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Focus on Exam 18
fx
f
1250
=
500
= 2.5 [Shown ]
1 X =
X ~ Po(2.5)
2.5 x
P( X = x ) = e 2.5
, x = 0, 1, 2,
x!
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
Ei = npi
P(X = x)
Oi
0.0821
50
41
1.9756
0.2052
98
102
0.2427
0.2565
120
128
0.5000
0.2138
113
107
0.3364
0.1336
61
67
0.5373
0.0668
29
33
0.4848
0.0278
19
14
1.7857
0.0099
0.0031
10
10
0
500
5
7
2
500
1.2857
7.1482
H0 : Y is a Poisson random variable.
H1 : Y is not a Poisson random variable.
a = 0.05
v = 8 - 1
=7
02.05, 7 = 14.07
2
2
c = 7.15 < 0.05, 7
Do not reject H0. Y is a Poisson random variable.
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014
2 H0 : The playing time is normally distributed with mean 61.5 minutes and standard deviation
1 minute.
H1 : The playing time is not normally distributed with mean 61.5 minutes and standard deviation
1 minute.
X ~ N(61.5, 12); z =
x m x 61.5
=
s
1
Ei = nP
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
33
66.81
17.1100
225
241.73
1.1579
380
382.92
0.0223
280
241.73
6.0588
78
60.60
4.9960
6.21
0.7865
30.1306
a = 0.05
v = 6 - 1
=5
2
= 11.07
0.05, 5
2
c = 30.1 > 02.05, 5
Reject H0. The playing time is normally distributed with mean 61.5 minutes and standard
deviation 1 minute.
3 H0 : The number of defective screws per box follows a Poisson random variable with mean 1.
H1 : The number of defective screws per box does not follows a Poisson random variable with
mean 1.
X ~ Po(1) P( x = x ) = e 1
1x
, x = 0, 1, 2,
x!
P(X = x)
0.3679
0.3679
0.1839
0.0613
0.0153
0.0031
0.0006
Ei = npi
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
35
36.79
0.0871
44
36.79
1.4130
18.39
1.0480
8.03
0.1321
Oi
0.0803
14
1
3
3
0
2.6802
a = 0.05
v=4-1
=3
2
0.05, 3 = 7.815
2
c = 2.68 < 02.05, 3
Do not reject H0. The number of defective screws per box follows a Poisson random
variable with mean 1.
Oi
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
Oi
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
205
781(387)
= 202.1719
1495
0.0396
251
714( 499)
= 238.3183
1495
0.6748
182
714(387)
= 184.82280
1495
0.0433
328
781(609)
= 318.146
1495
0.3052
248
781( 499)
= 260.6816
1495
0.6169
281
714(609)
= 290.8535
1495
0.3338
a = 0.05
v = 6 - 1
=5
2
0.05, 5
2
= 11.070
D
o not reject H0. Age and sex are independent factors for insulin-dependent diabetes in
children under the age of 15.
(b) Let p = probability of male in the proportion of diabetics
H0: p = 0.5
Level of significant = 5%
X 400
200
Test statistic =
425.5 400
200
= 1.80
ince 1.80 > 1.645, H0 is rejected. It is conclude that there are more diabetics who are
S
males than females.
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
79
77.90
0.0155
81
82.83
0.0404
34
33.03
0.0285
6.24
0.0092
0.0936
2 = 0.0942
v = 4 - 1
=3
2
0.05, 3
= 7.85
(b) H0 : The data are random observations ~ Po(0 - 9)
P(X = 0) = 0.4066
P(X = 1) = 0.3659
P(X = 2) = 0.1647
P(X = 3) = 0.0494
P(X 4) = 1 P(X < 3)
= 0.0134
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
Oi
Ei
79
81.32
0.0662
81
73.18
0.4627
34
32.94
0.0341
5
6
1
9.88
12.56
2.68
3.4262
3.9891
a = 0.05
v=4-1
=3
= 7.815
c 2 = 3.99 < 02.05, 3
2
0.05, 3
Do not reject H0. The data are random observations of a random variable Po(0.9).
