E-Governance in India - Concept, Initiatives and Issues - INSIGHTS

6/1/2015
EgovernanceinIndia:Concept,InitiativesandIssues|INSIGHTS
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Introduction
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1)Introductiontothe
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ConstitutionofIndia20Edition
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BipanChandra
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3)India'sStruggleFor
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PrelimsGeneralStudies1and
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TheeineGovernancestandsforelectronic.Thus,eGovernanceisbasically
4)IndianEconomy:ForCivil
associatedwithcarryingoutthefunctionsandachievingtheresultsof
ServicesExaminations6th
governancethroughtheutilizationofICT(InformationandCommunications
Technology).
WhileGovernancerelatestosafeguardingthelegalrightsofallcitizens,an
UPSCCivilServices2015
NotificationWillbePublishedon
May23,2015
responsesaspartofgoodgovernance.
equallyimportantaspectisconcernedwithensuringequitableaccesstopublic
servicesandthebenefitsofeconomicgrowthtoall.Italsoensuresgovernment
However,thiswouldrequirethegovernmenttochangeitselfitsprocesses,its
outlook,laws,rulesandregulationsandalsoitswayofinteractingwiththe
citizens.Itwouldalsorequirecapacitybuildingwithinthegovernmentand
UPDATE:Government
ClarificationRegardingCSAT
(Paper2)ofUPSCCivilServices
PreliminaryExam2015
ICT
creationofgeneralawarenessabouteGovernanceamongthecitizens
HistoryOfTheWorld'sLargest
Democracy
9)MasteringModernWorld
History5thEdition,Norman
EditionSChand
systems,speedingupgovernmentalprocesses,takingdecisionsexpeditiously
11)ChallengeAndStrategy:
andjudiciously,increasingtransparencyandenforcingaccountability.Italso
RethinkingIndia'sForeign
helpsinincreasingthereachofgovernmentbothgeographicallyand
PolicyRajivSikri
demographically.
12)India'sForeignPolicy
followedbythelaunchoftheDistrictInformationSystemoftheNational
8)IndiaAfterGandhi:The
information,processinginformationanddatafasterthantheearliermanual
PRELIMS+MAINS2015
7)EthicsInGovernance
10)SelectConstitutions:16th
NICNETin1987thenationalsatellitebasedcomputernetwork.Thiswas
30MAY,2015
Hussain5thEdition
providesefficientstoringandretrievalofdata,instantaneoustransmissionof
SELFSTUDYGUIDE
6)GeographyofIndiaMajid
Lowe
InIndia,themainthrustforeGovernancewasprovidedbythelaunchingof
1JUN,2015
EditionLaxmikanth
tobetransparentinitsdealings,accountableforitsactivitiesandfasterinits
Postponed:UPSCCivilService
Examination2015Notification
5)IndianPolityforCivil
ServicesExaminations4th
UPSCCivilServicesExamination
2015OfficialNotificationOut
CSATisQualifying(ItsMarksNot
Counted)
WhyWritingMattersEspecially
foranIASAspirant?
Edition(2014)RameshSingh
InformaticsCentre(DISNIC)programmetocomputerizealldistrictofficesin
MuchkundDubey
13)HistoryoftheWorldfrom
theLateNineteenthtotheEarly
TwentyFirstCenturyArjun
Dev
thecountryforwhichfreehardwareandsoftwarewasofferedtotheState
Governments.NICNETwasextendedviatheStatecapitalstoalldistrict
headquartersby1990.Intheensuingyears,withongoingcomputerization,
14)SocialProblemsinIndia2
EditionRamAhuja
teleconnectivityandinternetconnectivityestablishedalargenumberofe
15)PoliticsandEthicsofthe
Governanceinitiatives,bothattheUnionandStatelevels.
IndianConstitution
TypesofGovernmentInteractioninegovernance.
G2G:GovernmenttoGovernment
16)PublicInstitutionsinIndia:
PerformanceandDesign
PRATAPBHANUMEHTA
3/26
6/1/2015
29MAY,2015
G2C:GovernmenttoCitizen
17)CertificatePhysicaland
G2B:GovernmenttoBusiness
HumanGeographyGohCheng
G2E:GovernmenttoEmployee
RECENTCURRENTEVENTSPOSTS
SomeInitiativesinthesamefield
InsightsDailyCurrentEvents,01
June2015
1. GovernmenttoCitizen(G2C)Initiatives:
1JUN,2015
ComputerizationofLandRecords:IncollaborationwithNIC.
May2015
Ensuringthatlandownersgetcomputerizedcopiesofownership,crop
30MAY,2015
demand.
