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Website: www.ijetae.com (ISSN 2250-2459, ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal, Volume 4, Issue 11, November 2014)
Associate Professor, Mechanical Engg. Dept., S.V. National Institute of Technology, Surat (India)
2
Deputy General Manager, Essar Learning Centre, Essar Steel India Ltd., Hazira, Surat (India)
1
aas@med.svnit.ac.in
Rajiv.Mistry@essar.com
Ss
Design factor
tb
tp
Beta factor
Kt
KeywordsASME Section X, Design Factor, Design of GlassFiber Reinforced Plastic Pressure Vessel, Material Testing,
Reinforcement Pad Dimensions.
Smax
Sf
Nomenclatures
Lp
Lc
E1
E2
E1f
E2f
Pd
Lb
I.INTRODUCTION
Glass-Fiber-Reinforced Plastic (GRP) pressure vessels
are widely used in industry particularly in the chemical and
process industries. The main reasons for this are GRP
material has good corrosion resistance, low weight but high
strength and high stiffness. It is specially used in making
chemical processing tanks and pressure vessels. These
tanks and vessels are usually large in size. Pipe branch
connections, manholes etc. in the vessels are very common
and are potential weak points. These opening contain
discontinuities in the structure. The large size combining
with the discontinuities limit the operating pressure of these
vessels. Each tank and vessel is custom made and they are
different. Economic consideration does not allow
manufacturers to destructively test one vessel to prove that
another identical one meets the design requirements. These
vessels therefore fall under the standard code.
For design and fabrication of FRP pressure vessels,
ASME has published Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code
Section X: Fiber-Reinforced Plastic pressure vessels [1].
523
Mean
value
of
Modulus of Elasticity
for 7 specimens.
184714.27 psi
Mean Value of
Flexural Modulus for 8
Specimens.
938131.58 psi
Poissons Ratio
524
0.32
2.
3.
Mark
Nominal
Elevation
Orientation
Size (in.)
(in.)
(Deg.)
90
Location
Shell
TABLE III
LAMINATE PROPERTIES FOR DESIGN CALCULATIONS
Tensile
modulus
direction(E1)
Tensile
modulus
direction(E2)
in
axial
184714.27 psi
in
hoop
184714.27 psi
axial
938131.58 psi
hoop
938131.58 psi
axial
hoop
0.32
hoop
axial
0.32
Flexural modulus in
direction(E1f)
Flexural Direction in
direction(E2f)
Poissons ratio for stress in
direction and contraction in
direction(1)
Poissons ratio for stress in
direction and contraction in
direction(2)
A. Design Calculation
The vessel was designed with the methodology of
ASME Section X, Class II vessel. In this approach also
525
Component
h ( in.)
P (psig)
Shell
24
16.3664
Nozzle A
12
15.9332
Circumferential Stress
t2 =
Mark
A
Nominal
Size(in.)
3
Flange
OD(in.)
7 1/2
Bolt Circle (
in.)
6
Bolt Hole
Dia. (in.)
3/4
Flange
Thickness (in.)
1/2
Nozzle
Thickness (in.)
1/4
Nominal
Size(in.)
12
Flange
OD(in.)
19
Bolt Circle
(in.)
17
Bolt Hole
Dia. (in.)
1
526
Flange
Thickness(in.)
13/16
Smax = S2Kt
Where S2 = allowable stress for the shell laminate in the
circumferential direction, defined as 0.001 E2 = 0.001 x
184714.27 psi = 184.7142 psi
tp =
tp
527
Lp
Where F= design factor = 10,Lc = Longest chord length
of opening = 3 in., P = internal pressure = 15.9332 psi, S s=
Secondary bond shear strength= 1000 psi
Lc is the maximum chord length of the opening. Hill side
nozzles and those nozzles installed in the shell so that the
nozzle axis does not intersect the shell axis have Lc greater
than the nozzle diameter. The nozzle A centreline intersects
the vessel centreline and is normal to it so that Lc = 3 in.
By putting above values in equation for Lp, one gets Lp =
0.3754 in.
References
[1] Section X: Fiber-Reinforced Plastic pressure vessels, ASME Boiler
and Pressure Vessel Code, (2007)
[2] Hisao Fukunaga & Masuji Uemura, Optimum Design of Helically
Wound Composite Pressure Vessels, Composite Structures, 1 (1983)
31-49
[3] J. Blachut, Filament wound torisphere under external pressure,
Composite Structures 26 (1993) 47-54
[4] Paul H. Ziehl & Timothy J. Fowler, Fiber reinforced vessel design
with a damage criterion, Composite Structures 61 (2003) 395- 411
[5] Baoping Cai, Yonghong LiuZengkai Liu, Xiaojie Tian, Renjie Ji,
Hang Li, Reliability-based load and resistance factor design of
composite pressure vessel under external hydrostatic pressure ,
Composite Structures 93 (2011) 28442852
[6] ASTM D 3039: Standard Test Method for Tensile properties of
Polymer Matrix Composites Materials. (2008)
[7] ASTM D 790: Standard Test Methods for Flexural Properties of
Unreinforced and Reinforced Plastics and Electrical Insulating
Materials. (2002)
[8] K.R.Rao, Companion Guide to the ASME Boiler and Pressure
Vessel Code, Volume 2, Third Edition, Chapter 25(2009)
528