TA Balancing Methods

Balancing methods
TA Hydronic College Training
What is the purpose of balancing ?
Produced by TA Hydronic College
Adjusting the design flows in all terminal units in

design conditions (when all control valves are fully open),
while creating minimum additional pressure drops.
1) Call Santa Claus!
2) Have a method.
2
Infinity of possible balancing solutions

2 psi
100
3 psi
100
3 psi
100
2 psi
100
3 psi
100
1.
4 psi
1 psi
3 psi
1 psi
100
2 psi
1 psi
100
100
1 psi
0.5 psi
100
0.5 psi
0.5 psi
100
2.
6 psi
100
5 psi
100
4 psi
100
3 psi
100
2.5 psi
...
12 psi
11 psi
10 psi
= 9.5 psi
= 21.9 ft
100
3.
13 psi
= 7.5 psi
= 17.3 ft
9.5 psi
= 16.5 psi
= 38 ft
3
Building brick: the hydronic module
Direct return piping
1 balancing valve
per circuit
3 Main balancing valve

4
Splitting into modules
Simplifying the drawing

is essential

=
Solution for the

main module

=
Another solution
for the main module
Turning direction criteria for splitting into modules

30 gpm 30 gpm
4 gpm
4 gpm
4 gpm
At any bifurcation
between many and many units
turn in the direction of the main flow
Remark: bifurcations can be
30 gpm
4 gpm
4 gpm
4 gpm
At any bifurcation
between one and many units
turn in the direction of the many units
regardless of the flow
or
9
Find out the

sub-modules (1)
10
Find out the

sub-modules (2)
11
Find out the

sub-modules (3)
12

=
A.6
A.5
A.4
13
Where to install balancing valves ?
Where would you install

balancing valves ?
14
Exercise: Split the plant into modules and place valves

All black numbers is q in gpm
All red numbers is p in psi
4/2
4/2
3/2
4/2
4/2
12/4
1/1
8/3
1/1
2/2
1/1
6/2
10/4
8/3
1/1
2/2
2/2
2/2
2/2
2/2
2/2
2/2
10/4
5/2
2/2
7/3
7/3
=
5/2
Mark with where STAD/F is needed,

use the smallest amount!
Size all STAD/F regardless of pipe p
Exercise: Split the plant into modules, place and calculate valves
All black numbers is q in gpm
All red numbers is p in psi
All blue numbers in feet
All circuit length is 10 feet
4/2
4/2
60
4/2
3/2
1/1
12/4
60
150
150
150
1/1
2/2
2/2
60
60
60
100
90
2/2
2/2
60
60
8/3
1/1
8/3
1/1
2/2
2/2
60
2/2
4/2
60 10/4
6/2
5/2
60
60
10/4
60
60
90
5 30
30
60
100
60
30
7/3
60
7/3
60
5/2
Mark with where STAD/F is needed,

use the smallest amount!
Size all pipes and STAD/F in TA Select
Compare the valve size from the previous
exercise
2/2
2/2
Balancing a module
The iterative method

(trial and error) quickly becomes
a nightmare because of
hydraulic interactivity
17
Balancing a module
30
20
10
20
20
Exploit the
proportion
rule
100
45
30
15
30
30
150
18
Balancing a module
10
11
10
12
10
10
13
10
13
The proportion rule

applies itself
downstream
from a
perturbation
19
Balancing methods
Proportional method
adapted from air system balancing methodologies
not optimal in pressure drops
Compensated method (Pr. Robert Petitjean)

designed for application with balancing valves
optimal in pressure drops
TA Balance method (Pr. Robert Petitjean)
fully computerized: automatic determination of the index valve

20
The compensated method

Reference
valve
Preset the reference valve for a pressure drop of

at least 1 ft at design flow.
(use calculation disk or TA SCOPE)
21

Reference
valve
Partner valve
100%
Obtain the design flow in the reference valve

by adjusting the partner valve.
22

Reference
valve
Partner
valve
100%
Maintain the flow in the reference valve, by adjusting

the Partner valve, while adjusting valve no 4. (by using
the computer method in TA SCOPE on no 4)
23
100%
100%
Continue the procedure with valve no 3.