InsightsDailyCurrentEvents:29
May2015
29MAY,2015
May2015
28MAY,2015
andtenancyandupdatedcopiesofRecordsofRights(RoRs)on
BhoomiProject:OnlinedeliveryofLandRecords.Selfsustainable
eGovernanceprojectforthecomputerizeddeliveryof20millionrural
landrecordsto6.7millionfarmersthrough177Governmentowned
kiosksintheStateofKarnataka
Leong
18)IndiasNationalSecurity
AReader
19)IndianSocialSystemRam
Ahuja
PIBFEATURES
InflationFalls,GDPSurges
ModiFirmonuseofGreen
Technology
Gyandoot:ItisanIntranetbasedGovernmenttoCitizen(G2C)
ProtectionofWomenfrom
servicedeliveryinitiative.ItwasinitiatedintheDhardistrictof
DomesticViolenceAct(PMDVA)
MadhyaPradeshinJanuary2000withthetwinobjectiveofproviding
2005
May2015
relevantinformationtotheruralpopulationandactingasaninterface
27MAY,2015
LokvaniProjectinUttarPradesh:Lokvaniisapublicprivate
betweenthedistrictadministrationandthepeople.
partnershipprojectatSitapurDistrictinUttarPradeshwhichwas
initiatedinNovember,2004.Itsobjectiveistoprovideasingle
UsingScienceandTechnology
forPeopleswelfare
GovernmentInitiativeonEase
ofDoingBusiness
RECENTSECURE2015POSTS
window,selfsustainableeGovernancesolutionwithregardto
IndiasMoribundpower
[InsightsSecure2015]UPSC
MainsQuestionsonCurrent
Events:01June2015
handlingofgrievances,landrecordmaintenanceandprovidinga
witnessesseachangeafterModi
mixtureofessentialservices.
launchesmajorinitiatives
1JUN,2015
EfficientNetworkfortheDisbursementofServices)isaSingle
Events:30May2015
30MAY,2015
ProjectFRIENDSinKerala:FRIENDS(Fast,Reliable,Instant,
WindowFacilityprovidingcitizensthemeanstopaytaxesandother
SwachhandSwasthaBharat
financialduestotheStateGovernment.Theservicesareprovided
MoresofIndianArtandits
throughFRIENDSJanasevanaKendramslocatedinthedistrict
EvolvingMedium
headquarters.
eMitraProjectinRajasthan:eMitraisanintegratedprojectto
Achievingtheobjectiveof
facilitatetheurbanandtheruralmasseswithmaximumpossible
EnvironmentStewardship
ProgrammeofNPCI
JULY5,2015
servicesrelatedtodifferentstategovernmentdepartmentsthrough
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Events:29May2015
LokmitraJanmitraCenters/Kiosks.
29MAY,2015
AgriculturalExtension
eSeva(AndhraPradesh):Thisprojectisdesignedtoprovide
Programme
Events:28May2015
28MAY,2015
Events:27May2015
27MAY,2015
THEHINDUNEWSANALYSIS
InsightsTheHinduNewsAnalysis:
30May2015
29May2015
GovernmenttoCitizenandeBusinesstoCitizenservices.The
highlightoftheeSevaprojectisthatalltheservicesaredelivered
onlinetoconsumers/citizensbyconnectingthemtotherespective
governmentdepartmentsandprovidingonlineinformationatthe
pointofservicedelivery.
AdmissiontoProfessionalCollegesCommonEntranceTest
(CET):
RECENTCOMMENTS
Charmon9)Withsuitable
examplesdifferentiatebetween
hatespeechandfreespeech.Do
youthinkacademicinstitutions
Withtherapidgrowthinthedemandaswellassupplyofprofessional
shouldallowpoliticaland
education,theprocessofadmissiontotheseinstitutionsbecamea
religiousdebatestotakeplace
majorchallengeintheearly1990s.RecoursewasthentakentoICTto
amongstudentgroupsintheir
maketheprocessofadmissiontransparentandobjective.Oneofthe
campuses?Criticallycomment.
pioneeringeffortswasmadebyKarnataka.TheStateGovernment
RATNESHTHAKURonDAY
decidedtoconductacommonentrancetestbasedonwhichadmission
3:InsightsSelfStudyGuide
todifferentcollegesanddisciplineswasmade.
HarishMeenaon1)Critically
commentonIndiasroleinthe
liberationandcreationof
Bangladeshin1971andits
28May2015
25May2015
consequencesonIndiaspolity
then.
on2)Inanycase,
rulingbyordinanceisaBritish
legacyofretainingcontrolby
theCrown.Inthelightof
introductionofcontroversial
RECENTESSAYCHALLENGES
InsightsWeeklyEssayChallenge
Week21
Week20
ordinancesinrecentyearsby
theuniongovernment,critically
commentonthestatement.
JDon2)Inanycase,ruling
byordinanceisaBritishlegacy
ofretainingcontrolbythe
Crown.Inthelightof
introductionofcontroversial
5/26
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Week19
ordinancesinrecentyearsby
theuniongovernment,critically
commentonthestatement.
Week18
Week17
RAJYASABHATVNEWSDEBATES
TheBigPictureOneyearofNDA
Govt:Defencesector
30MAY,2015
TheBigPictureFDIinMulti
BrandRetail:Whatisitsfate?
