Analiza si Simularea Activitatii

Operatorului Uman in Sisteme

Tehnologice

Laborator
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Introducere
Lumea concurenial de astzi conduce la o competiie
nverunat fr precedent n lansarea de noi produse mai
ieftine i mai bune.
Fabricanii sunt obligai s perfecioneze continuu metodele de
concepie i de fabricaie ale produselor
Simularea unui sistem sau a unui produs nainte de a fi fabricat
sau construit permite realizarea de economii substaniale la
costurile privind ncercrile, erorile de concepie i
rebuturile ca i la cheltuielile care se impun la modificrile
constructive cerute de beneficiar.

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Definiii
Simularea reprezint un instrument de
analiz avnd drept scop stabilirea
efectelor schimbrilor operate asupra unui
sistem existent, ct si evaluarea
performanelor unor noi sisteme n astfel
de circumstane.

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Definiii
Simularea se definete ca fiind procesul
de proiectare i realizare ale unui
model, ale unui experiment n scopul
nelegerii comportamentului
sistemului i al evalurii unui numr
mare de strategii posibile pentru
funcionarea acestuia.
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Definiii
Simulare este o metod prin care se permite
modelarea unui sistem pe baza unui model
matematic. Modelul matematic trebuie sa
fie suficient de complex pentru a putea lua
n calcul toate legile care guverneaz
sistemul.

pdfMachine
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pdfMachine
Is a pdf writer that produces quality PDF files with ease!
Produce quality PDF files in seconds and preserve the integrity of your original documents. Compatible across
nearly all Windows platforms, if you can print from a windows application you can use pdfMachine.
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Analiza ergonomica

pdfMachine
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Introducere
Pentru a putea realiza un studiu eficient
asupra activitatilor umane este absolut
necesar a se cunoaste toate aspectele legate
de acestea.
Omul in general participa nemijlocit la
aproape toate activitatile productive, fie ele
in procese automate, semiautomate sau
manuale.
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Introducere
In cazul proceselor automate participarea omului
este indirecta, lui revenindu-i rolul de
supraveghetor al procesului.
In cadrul proceselor semiautomate, care defapt
detin o pondere importanta, participarea omului
este directa, el fiind factorul de decizie.
Implicarea directa in proces este absolut necesara
pentru o buna desfasurare a sa.
In cadrul proceselor manuale omul reprezinta atat
factorul de decizie cat si cel de executie,
cantitatea de efort fizic fiind foarte mare, ceea ce
isi pune amprenta asupra calitatii procesului

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Considerente
In timpul desfasurarii activitatii manuale,
oboseala fizic, fenomen natural, proporional cu
mrimea efortului i cu durata lui, se instaleaz
diminund capacitatea de efort, i prin asta
volumul de munc i calitatea muncii. n cazul
proceselor manuale fenomenul de oboseala se
instaleaz progresiv nc de la nceperea
activitii i capt niveluri importante ctre
sfritul activitii.
In procesele semiautomate gradul de oboseala,
dei substanial diminuat, el contribuie n mod
negativ la desfasurarea activitatii.
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Considerente
Operatorul uman isi desfasoar activitatea
n cadrul unui flux tehnologic bine
organizat, la care o intrerupere perturbeaz
buna desfasurare a procesului de realizare a
produsului finit.
Pentru o ananilza corecta trebuie stabilita
in primul rand radiografia unei zile de
activitate.
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Radiografia unei zile de

activitate
prezena la locul de munc,
Ora 7,00-7,15 verificarea starii mainii,
aprovizionarea cu piese brute, verificarea
sculelor i fixarea lor n suportul mainii.
Ora 7,15-7,20 realizarea piesei de prob i
reglarea mainii
Ora 7,20 ncepe activitatea efectiv n
contul productiei

Ora 7,00

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 Pentru determinarea vitezei de realizare a piesei

ntanlim doua procede:
Discretizarea micrilor n elemente simple i
msurarea timpilor realizai
Msurarea global a timpului, prin determinarea
timpului de servire i a timpului de prelucrare,
pentru o pies (la nceputul activitii).
Cunoscnd cantitatea de piese prelucrate ntr-un
interval de timp dat, se poate determina nstalarea
oboselii n mod progresiv.
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Timp de deservire

t mi ttp t p
tmi-timp de servire
ttp- timp total de realizare
tp- timp efectiv de prelucrare
pdfMachine
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Numar de piese realizate

Ni

T
(bucati)
ttp

unde :
N i numarul ideal de piese prelucrate in intervalul masurat
T T0 Ti - intervalul de timp luat in considerare;
ttp - timpul total pentru realizarea unei piese.

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Timpul total efectiv pentru

realizarea unei piese

T
tte
Ne
Ne numar efectiv de piese realizate
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Timpul mediu de servire

'
m

t tte t p
'
m

t timpul mediu de deservire

tte timpul total mediu de
realizare a piesei
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Timpul final
t mf ttf t p
unde :
t mf timpul de deservire final
(la sfarsitul intervalului);
t tf timpul efectiv total de realizare
a piesei la sfarsitul intervalului
pdfMachine
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Gradul de oboseal
Desi din formulele anterioare rezulta o variatie
liniar a timpului de deservire, in realitate,
caracteristica curbei de crestere a timului nu este
liniar; ea are o variaie dup o lege greu de prins
ntr-o relaie matematic, deoarece n acest caz
oboseala se instaleaz n mod diferit, de la
individ la individ n funcie de factorii psihomotorii ai fiecruia i de rezistena la efort.
Se accept variaia liniar care pune totui in
evident fenomenul i permite s poat fi luat n
calculul productivitii muncii.
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Gradul de oboseal
Exprimarea matematic a gradului de
oboseal este foarte greu de fcut, dac nu
chiar imposibil prin nsui faptul c
oboseala este o noiune complex care
ntruchipeaz o stare de efort a
organismului, generat de factori multiplii
i in mare msur neelucidai.

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Starea de odihn

1
go
tm

1
S

Starea de odihn se defineste ca raportul

invers la primul timp realizat, la prima
manipulare.
Valoarea obtinut este relativ, ea diferind
de la caz la caz
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Starea de oboseal
Pe parcursul activitii, valoarea timpului
tm se mareste, ca dovada a instalrii
obosselii ca stare de fapt. Vlaorea
raportului go se micoreaz invers
proportional cu valoarea lui tm, fapt ce
indic o descrestere a capacittii fizice a
persoanei respective.

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Coninut laborator
1. Crearea unui model uman pentru
analiza ergonomica.
2. Stabilirea miscarilor specifice unei
anumite operatii
3. Simularea miscarii operatorului uman
4. Concluzii.

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