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The word stoichiometry derives from two Greek words: stoicheion (meaning
"element") and metron (meaning "measure"). Stoichiometry deals with
calculations about the masses (sometimes volumes) of reactants and products
involved in a chemical reaction.
Composition Stoichiometry
The Mole Concept
The term mole literally means a small mass. It is used as the bridge between
chemistry on the atomic and macroscopic scale. If the mass of a single 12C atom
is 12.000 amu, then one mole of these atoms would have a mass of 12.000
grams. By definition, a mole of any substance contains the same number
of elementary particles as there are atoms in exactly 12 grams of the
12
C isotope of carbon.
Example: A single 12C atom has a mass of 12 amu, and a mole of these atoms
would have a mass of 12 grams.
% yield =
actual yield
100%
theoretical yield
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Practice Exercise 3.12: Consider the reaction:
2Al + 3I2 2AlI3
Determine the limiting reagent and the theoretical yield of the product if one
starts with:
(a)
1.20 mol Al and 2.40 mol iodine.
(b)
1.20 g Al and 2.40 g iodine
(c)
How many grams of Al are left over in part b?
Practice Exercise 3.13: 15.00 g aluminum sulfide and 10.00 g water react until
the limiting reagent is used up. Here is the balanced equation for the
reaction:
Al2S3 + 6H2O 2Al(OH)3 + 3H2S
(a)
Which is the limiting reagent?
(b)
What is the maximum mass of H2S which can be formed from these
reagents?
(c)
How much excess reagent remains after the reaction is complete?
Solve Problems: 3.5, 3.13, 3.15, 3.19, 3.25, 3.41, 3.43, 3.47, 3.59, 3.67, 3.71,
3.84, 3.92. pp. 86 - 91, General Chemistry: The Essential Concepts, 5 th
edition by Raymond Chang
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