27MAY,2015
1. GovernmenttoBusiness(G2B)Initiatives:
eProcurementProjectinAndhraPradeshandGujarat:
Toreducethetimeandcostofdoingbusinessforbothvendorsand
government.
MCA21:BytheMinistryofCorporateAffairs.Theprojectaimsat
providingeasyandsecureonlineaccesstoallregistryrelatedservices
providedbytheUnionMinistryofCorporateAffairstocorporatesand
TheBigPictureOneyearofNDA
Govt:Howthesocialsectorhas
fared?
26MAY,2015
otherstakeholdersatanytimeandinamannerthatbestsuitsthem.
1. GovernmenttoGovernment(G2G)Initiatives:
KhajaneProjectinKarnataka:Itisacomprehensiveonlinetreasury
TheBigPictureIndiaSouth
KoreaTies:WhereisitHeading?
computerizationprojectoftheGovernmentofKarnataka.Theprojecthas
21MAY,2015
theStateGovernmentandthesystemhastheabilitytotrackeveryactivity
TheBigPicturePMModisChina
Visit:WhataretheTakeaways?
20MAY,2015
resultedinthecomputerizationoftheentiretreasuryrelatedactivitiesof
rightfromtheapprovaloftheStateBudgettothepointofrendering
accountstothegovernment.
SmartGov(AndhraPradesh):SmartGovhasbeendevelopedto
streamlineoperations,enhanceefficiencythroughworkflowautomation
andknowledgemanagementforimplementationintheAndhraPradesh
Secretariat.
NationalEgovernancePlan
TheNationaleGovernancePlan(NeGP)hasbeenformulatedbythe
DepartmentofElectronicsandInformationTechnology(DEITY)and
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DepartmentofAdministrativeReformsandPublicGrievances(DARPG)in
2006.
TheNeGPaimsatimprovingdeliveryofGovernmentservicestocitizensand
businesseswiththefollowingvision:MakeallGovernmentservicesaccessible
tothecommonmaninhislocality,throughcommonservicedeliveryoutlets
andensureefficiency,transparency&reliabilityofsuchservicesataffordable
coststorealisethebasicneedsofthecommonman.
Centralgovernmentinitiativesasmissionmodeprojects(MMP)
eoffice
TheGovernmentofIndiahasrecognizedtheneedtomodernizetheCentral
GovernmentofficesthroughtheintroductionofInformationand
CommunicationsTechnology.eOfficeisaimedatincreasingtheusageofwork
flowandrulebasedfilerouting,quicksearchandretrievaloffilesandoffice
orders,digitalsignaturesforauthentication,formsandreportingcomponents.
Immigration,VisaandForeignersRegistration&Tracking(IVFRT)
Indiahasemergedasakeytouristdestination,besidesbeingamajorbusiness
andservicehub.ImmigrationCheckPostisthefirstpointofcontactthat
generatespublicandpopularperceptionaboutthecountry,thusnecessitating
astateoftheartsystemforpromptanduserfriendlyservices.
UID
Theuniqueidentificationprojectwasconceivedasaninitiativethatwould
provideidentificationforeachresidentacrossthecountryandwouldbeused
primarilyasthebasisforefficientdeliveryofwelfareservices.Itwouldalsoact
asatoolforeffectivemonitoringofvariousprogramsandschemesofthe
government.
Pensions
ThepensionsMMPisprimarilyaimedatmakingthepension/retirement
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relatedinformation,servicesandgrievanceshandlingmechanismaccessible
onlinetotheneedypensioners,throughacombinationofinteractiveandnon
interactivecomponents,andthus,helpbridgethegapbetweenthepensioners
andthegovernment.
Banking
TheBankingMMPisyetanothersteptowardsimprovingoperationalefficiency
andreducingthedelaysandeffortsinvolvedinhandlingandsettling
transactions.TheMMPwhichisbeingimplementedbythebankingindustry
aimsatstreamliningvariouseservicesinitiativesundertakenbyindividual
banks.Implementationisbeingdonebythebanksconcerned,withthebanking
Departmentprovidingabroadframeworkandguidance.
Posts
ModernizationofPostalServiceshasbeenundertakenbytheDepartmentof
Poststhroughcomputerizationandnetworkingofallpostofficesusinga
centralserverbasedsystem,andsettingupofcomputerizedregistration
centers(CRCs).
StateMissionModeprojects
eGovernanceinMunicipalities
ItisauniqueinitiativeoftheGovernmentofIndiaconceptualizedundertheumbrellaofthe
overallNationaleGovernancePlan(NeGP)andtheJawaharlalNehruNationalUrbanRenewal
Mission(Jnnurm)aimedatimprovingoperationalefficiencieswithinUrbanLocalBodies
(ULBs).
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CrimeandCriminalTrackingNetwork&Systems
CrimeandCriminalTrackingNetwork&Systems(CCTNS)MMPaimsat
creatingacomprehensiveandintegratedsystemforenhancingtheefficiency
andeffectivepolicingatalllevelsandespeciallyatthePoliceStationlevel
throughadoptionofprinciplesofeGovernance,andcreationofanationwide
networkedinfrastructureforevolutionofITenabledstateofthearttracking
system.