The flow is maintained in the reference valve and in valve no 4
by virtue of the proportion rule.
Continue until all valves is balanced in this module.
24
Reliable
Each valve is adjusted only once
Minimum pressure drops
3 people needed
2 instruments needed
Difficult if the index
is not the reference
25
Order for balancing modules

The structure of hydronic modules can
be seen as a hierarchical tree.
=
A.6
By virtue of the proportion rule, before

a valve can be adjusted, all its children
valves must themselves be adjusted.
A.5
A.4
Before a module can be balanced, the

whole descent of this module must be
balanced.
4
Balancing order:
2
1
3
26
Order for balancing modules
Correct
Incorrect !
Correct
27
Setting of balancing valves by step 1
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
28
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
29
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
30
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
31
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
32
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
33
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
34
Fully open
50% open
Balanced
Module @ work
35
TA Balance method
TA Balance is a computerized balancing method

incorporated in the TA SCOPE:
1. Two measurements are performed on each valve
2. It calculates the best settings for the balancing valves

of the module
Preliminary operations:
Partner valve is fully open
Balancing valves of all circuits are set at 50% opening
36
TA Balance method
For each valve :
1) Enter the design flow
2) Enter valve and setting
3) Measure the current flow
4) Shut the valve
5) Measure the pressure drop
6) Re-open the valve
Repeat on all module valves
For the partner valve :

1) Shut the valve
2) Measure the differential pressure
3) Re-open the valve
TA SCOPE calculates and displays the required valve openings.
37
TA Balance method
The settings displayed by the TA SCOPE are adopted:
Circuits of the module are then proportionally balanced.
With the lowest pressure drops in the valves. (starting
with selected min p in the index valve)
Setting the partner valve to the

design flow, now or in a later stage
Gives the correct flows in every

balancing valves of the module.
38
TA Balance method
Reliable
Only one person needed
Only one instrumet needed
The index valve is

automatically detected
Overall gain of 25% on
the balancing time
39
Balancing methods
Proportional method
adapted from air system balancing methodologies
not optimal in pressure drops
minimum 2 to 3 access to each valve
1 man; 1 instrument
Compensated method (Pr. Robert Petitjean)

designed for application with balancing valves
only 1 access to each valve (if index valve at the end)
3(2) men; 2 instruments needed
TA Balance method (Pr. Robert Petitjean)
fully computerized: automatic determination of the index valve
1 man; 1 instrument
3 to 4 access to each valve
40
Balancing reveals the optimal set-point

1

in the balancing valves
Re-open the main valve

and adjust the pump speed
All the pump head in excess is

located in the main valve
41
Pump optimization
50 gpm
50 gpm
50 gpm
50 gpm
50 gpm
40 psi
40 psi
30 psi
250 gpm
0.5 psi
14 psi
13 psi
12 psi
11 psi
10.5 psi
0.5 psi
4 psi
4 psi
3 psi
3 psi
2 psi
2 psi
1 psi
1 psi
10.5 psi
0.5 psi
0.5 psi
All above 1 ft (0.5 psi) in p in the index valve and main valve is energy waste.
.no balancing is completed before the pump is optimized
Savings are real
Pfizer pharmaceutical production unit nearby Tours (France)
Installed cooling capacity of 184,256 MBTUH (3 chillers in cascade)

Total design flow: 3400 GPM
Problem: production alarms!
80 TA balancing valves from STAD to STAF 8
Audit of plant with TA Select based on a first measurement campaign
Presettings calculated with TA Select
Viscosity corrections checked with TA Select
Full balancing performed using TA-Balance on one TA-CBI
43
Savings are real

Before
balancing
Industrial plant
184,256 MBTUH
cooling capacity
3900 GPM
49 psi pump head
After
balancing
3400 GPM (-13%)

No production alarms!
39 psi pump head (-20%)

Pumping power reduction :
52 HP
Savings : 17200 /year
24000 $/year
44

TA Balancing Methods

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Balancing methods

TA Hydronic College Training

What is the purpose of balancing ?

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Adjusting the design flows in all terminal units in

1) Call Santa Claus!

Infinity of possible balancing solutions

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Building brick: the hydronic module

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Direct return piping

3 Main balancing valve

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Splitting into modules

Splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Simplifying the drawing

Splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Solution for the

Splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Turning direction criteria for splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Remark: bifurcations can be

Splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Find out the

Splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Find out the

Splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Find out the

Splitting into modules

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Where to install balancing valves ?

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Where would you install

Exercise: Split the plant into modules and place valves

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Mark with where STAD/F is needed,

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Mark with where STAD/F is needed,

Produced by TA Hydronic College

The iterative method

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Produced by TA Hydronic College

The proportion rule

Compensated method (Pr. Robert Petitjean)

TA Balance method (Pr. Robert Petitjean)

Produced by TA Hydronic College

fully computerized: automatic determination of the index valve

The compensated method

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Preset the reference valve for a pressure drop of

The compensated method

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Obtain the design flow in the reference valve

The compensated method

Produced by TA Hydronic College

Maintain the flow in the reference valve, by adjusting

The compensated method