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South Africa
Tanzania
Spain
Portugal
Prez G, Slippers B, Wingfield MJ, Wingfield BD, Carnegie AJ, Burgess TI (2012) Cryptic species,
native populations and biological invasions by a eucalypt forest pathogen. Molecular Ecology 21:
4452-4471.
Tasmania
236,000 ha
Initially E. globulus was planted within the forest estate
and very quickly succumbed to T. nubilosa and T. cryptica
As plantings started on ex-farmland silviculture and
management better and there was a switch in most areas
from E. globulus to E. nitens
MLD is still the main issue in these plantations, but
provided they get a good start, it is no longer considered
a major problem
breeding program for selection of resistance to T.
nubilosa and T. cryptics
Western Australia
301,000 ha
E. globulus in Western Australia is effectively an exotic
species
Neofusicoccum ribis
100
82
100
100
63
100
100
100
85
100
100
100
100
100
100
10 changes
60 Mycosphaerella africana
Mycosphaerella keniensis
99
100
99
60
Mycosphaerella punctiformis
Pseudocercospora paraguayensis
Pseudocercospora basiramifera
Green Triangle
171,000 ha
E. globulus is also the dominant species planted in this
region
sub-tropical forestry
83,000 ha NSW, 31,000 ha QLD
Many trials in northern NSW and Queensland for many
years
Teratosphaeria destructans
Devastating eucalypt leaf pathogen first described by
Wingfield & Crous (1996) from 1-3 years old Eucalyptus
grandis in Sumatra, Indonesia.
Since then T. destructans has been reported from
nurseries and young plantations in Thailand and Vietnam in
2001
In 2004 we found T. destructans in China
Also reported from native E. urophylla in East Timor in
2001. Identification has been confirmed and this could be
the origin of this species.
100
45 isolates
ITS-EF-BT-CHS-ATP
Not a single bp difference
CMW13328 T. zuluensis
CMW7449 T. zuluensis
100
CMW3279 T. cryptica
CMW14457 T. toledana
74
CMW11588 T. molleriana
100
CMW4940 T. molleriana
71 CMW13704 T. molleriana
CMW11560 T. nubilosa
65
95 CMW17915
99 CMW11687
CMW17916
100
65
CMW17917
100
100
70
CCT3
SA12
100
CMW22484
MURU327
10 changes
T. suttonii
T. eucalypti
CMW17919-China
CMW19909-China
CMW19832-Indonesia
CMW17918-Indonesia
CMW22553-Indonesia
CMW15089-Vietnam
CMW15090-Vietnam
CMW15092-Vietnam
CMW16123-Thailand
CMW13337-Thailand
CMW16120-Thailand
T. destructans
45 isolates
7 microsatellite loci
5 monomorphic, 2 polymorphic
each with 3 alleles (6 possible haplotypes
All alleles and haplotypes in Indonesia
2004
2000
2001
1996
2001
100
100
CMW13328 T. zuluensis
ITS-EF-BT-CHS-ATP
CMW7449 T. zuluensis
CMW3279 T. cryptica
CMW14457 T. toledana
74
CMW11588 T. molleriana
100
CMW4940 T. molleriana
71 CMW13704 T. molleriana
CMW11560 T. nubilosa
65
95 CMW17915
99 CMW11687
CMW17916
100
65 CMW17917
100
70
100
10 changes
CCT3
SA12
CMW22484
MURU327
T. eucalypti
T. epicoccoides
CMW17919-China
CMW19909-China
CMW19832-Indonesia
CMW17918-Indonesia
CMW22553-Indonesia
99
CMW15089-Vietnam
CMW15090-Vietnam
CMW15092-Vietnam
CMW16123-Thailand
100
CMW13337-Thailand
CMW16120-Thailand
MUCC452 - Australia
MUCC453 - Australia
100 MUCC454 - Australia
MUCC455 - Australia
MUCC456 - Australia
T. destructans
T. viscidus
(2006)
100
100
100
10 changes
100
89
34
VIC6
MUCC434
GP11
QLD40T22
DC2.1
FNQ152
CMW17916
85 DC2.4
CMW17917
100
10 changes
NSW,
T.VIC,
eucalypti
TAS, NZ
NSW, VIC, TAS, NZ
TAS13
98
35
CMW17915
T. pseudoeucalypti
FNQ, C-QLD,
QLD S-QLD
ITS-EF-BT-ATP
I
H
J
G
Cairns
Townsville
E
Rockhampton
C
A
Brisbane
B
Coffs Harbour
Sydney
Adelaide
Melbourne
Hobart
Auckland
Auckland
100
89
34
CMW17915
VIC6
MUCC434
GP11
QLD40T22
DC2.1
FNQ152
CMW17916
35
85 DC2.4
CMW17917
10 changes
TAS13
98
100
T. eucalypti
T.
T.pseudoeucalypti
pseudoeucalypti
FNQ, C-QLD,
QLD S-QLD
T. sp. 1
T. sp. 2
T. viscidus
T. eucalypti
T. pseudoeucalypti
T. epicoccoides
Conclusions
Teratosphaeria Leaf Disease (TLD) and Teratosphaeria
Leaf Blight (TLB) are serious forest pathogens that can
results in the death of trees
at the time of the epidemic in central Queensland there
was some evidence for resistance among hybrids, but as
the inoculum level increased all trees succumbed
the only possible control for this pathogen (group of
pathogens) is to breed for resistance