PublicDistributionSystem
ComputerizationofthePDSisenvisagedasanendtoendprojectcoveringkey
functionalareassuchassupplychainmanagementincludingallocationand
utilizationreporting,storageandmovementoffoodgrains,grievanceredressal
andtransparencyportal,digitizationofbeneficiarydatabase,FairPriceShop
automation,etc.
Health
ICTforprogrammemanagementhasbeenundertakenbytheMinistryof
Health&FamilyWelfareintheMotherandChildTrackingSystem(MCTS)
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programmeandtheMinistryenvisagesamorecomprehensiveuseofICT
includingforHospitalInformationSystems,supplychainmanagementfor
drugsandvaccines,providingICTtoolstoASHAandANMworkers,
programmemanagementofNationalRuralHealthMission(NRHM),etc
throughthisMMP.
epanchayat
ThePanchayatiRajInstitutions(PRIs)aresaddledwiththeproblemsof
inadequatephysicalandfinancialresources,technicalcapabilitiesand
extremelylimitedcomputerization.Asaresult,thepotentialofPRIsasthe
preferreddeliverychannelfortheschemesofStateandCentreaswellasfor
citizenserviceshasnotbeenfullyrealized.Whilesomecomputerizationefforts
forPRIshavebeenmadebyNICovertheyears,theeGovernancerevolution
sweepingthecountryhasnottouchedthePRIsyetinsignificantmeasure.The
MinistryofPanchayatiRaj,GovernmentofIndiahasthereforedecidedtotake
upthecomputerizationofPRIsonamissionmodebasis.
eDistrict
eDistrictisoneofthe31MissionModeProjectsunderNationaleGovernance
Plan(NeGP)withtheDIT,GoIbeingthenodalministry.Thisprojectaimsat
providingsupporttothebasicadministrativeuniti.e.DistrictAdministration
byundertakingbackendcomputerizationtoenableelectronicdeliveryofhigh
volumecitizencentricgovernmentserviceswhichwouldoptimallyleverage
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andutilizethethreeinfrastructurepillarsofStateWideAreaNetworks
(SWAN),StateDataCenters(SDC)andCommonServiceCenters(CSCs)to
deliverservicestothecitizenathisdoorsteps.
NationalLandRecordsModernizationProgramme(NLRMP)
AProjectforComputerizationofLandRecords(CLR)waslaunchedin198889
withtheintentiontoremovetheinherentflawsinthemanualsystemof
maintenanceandupdationofLandRecords.In199798,theschemewas
extendedtotehsilstostartdistributionofRecordsofRightstolandownerson
demand.Thefocusoftheentireoperationhasalwaysbeentoemploystateof
theartinformationtechnology(IT)togalvanizeandtransformtheexisting
landrecordssystemofthecountry.
IntegratedMissionModeProjects
eprocurement
MinistryofCommerce&Industry(DepartmentofCommerce)hasbeen
nominatedastheNodalMinistryforimplementationofeGovernment
Procurement(eGP)MissionModeProjects(MMP).Thevisionofthee
ProcurementMMPisTocreateanationalinitiativetoimplement
procurementreforms,throughtheuseofelectronicGovernment
procurement,soastomakepublicprocurementinallsectorsmore
transparentandefficient.
eCourts
TheeCourtMissionModeProject(MMP)wasconceptualizedwithavisionto
transformtheIndianjudiciarybymakinguseoftechnology.Theprojecthad
beendeveloped,followingthereportsubmittedbytheeCommitteeunder
SupremeCourtonnationalpolicy&actionplanonimplementationof
informationcommunicationtoolsinIndianjudiciary.
Aclearobjectivetoreengineerprocessesandenhancejudicialproductivity
bothqualitativelyandquantitativelytomakethejusticedeliverysystem
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affordable,accessible,costeffective,transparentandaccountable.
eBiz
TheeBizMissionModeProject,beingexecutedbyDepartmentofIndustrial
PolicyandPromotion(DIPP),MinistryofCommerceandIndustry,
GovernmentofIndia,wasconceptualizedwiththevision.ItsvisionisTo
transformthebusinessenvironmentinthecountrybyproviding
efficient,convenient,transparentandintegratedelectronicservices
toinvestors,industriesandbusinessthroughoutthebusinesslife
cycle.
CommonServicesCentres
TheCSCswouldprovidehighqualityandcosteffectivevideo,voiceanddata
contentandservices,intheareasofegovernance,education,health,
telemedicine,entertainmentaswellasotherprivateservices.Ahighlightofthe
CSCsisthatitwillofferwebenabledegovernanceservicesinruralareas,
includingapplicationforms,certificates,andutilitypaymentssuchas
electricity,telephoneandwaterbills.
RecentInitiatives
DirectCashtransfer
TofacilitatedisbursementsofGovernmententitlementslikeNREGA,Social
Securitypension,HandicappedOldAgePensionetc.ofanyCentralorState
Governmentbodies,usingAadhaarandauthenticationthereofassupportedby
UIDAI.