6 H0 : The data is normally distributed with mean 65 kg and standard deviation 15 kg.
H1 : The data is not normally distributed with mean 65 kg and standard deviation 15 kg.
Weight
Ei = npi
Oi
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
Pi(x)
0.982
3.79 15.86
11.09
0.2888
40 < x < 50
3 18
15
0.00982
0.0379
0.11090
50 < x < 60
25
21.09
0.7249
0.21090
60 < x < 70
23
26.09
0.3660
0.26090
70 < x < 80
18
21.09
0.4527
0.11090
80 < x < 90
90 < x < 100
100 < x
12
4 16
0
11. 09
3. 79
0. 982
0.0012
0.11090
0.0379
0.00982
x < 30
30 < x < 40
15.86
1.834
a = 0.025
v = 5 - 1
=4
2
= 11.14
0.025, 4
2 = 1.83 < 02.025, 4
D
o not reject H0. The data is normally distributed with mean 65 kg and standard
deviation 15 kg.
7 E(X) =
x f ( x ) dx =
0.2 x
e 0.2 x
0.2 x
)0 + e 0.2 x dx
= ( xe
0
dx
e 0.2 x
= 0
0.2 0
= 0 0
0.2
= 5 [Shown]
0.2 x
dx = 0.4512
0.2 x
dx = 0.1809
0.2 x
dx = 0.1213
0.2 x
dx = 0.0813
P(5 < X < 7) = 3 0.2 e
P(7 < X < 9) = 7 0.2 e
11
0.2 x
P(9 < X < 11) = 9 0.2 e dx = 0.0545
13
P(11 < X < 13) = 11 0.2 e
P(X > 13) =
13
0.2 x
dx = 0.0365
H0 : The data is from the same probability density function.
H1 : The data is not from the same probability density function.
Time (seconds)
0<x<3
3<x<5
5<x<7
7<x<9
9 < x < 11
11 < x < 13
x > 13
Oi
Ei = np
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
P(X)
26
19
16
15
10
45.12
18.09
12.13
8.13
5.45
8.1023
0.0458
1.2347
5.8053
3.7986
0.4512
0.1809
0.1213
0.0813
0.0545
14
14
0
3.65
11.08
7.43
0.7695
0.0365
0.0743
19.7565
a = 0.05
v=5-1
=4
2
0.05, 4
= 9.488
8 H0: The data is normally distributed with mean 48.7 and standard deviation 14.9.
H1: The data is not normally distributed with mean 48.7 and standard deviation 14.9.
X ~ N(48.7, 14.92)
b 48.7
a 48.7
<Z<
P(a < x < b) = P
14.9
14.9
Marks
Oi
0-9
Ei
0
19
19
10 - 19
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
2.15
12.50
10.35
3.380
20 - 29
30 - 39
40 - 49
50 - 59
50
47
125
132
36.85
84.95
126.45
122.10
4.693
16.954
0.017
0.803
60 - 69
70 - 79
80 - 89
100
27
0
76.45
31.00
9.70
7.254
0.516
9.700
43.317
a = 0.05
v=8-1
=7
2
= 14.07
0.05, 7
2
2
= 43.3 > 0.05, 7
Reject H0. The data is not normally distributed with mean 48.7 and standard deviation 14.9.
9 H0 : The data is normally distributed with mean 180 cm and standard deviation 3 cm.
H1 : The data is not normally distributed with mean 180 cm and standard deviation 3 cm
X ~ N(180, 32)
Oi
Ei = Pi
2
17
15
29
4.78
15.87
11.09
21.09
25
Height
x < 175
175 x < 177
x 185
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
0.0805
a = 0.05
v=5-1
2
0.05, 4
0.02218
0.04218
26.09
0.0455
0.05218
12
21.09
3.9179
0.04218
10
17
7
11.09
15.87
4.78
0.0805
=4
0.00956
2.9667
7.0911
P(X)
= 9.488
0.02218
0.00956
2 = 7.09 < 02.05, 4
Do not reject H0. The data is normally distributed with mean 180 cm and standard deviation 3 cm.
