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Rear Axle
Preface
Contedo
Introduction
Function of differential.
Thrust bolt
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Differential.
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Tandem drive
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Introduction
The main task of the rear axle is to transfer driving power from the engine out to the wheels.
The rear axle consists of:
Rear axle-housing (1), which is made of cast iron and is to support and protect all axle
components.
It is bolted on the vehicle suspension.
Final drive (2) with helical gears that turn the driving power through 900.
Driving shafts (3) that transfer the driving power on to the wheels.
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Function of differential.
The differential has the job of adjusting the speed of the individual drive wheels while retaining the
total driving power. This is something that is very necessary because when the vehicle turns a
corner, the outside wheel has a longer distance to roll than the inside wheel, which means that it
has to rotate more faster.
If there were no differential and the two wheels where fixed together and rotated at same speed
when the vehicle turned, one wheel would have to slip to compensate for the difference in rolling
distance.
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Thrust bolt
The final drive has a thrust bolt which prevents the crown wheel from being pressed outwards
(away from the pinion) under loading. Under normal operation, the thrust bolt is at distance from
the crown wheel. It only makes contact with the crown wheel when pressed outwards in
connection with heavy loading.
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If the crown wheel has 30 teeth and the pinion 10 teeth the pinion makes 3 turns for each crown
wheel revolution.
As a consequence this will make the torque to increase 3 times.
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Differential.
The differential consist of:
Satellite (smaller) gear (1) 4 pcs, journalled on the spider (3)
Sun (larger) gear (2) 2 pcs, which run on two independent, drive shafts.
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The drive shafts are the part of the power transfer system that is subjected to the greatest
stresses provided the vehicle is not equipped with hub reduction.
The drive shafts are made of forged hardened steel. They are so tough and elastic that then can
be twisted nearly a whole turn before breaking off.
The inside end of the shaft is equipped with splines to enable it to mesh with the sun gears (the
large ones) and its outside end has a flange with holes for the wheel hub studs.
If the rear axle is fitted with hub reduction, the outside end of the shaft is equipped with splines
(1) that fit into the planetary gear in the hub reduction unit.
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It means that when a vehicle makes a turn, the inner wheel is subjected to a higher torque,
which reduces the inner drive shaft speed slightly.
This causes the satellite gears to start working and turn on their own axis, which causes the
other drive shaft to turn with a slightly faster speed.
This movement prevents the inner wheel to slipping when the vehicle makes a turn.
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Tandem drive
A heavy-duty truck is often equipped with a tandem drive, that is, two driven rear axles.
This results in less slip and enhanced grip. Tandem drive is most suited to operation that
requires towing of heavy trailers and for construction-site duties.
The front-most driven axle is equipped with a transfer gear while the final drive in the rear-most
axle is a standard single gear as described previously.
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