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AadharEnabledPaymentsystem(AEPS):
AEPSisabankledmodelwhichallowsonlineinteroperablefinancialinclusion
transactionthroughtheBusinesscorrespondentofanybankusingtheAadhaar
authentication.Thishashelpedinfinancialinclusion.ThefourAadhaar
enabledbasictypesofbankingtransactionsareasfollows:
BalanceEnquiry
CashWithdrawal
CashDeposit
AadhaartoAadhaarFundsTransfer
DigitalIndiaprogram
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ThisprogrammehasbeenenvisagedbyDepartmentofElectronicsand
InformationTechnology(DeitY).ThevisionofDigitalIndiaaimstotransform
thecountryintoadigitallyempoweredsocietyandknowledgeeconomy.The
programmewillbeimplementedinphasesfromthecurrentyeartill2018.
TheDigitalIndiaistransformationalinnatureandwouldensurethat
Governmentservicesareavailabletocitizenselectronically.Itwouldalsobring
inpublicaccountabilitythroughmandateddeliveryofgovernmentsservices
electronically,aUniqueIDandePramaanbasedonauthenticandstandard
basedinteroperableandintegratedgovernmentapplicationsanddatabasis.
Theprogramaimsatprovidingdigitalinfrastructureasautilitytoeverycitizen
aswellashighspeedinternetasacoreutilityinallgrampanchayats.The
overallscopeofthisprogramistoprepareIndiaforaknowledgefuture,to
maketechnologycentraltoenablingchangeandtobecomeanumbrella
programcoveringmanydepartments
MyGovcitizenportal
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PrimeMinisterlaunchedanonlineplatformmygov.nic.intoengagecitizensinthetaskofgood
governance(surajya)ashecompleted60daysinofficeonSaturday.MyGovisatechnologydriven
platformthatwouldprovidepeoplewiththeopportunitytocontributetowardsgoodgovernance.
EKrantischeme
Thisisprojectforlinkingtheinternetwithremotevillagesinthecountry.This
schemewillbroadenthereachofinternetservicestotheruralareasinthe
country.Thefundamentalfeaturesofthisschemewillbemakingtherecords
handytothegovernmentwithease.ItalsoincludesExpansionofinternetand
commencementofITbasedjobsinruralareas.Itwillalsoboosttheuseof
mobilephonesandcomputersinruralareas.ItwillalsoexpandtheuseofITin
agricultureandretailtradetoo.
DigitalCloudforeveryIndian
Certificatesissuedbythegovernmenteducation,residential,medical
records,birthcertificates,etc.aretobestoredinindividualdigitallockers
andacommunicationprotocolestablishedforgovernmentdepartmentsto
accessthemwithoutphysicallyhavingtoseethehardcopy.Thepurposeof
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governmentisthatcopiesofcertificatesissuedbythegovernmentitselfnotto
becarriedaroundbypeopletogovernmentofficesforvariousservices.
Mgovernance
MGovernanceisnotareplacementforeGovernance,ratheritcomplements
eGovernance.MGovernance,istheuseofmobileorwirelesstoimprove
Governanceserviceandinformationanytime,anywhere.Mobileapplications
alsorelyongoodbackofficeICTinfrastructureandworkprocesses.Ithas
potentialofusingmobilephonesasinputdevicesincertainareaswherelast
mileconnectivitybecomesissuesforsimpledatainputsofcriticalimportance
fordecisionmakingingovernmentdepartments.
MGovernanceisnotanewconcept.Theprivatesectorhasbeengreatly
leveragingtheseofmobilephonesfordeliveryofvalueaddedservicesforthe
followingwhichhoweveraremostlySMSbased:Banking,Media,Airlines,
Telecom,Entertainment,News,Sports,Astrology,andMovieTicketsEtc.
Mgovernancehasincreasedtheproductivityofpublicservicepersonnel,
improvingthedeliveryofgovernmentinformationandservices,increasing
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channelsforpublicinteractionsandLowercostsleadingtohigherparticipation
ofpeople.
RecentthrusttomgovernanceisbeingprovidedthroughUSSD
ServicesUnstructuredSupplementaryServicesData(USSD)isasession
basedserviceunlikesmswhichisstoreandforwardservice.Itcanbeusedby
theusertosendcommandtoanapplicationintextformat.USSDactsasa
triggerfortheapplication
Governmentinitiativesformgovernance
MobileSeva
Itaimstoprovidegovernmentservicestothepeoplethroughmobilephones
andtablets.Ithasbeendevelopedasthecoreinfrastructureforenablingthe
availabilityofpublicservicesthroughmobiledevices.
MobileSevaenablestheintegrationofthemobileplatformwiththecommone
GovernanceinfrastructureconsistingofStateDataCenters(SDCs),StateWide
AreaNetworks(SWANs),StateandNationalServiceDeliveryGateways
(SSDGs/NSDG).