10 H0 : The number of babies born in I, II, III and IV quadrant are in the ratio 4 : 2 : 1 : 3.
H1 : The number of babies born in I, II, III and IV quadrant are not in the ratio 4 : 2 : 1 : 3.
Quadrant
P(X)
Oi
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
0.4
142
120
4.0333
II
0.2
52
60
1.0667
III
0.1
34
30
0.5333
IV
0.3
72
90
3.6000
9.2333
a = 0.01
v=4-1
=3
2
0.01, 3
= 11.35.
c = 9.23 < 02.01, 3
2
D
o not reject H0. The number of babies born in I, II, III, and IV quadrant are in the ratio
4 : 2 : 1 : 3.
11 X ~ B(5, 0.5)
Pi
0.0313
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
Ei = mp
0.1563
2
17
15
15.63
0.3125
31.25
( S 31.25) 2
31.25
0.3125
69 - S
31.25
(37.75 S ) 2
31.25
0.1563
12
15.63
0.0313
2
c =
O2
14
2
3.13
0.1651
18.76
18.76
3.13
1.2078
(Oi Ei ) 2
( S 31.25) 2
(37.75 S ) 2
= 1.3729 +
+
Ei
31.25
31.25
a = 0.1
v = 4 - 1
=3
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014
c 0.1,3 = 6.251
2
2
We reject H0 if c c 0.1,3
2
H0 not being rejected if c < 6.251.
2
(37.75 S ) 2
( S 31.25) 2
+
< 6.251
31.25
31.25
2S2 - 138S + 3.95 < 0
{S = 26.39 < S < 42.60}
The smallest value of S is 27.
1.3729 +
27(27.75)
60
26(24.50)
13(13.13)
31(32.38)
70
2(5.25)
5(2.81)
8(6.94)
15
8(6.94)
15
4(5.25)
Combine
24(21.00)
3(2.81)
10
160
Oi
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
24
21.000
0.4286
11.250
0.4500
27
27.750
0.0203
26
24.500
0.0918
13
13.130
0.0013
31
30.380
0.0588
10.500
1.9286
5.620
1.0079
16
13.880
0.3238
4.3111
v = (3 - 1)(2 - 1)
=2
2
c 0.05, 2 = 5.991
2
c = 4.31 < 5.991
Do not reject H0. The colour of a lost button is not associate with the schoolboys form.
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
P(X = x)
0.2231
25
22.31
0.3243
0.3347
31
33.47
0.1823
0.2510
23
25.10
0.1757
0.1255
13
12.55
0.0161
0.0471
0.0186
Oi
4.71
1.86
0.3112
6.57
1.0096
a = 0.01
v=5-1
=4
2
c 0.01, 4 = 13.28
2
c 2 = 1.01 < c 0.01, 4
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
13
15
0.2667
14
15
0.0667
16
15
0.0667
17
15
0.2667
0.6668
a = 0.05
v = 4 - 1
= 3
2
0.05,3
2
c = 0.667 < c 0.05,3
= 7.82
Do not reject H0. The number of cars of each colour is the same.
11
12
15 H0: The level of education and the opinion on the social issues are independent.
H1: The level of education and the opinion on the social issues are dependent.
Opinion on Social issue
Level of Education
Total
Agree
Disagree
University
468(1227)
= 441.72
1300
468(73)
= 26.28
1300
468
College
577(1227)
= 544.60
1300
577(73)
= 32.40
1300
577
High School
255(1227)
= 240.68
1300
255(75)
= 14.32
1300
255
Total
1227
Oi
Ei
73
1300
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
450
441.72
0.1552
547
544.60
0.0106
230
240.68
0.4739
18
26.28
2.6088
30
32.40
0.1778
25
14.32
7.9653
11.3916
a = 0.01
v = (3 - 1)(2 - 1)
= 2
c20.01, 2 = 9.210
Reject H0. The level of education and the opinion on the social issues are dependent.
16 In hypothesis testing, the significance level is the criterion used for rejecting the null
hypothesis. Test statistic c2 = 19.38
v=7
Reject H0 if c2 c2a, 7.