Itenablesagovernmentdepartmenttointegratebothwebandmobilebased
servicesseamlesslyandenhancestheaccesstoelectronicservices
tremendouslyleveragingtheveryhighpenetrationofmobilephones,especially
inruralareas
AMobileApplicationsStore(mAppStore)hasalsobeendevelopedby
DeitYaspartofMobileSeva.TheMobileGovernancePortalandthemApp
Storecanbeaccessedathttp://mgov.gov.in/.ThemAppstorecurrentlyhosts
over240livemobileapplications.Theliveapplicationscanbedownloadedand
installedfreeofcostonamobilephonebyanyperson.
Theproject,mobilesevahaswonthesecondprizeattheprestigiousUnited
NationsPublicServicesAwardsinthecategoryPromotingWholeof
GovernmentApproachesintheInformationAgeforAsiaPacific.
Afewyearsago,KeralalaunchedDr.SMS,anmhealthinformation
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system,forprovidinginformationonmedicalfacilitiesavailableinthe
localityoftheresident.
Goafollowed,withamobilegovernanceinitiativeforissuingalertsfor
receiptofgovernmentapplicationsandcomplaintsandstatustracking.
NextcameMaharashtra.Itadoptedasimilartrafficmanagementsystem
throughmobilealerts.
AlaudableinitiativelaunchedbytheGreaterHyderabadMunicipal
CorporationinSeptembertriestousetechnologyinamobilephonebased
IntelligentGarbageMonitoringSystemenablessanitarysupervisorsto
reportthestatusofcleaningofgarbagebinsthroughtheirGPSenabled
mobilephones.Centralisedreportsaswellasthoseofindividualbinscan
begeneratedwiththesystem.
Advantagesofegovernance
FollowingaretheadvantagesofEGovernance
Speed:Technologymakescommunicationspeedier.Internet,Phones,Cell
Phoneshavereducedthetimetakeninnormalcommunication.
CostReduction:MostoftheGovernmentexpenditureisappropriated
towardsthecostofstationary.Paperbasedcommunicationneedslotsof
stationary,printers,computers,etc.whichcallsforcontinuousheavy
expenditure.InternetandPhonesmakescommunicationcheapersaving
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valuablemoneyfortheGovernment.
Transparency:UseofICTmakesgoverningprofesstransparent.Allthe
informationoftheGovernmentwouldbemadeavailableontheinternet.The
citizenscanseetheinformationwhenevertheywanttosee.Butthisisonly
possiblewheneverypieceofinformationoftheGovernmentisuploadedonthe
internetandisavailableforthepublictoperuse.Currentgoverningprocess
leavesmanywaystoconcealtheinformationfromallthepeople.ICThelps
maketheinformationavailableonlineeliminatingallthepossibilitiesof
concealingofinformation.
Accountability:Oncethegoverningprocessismadetransparentthe
Governmentisautomaticallymadeaccountable.Accountabilityis
answerabilityoftheGovernmenttothepeople.Itistheanswerabilityforthe
deedsoftheGovernment.AnaccountableGovernmentisaresponsible
Government.
Convenience:EGovernmentbringspublicservicestocitizensontheir
scheduleandtheirvenue.
ImprovedCustomerService:EGovernmentallowstoredeployresources
frombackendprocessingtothefrontlineofcustomerservice.
Increasedaccesstoinformation:EGovernmentimprovesthe
accessibilityofgovernmentinformationtocitizensallowingitbecomean
importantresourceinthemakingthedecisionsthataffectdailylifeandsoit
helpsinempowermentofcitizens
Disadvantagesofegovernance
Electronicgovernmentsalsoconsistoncertaindisadvantage.Themain
disadvantageofanelectronicgovernmentistomovethegovernmentservices
intoanelectronicbasedsystem.Thissystemlosesthepersontoperson
interactionwhichisvaluedbyalotofpeople.
Inaddition,theimplementationofanegovernmentserviceisthat,withmany
technologybasedservices,itisofteneasytomaketheexcuse(e.g.theserver
hasgonedown)thatproblemswiththeserviceprovidedarebecauseofthe
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technology.
Theimplementationofanegovernmentdoeshavecertainconstraints.Literacy
oftheusersandtheabilitytousethecomputer,userswhodonotknowhowto
readandwritewouldneedassistance.Anexamplewouldbetheseniorcitizens.
Ingeneral,seniorcitizensdonothavemuchcomputereducationandthey
wouldhavetoapproachacustomerserviceofficerforassistance.Andalsoin
caseofruralpeople,itgivesscopeformiddleman,whodistorttheinformation.
Studieshaveshownthatthereispotentialforareductionintheusabilityof
governmentonlineduetofactorssuchastheaccesstoInternettechnologyand
usabilityofservicesandtheabilitytoaccesstocomputers
Eventhoughthelevelofconfidenceinthesecurityofferedbygovernmentweb
sitesarehigh,thepublicarestillconcernedoversecurity,fearofspamfrom
providingemailaddresses,andgovernmentretentionoftransactionor
interactionhistory.Therehasbeengrowingconcernabouttheprivacyofdata
beingcollectedaspartofUIDproject.Thesecurityofcyberspaceandmisuse
ofdataisstillholdingbackthecitizenstofulladaptationofAadharcard.