From table, c20.01, 7 = 18.475 and c20.005, 7 = 20.278 > c20.01, 7.
Hence, the smallest value of a is estimated as 0.05.
P(X)
0.3985
238.30
0.3666
219.23
0.1687
100.88
0.0517
30.92
0.0119
7.12
0.0026
1.55
(b)
Ei
241
238.30
0.0306
211
219.23
0.3090
104
100.88
0.0965
35
7
0
c =
(i)
2
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
Oi
42
30.92
7.12
39.59
1.55
0.5384
0.0020 0.1467
1.5500
(Oi Ei ) 2
= 0.0306 + 0.3090 + 0.0965 + 0.5384 + 0.0020 + 1.55
Ei
i =1
= 2.5265 2.53
6
(Oi Ei ) 2
= 0.0306 + 0.3090 + 0.0965 + 0.1467
Ei
i =1
= 0.5828 0.583
The value of test statistic obtained from the combined frequencies is very much lower then
the value of test statistic without combining any frequency.
c2 =
(ii)
(c)
H0 : The data fits the Poisson distribution with mean 0.92.
H1 : The data does not fit the Poisson distribution with mean 0.92.
a = 0.05
v = 4 - 1 = 3
c20.05 = 7.82
c2 = 0.583 < c20.05, 2
Do not reject H0. The data fits the Poisson distribution with mean 0.92.
18 H0: The educational level is related to the opinion on caning.
H1: The educational level is not related to the opinion on caning.
13
14
Education Level
Yes
No
Not Sure
(323)(290)
= 114.2317
820
213( 290)
= 75.3293
820
284( 290)
= 100.4390
820
College
323( 230)
= 90.5976
820
213( 230)
= 59.7439
820
284( 230)
= 79.6585
820
University
323(300)
= 118.1707
820
213(300)
= 77.9268
820
284(300)
= 103.9024
820
High school
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
125
114.23
1.0154
98
90.60
0.6044
100
118.17
2.7938
65
75.33
1.4166
68
59.74
1.1420
80
77.93
0.0550
100
100.44
0.0019
64
79.66
3.0785
120
103.90
2.4948
Oi
12.6024
a = 0.01
v = (3 - 1)(3 - 1)
= 4
2
c 0.01, 4 = 13.28
c20.02, 4 = 11.14
c2 = 12.6 < c20.01, 4, c2 = 12.6 > c20.02, 4
Do not reject H0 at 1% level of significant. But reject H0 at 2% level of significant.
19 (a)
P(X = x)
0.08
0.10
Oi
10
25
15
Ei = 50Pi
4.0
9.0
5.0
7.5
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
28.4444
0.15
0.25
12.5
4.5000
0.42
12
21.0
3.8571
0.0333
36.8348
(b) H0 : The data fits the probability distribution as suggested.
H1 : The data does not fit the probability distribution as suggested.
2
2
2
c 0.05,3
= 7.82. Since c = 36.8 > c 0.05,3, reject H0. The data does not fit the suggested
probability function.
20 (a) Cream A:
30 + 45
100% = 75%
100
25 + 65
100% = 90%
100
(b) H0 : The condition of a patient is independent of the type of cream used.
H1 : The condition of a patient is dependent of the type of cream used.
Cream B:
Patients
Cream
No Recovery
Partial Recovery
Complete Recovery
100(35)
= 17.50
200
100(55)
= 27.50
200
100(110)
= 55.00
200
100
100(35)
= 17.50
200
100(55)
= 27.50
200
100(110)
= 55.00
200
100
Total
35
55
110
Oi
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
25
17.50
3.2143
10
17.50
3.2143
30
27.50
0.2273
25
27.50
0.2273
45
55.00
1.1818
65
55.00
1.1818
200
9.2468
a = 0.05
v = (3 - 1)(2 - 1)
=2
2
c0.05, 2 = 5.991
c2 = 9.25 > c20.05, 2
Reject H0. The condition of the patient is dependent on the type of cream used.
(c) The result in (a) agrees with the calculation in (b).
15
16
21 (a)
Smoker
Long Ailment
Total
Mild
Severe
Light smoker
23
14
37
Heavy smoker
20
39
59
Total
43
53
96
(b) H0: The severity of lung ailment and the smoking habit are independent.