Challengesinegovernance
Therearelargenumbersofpotentialbarriersintheimplementationofe
Governance.Somehindranceinthepathofimplementation,likesecurity,
unequalaccesstothecomputertechnologybythecitizen,highinitialcost
forsettinguptheegovernmentsolutionsandresistancetochange.Challenges
identifiedastrust,resistancetochange,digitaldivide,costandprivacyand
securityconcerns.
Trust
Trustcanbedefinedalongtwodimensions:asanassessmentofacurrent
situation,orasaninnatepersonalitytraitorpredisposition.The
implementationofpublicadministrationfunctionsviaegovernmentrequires
thepresenceoftwolevelsoftrust.Thefirstisthattheusermustbeconfident,
comfortableandtrustingofthetoolortechnologywithwhichtheywillinteract.
Theseconddimensionoftrustpertainstotrustofthegovernment].
Therehastobeabalancebetweenensuringthatasystempreventsfraudulent
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transactionsandtheburdenthatextensivecheckscantakeplaceonpeople
whoarehonest.
Recently,confidentialinformationonmilitaryveteranswascompromised
whenacomputercontainingtheirpersonalinformationwaslost.Thistype
ofincidentcanerodetrustanduserconfidenceingovernmentsystems.Trust,
alongwithfinancialsecurity,aretwocriticalfactorslimitingtheadoptionofe
governmentservices.
Resistancetochange
Theinnovationdiffusiontheorystatesthatovertimeaninnovationwilldiffuse
throughapopulation,andtherateofadoptionwillvarybetweenthose
whoadoptearly,referredtoasearlyadoptersandtothosewhoadoptthe
innovationmuchlater,referredtoaslaggards.
Theresistanttochangephenomenoncanexplainmuchofthehesitationthat
occursonthepartofconstituentsinmovingfromapaperbasedtoaWeb
basedsystemforinteractingwithgovernment.
Citizens,employeesandbusinessescanallhavetheirbiaseswithrespectto
howtransactionsshouldbeprocessed.However,governmententities
andpublicpolicyadministratorscannotignorethechangesthatoccurasa
resultoftheimplementationofinformationandcommunicationtechnology
(ICT
Educationaboutthevalueofthenewsystemsisonesteptowardreducing
someoftheexistingresistance.Itcanalsobeparticularlyusefulforaleaderor
manager,tobuyintothenewsystematanearlystageintheadoptionprocess
DigitalDivide
Thedigitaldividereferstotheseparationthatexistsbetweenindividuals,
communities,andbusinessesthathaveaccesstoinformationtechnologyand
thosethatdonothavesuchaccess.
Social,economic,infrastructuralandethnolinguisticindicatorsprovide
explanationsforthepresenceofthedigitaldivide.
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Economicpovertyiscloselyrelatedtolimitedinformationtechnology
resources
Anindividuallivingbelowpovertylinedoesnotaffordacomputerforhimself
toharnessthebenefitsofegovernmentandotheronlineservices.Asthe
digitaldividenarrows,broaderadoptionofegovernmentinthepublicdomain
becomespossible.Economicpovertyisnottheonlycauseofdigitaldivide.It
canalsobecausedbythelackofawarenessamongthepeople.Evensomeof
theeconomicstablepeopledontknowaboutthescopeofegovernance.
Awarenesscanonlyhelptobringuserstothatservicedeliverychannelonce.It
cannotguaranteesustaineduseofthesystemunlessthesystemisalso
designedinsuchawayastodeliversatisfactoryoutcome.Proceduresneedto
besimplifiedtodeliverconcretebenefitsandclearguidelinesprovidedto
encouragetheirusebytheactualendusersandreduceusersdependence
onmiddlemen/intermediaries
Cost
Costisoneofthemostimportantprohibitingfactorthatcomesinthepath
ofegovernanceimplementationparticularlyinthedevelopingcountrieslike
Indiawheremostofthepeoplelivingbelowthepovertyline.Electedofficers
andpoliticiandontseemtobeinterestedinimplementingegovernance
PrivacyandSecurity
Therewillbethreebasiclevelsofaccessexistsforegovernmentstakeholders:
noaccesstoaWebservicelimitedaccesstoaWebserviceorfullaccessto
aWebservice,howeverwhenpersonalsensitivedataexiststheformationof
thesecurityaccesspolicyisamuchmorecomplexprocesswithlegal
consideration.Withtheimplementationofegovernmentprojects,effective
measuresmustbetakentoprotectsensitivepersonalinformation.Alackof
clearsecuritystandardsandprotocolscanlimitthedevelopmentofprojects
thatcontainsensitiveinformationsuchasincome,medicalhistory.
Conclusion
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Wehaveseenhowtheconceptofegovernanceandmgovernancehasevolved
inIndianscenarioandhowmuchitisrequiredfortransparencyand
accountabilityonthepartofgovernmentandatthesametimeitisalsoatollto
increasetheparticipationofpeopleinpolicymakingbyempoweringthemwith
therightinformationatrighttime.Thepenetrationofinternet,
telecommunicationservicesinIndiahasincreasedinthelastdecadeandthis
givesarayofhopetothecitizensofIndiatofightwiththelongpersisting
problemsofpoverty,corruption,regionaldisparityandunemployment.Butat
thesametime,duetoslowpaceofprojectcompletion,redtapeandresistance
fromthesideofgovernmentemployeesandcitizenstoohasnotgiventhe
desiredresult.
Related
InsightsDailyCurrentEvents,
31January2015
January31,2015
In"CURRENTAFFAIRS"
Tags: egovernanceinindia
19Comments
[InsightsSecure2015]
UPSCMainsQuestionson
CurrentEvents:09February
2015
February9,2015
In"Secure2015"
egovernanceinitiativesindia
INSIGHTS
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InsightsDailyCurrentEvents,
26December2014
December26,2014
In"CURRENTAFFAIRS"
egovernanceschemesinindia
AishwaryaSharma
SortbyBest
Jointhediscussion
SyenaSamdrs 6monthsago
Seaofknowledge.Whatagreatcompilationofallthefactsandpoints.Kudosto
InsightsOnIndia.
4
Reply Share
ShainaSingh 6monthsago
Notveryeffectivecoverage.Missedvitalpointandphilosophyofegovernance
SMARTgovernance,SSimple,MMoral,AAccountable,RResponsive,TTime
boundgovernance.
23/26
6/1/2015
boundgovernance.
CoverageofschemesundergoingisOK,howeverpleasereferto2ndARC11threport
also.
2
Reply Share
wellwisher>ShainaSingh 6monthsago
lookatthissuerheroorabigzero
doonethingexammeiapneekpointkolikhaanasamjhee
LOSERandIDIOT
1
Reply Share
HarshitBansal>wellwisher 6monthsago
Butherpointabout2ndarc11reportisvalid.Youarewritingupsc
andtheyneedofficialviewormentionatleast.
HoweverSMARTgovernanceconceptisdifferentfromegovernance.It
issaidthategovernanceshouldbesmartaswell,butSMART
conceptsholdstrueforotherformsofgovernanceaswell.
1
Reply Share
vineet>wellwisher amonthago
Plzdonotturnthisforumintoauglysocialmediaspot...whatkindof
personareu?suchascantregardformannerismasevidentinur
commentreflectsurpersonalityonly,preparationofthisexamismore
thanmaterialsuccessinlifeorinCSE,itisabout
vision,wisdom,empathyand
humility...iamnotlecturingubutsurelyuneedtomendurways
speciallyhowtobehavewithladies.
Reply Share
Ashmit>ShainaSingh 6monthsago
itwouldbeveryniceofyou,ifyouaddwhateverhasbeenmissed...ifyouthink
itisimportant.
Maybeyourpointswillmakethisarticlericher!!
Thanksinadvance.
Reply Share
Ranjith 6monthsago
nicearticle:)
1
Reply Share
Zombie 6monthsago
Vrycomprehensivearticle....awesome
1
Reply Share
raunak 6monthsago
24/26
6/1/2015
raunak 6monthsago
Excellent!!Indebtedtotheauthor.Godbless
1
Reply Share
liberty 6monthsago
Greatarticleforrevisingquickly
thankyousir
1
Reply Share
ROHITKUMARPATEL 5monthsago
excelent
Reply Share
SarojitPal 6monthsago
Canyoupleasegetridoftheimagesintheprintpage,paperconsumptionwillbefar
lesserinthatcase.
Reply Share
guest 6monthsago
Q:governancein'e'and'e'ingovernanceboththisstatementarecontractionallyor
similar.ellustrate
plzzzguysdocomment
Reply Share
manny 6monthsago
Nicearticle
Reply Share
bha14 6monthsago
welldone,insightsteam!
Reply Share
Tamil_Magan 6monthsago
Todayonlyreadyourarticlesforthefirsttime,amfollowingmrunal.org.Frommy
pointofview,heisbestatcurrenteventsandclearcuttopics.Youaregoodatthese
kindofcriticletopicswhichevenHinduFrontline...noonecanexplainlikeyou.Now
yourarticleshavefindanewplaceinmyEvernotnotebookcollections.Thanksalot.
Reply Share
Imkalam 6monthsago
thebest.
Reply Share
Ayan 6monthsago
Nicecomposition...Butifound1linetobeveryfunnyinurarticle...
Ingeneral,seniorcitizensdonothavemucheducation...
Haha...isthatso...
25/26
6/1/2015
Haha...isthatso...
Reply Share
Eklavya>Ayan 6monthsago
ItsabouttheirComputerknowledge....whatsfunnyinthat?Thatistrue
...justlookaroundyourselfinthesociety!
1
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