H1: The severity of lung ailment and the smoking habit are dependent.
Smoker
Lung Mild
Ailment Severe
Light
43(37)
= 16.5729
96
53(37)
= 20.4271
96
Heavy
43(59)
= 26.4271
96
53(59)
= 32.5729
96
Oi
Ei
23
14
20
39
16.5729
20.4271
26.4271
32.5729
a = 0.05
v = (2 - 1)(2 - 1)
(O
Ei 0.5
Ei
2.1198
1.7198
1.3293
1.0785
6.2474
= 1 (Yates correction)
c
= 3.841
c2 = 6.25 > c 02.05, 1, reject H0. The severity of lung ailment and the smoking habit are dependent.
2
0.05, 1
22 H0 : The normal distribution with mean 65 kg and standard deviation 15 kg is an appropriate model.
H1 : The normal distribution with mean 65 kg and standard deviation 15 kg is not an appropriate
model.
X N(65, 225)
Weight
P(X = x)
Oi
Ei = 100 P
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
0.2888
0.1109
15
50 < x < 60
0.98
3.79 15.86
11.09
0.2109
25
21.09
0.7249
60 < x < 70
0.2609
23
26.09
0.3660
70 < x < 80
0.2109
18
21.09
0.4527
80 < x < 90
90 < x < 100
0.1109
0.0098
11.09
3.79 15.86
0.98
0.0012
x 100
12
4 16
x < 30
0.0098
30 < x < 40
0.0379
40 < x < 50
0.0379
3 18
1.8336
a = 0.05
V=5-1
=4
02.05, 4 = 9.488
2
2
c = 1.83 < 0.05, 4
D
o not reject H0. The normal distribution with mean 65 kg and standard deviation 15 kg is
an appropriate model.
23
Oi
Ei
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
p-q
8 p2
=p
8p
q2
p
p+q
8 p2
=p
8p
q2
p
p-r
8 p2
=p
8p
r2
p
p+r
8 p2
=p
8p
r2
p
2p + q + r
16 p 2 = 2p
8p
(q + r )2
2p
2p - q - r
16 p 2
= 2p
8p
(q + r )2
2p
Oxford Fajar Sdn. Bhd. (008974-T) 2014
17
18
r2
(q + r )2
(Oi Ei ) 2
q2
= 2 + 2 + 2
2p
Ei
p
p
i =1
6
2 =
3q 2 + 3r 2 + 2qr
p
2
2
= 3( q + r ) + 2qr
p
=
3( q + r ) 2 4 qr
(Shown)
p
H : The rate of germination and the type of corn seeds are independent.
0
H1 : The rate of germination and the type of cord seeds are dependent.
Oi
Ei
20
30
29
21
51
49
25
25
25
25
50
50
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
1.00
1.00
0.64
0.64
0.02
0.02
3.32
a = 0.05
v = (2 - 1)(3 - 1)
=2
02.05, 2 = 5.991
2 = 3.32 < 02.05, 2
Do not reject H0. The rate of germination does not depends on the types of corn seeds.
24 H0 : The blood pressure follow a normal distribution with mean 128.46 and standard deviation
13.69.
H1 : The blood pressure does not follow a normal distribution with mean 128.46 and standard
deviation 13.69.
X ~ N(128.46, 13.692)
(Oi Ei )2
Ei
P(X = x)
Oi
0.0002
0.0186
0.0700
0
3 15
12
0.050
4.650 22.200
17.500
2.335
0.1795
0.2763
0.2557
0.1419
52
74
67
26
44.875
69.075
63.925
35.475
1.131
0.351
0.148
2.531
0.0472
12
11.800
2.625 14.450
0.025
0.166
0.0105
0.0001
4 16
E2 = 250P
6.662
a = 0.05
v=6-1
=5
2
= 11.070.
0.05, 5
2
c = 6.66 < c 2 0.05, 5
D
o not reject H0. The blood pressure follow a normal distribution with mean 128.46 and
standard deviation 13.69.
19