CLASSIFICATION and INDICATION and
NAME OF DRUG
MECHANISM of ACTION DOSAGE
Generic Name: Classification: Indication:
- CLINICAL: Analgesic
- Tramadol - Management of
Action: moderate to
Brand Name: - Binds to µ-opioid receptors, inhibits moderately severe
reuptake of norepinephrine, pain.
- Ultram serotonin. Reduces intensity of pain
stimuli incoming from sensory Dosage & Route:
nerve endings.
MODERATE-MODERATELY
Therapeutic Effect: SEVERE PAIN
- Reduces pain. PO: Adults, Elderly: 50-100
mg q4-6h.
RENAL IMPAIRMENT
For pts with creatinine
clearance of less than
30ml/min, increase dosing
interval to q12h.
HEPATIC IMPAIRMENT
Dosage is decreased to 50
mg q12h.
SIDE EFFECTS /
CONTRAINDICATIONS
- Acute alcohol intoxication,
concurrent use of
centrally acting
analgesics, hypnotics,
opioids, psychotropic
drugs, hypersensitivity to
opioids.
Cautions:
- Sensitivity to opioids,
increased ICP, hepatic /
renal impairment, acute
abdominal conditions,
opioid-dependent pts.
ADVERSE EFFECTS
FREQUENT: dizziness,
vertigo, nausea,
constipation, headache,
drowsiness
OCCASSIONAL: vomiting,
pruritus, CNS stimulation
(eg. Nervousness, anxiety,
agitation, tremor, euphoria),
asthenia (loss of strength),
diaphoresis, dyspepsia, dry
mouth, diarrhea
RARE: malaise, vasodilation,
anorexia, flatulence, rash,
blurred vision, urinary
retention
NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
Monitor pulse and blood pressure.
May cause dependence.
Avoid alcohol, OTC medications
(analgesics, sedatives)
May cause drowsiness, dizziness, blurred
vision.
Avoid tasks requiring alertness, motor
skills until response to drug is
established.
Inform physician if severe constipation,
difficulty breathing, excessive sedation,
seizures, muscle weakness, tremors,
chest pain, palpitations occur.
Dry crackers, cola may relieve nausea.
Palpate bladder for urinary retention.
Sips of tepid water may relieve dry
mouth.
 CLASSIFICATION and INDICATION and CONTRAINDICATIONS SIDE EFFECTS /
NAME OF DRUG MECHANISM of ACTION ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
DOSAGE

Generic Name: Classification: Indication: - renal insufficiency, - Slight gastrointestinal The tablets must not be masticated or
- CLINICAL: Antiurolithic persistent alkaline urinary disorders may appear which diluted. The active component of Acalka
- Potassium - Treatment of patients infections, obstruction of the can be palliated by means of is contained with a porous wax matrix.
Citrate Action: with renal lithiasis and urinary tract, hyperkalemia, the joint administration of As this was matrix is insoluble, it can be
- The aim of the treatment is to hypocitraturia, chronic respiratory or metabolic food. eliminated in visible form in the feces.
Brand Name: restore the level of the urinary formers of calcium alkalosis, active peptic ulcer, The active component, however, has
citrate and to increase the pH of oxalate, phospate intestinal obstruction, patients been released in the gastrointestinal
- Acalka urine to 6-7, and to this end, the calculia. submitted to anticholinergic tract.
dosage pattern are: - Uric acid lithiasis therapy, patients with slow
alone or accompanied gastric emptying, adrenal Must not be administered to patients
by calcium lithiasis. insufficiency. receiving potassium-sparing diuretics
Renal tubular acidosis (traimterene, spirolactone, or amyloride).
w/ Ca nephrolithiasis.
It is advisable to carry out an evaluation
Dosage & Route: of electrolytes (Na-K-Cl) and CO2,
creatinine and hemogram every 4 hrs.
- adjust the dose in
accordance with the It is recommended that the patients in
needs of the patient. If treatment with Acalka follow a diet w/o
necessary, the dose salt and increase the intake of fluids.
can be increased,
though it is not The recommended treatment in case of
advisable to exceed hyperpotassemia is: IV administratioin f
the dose of 100 mEq 10% dextrose solution, containing 10-12
(10 tablets)/day. units of insulin/1000ml. Correction of the
possible acidosis with IV sodium
bicarboate and hemodialysis or
peritoneal dialysis.
 CLASSIFICATION and INDICATION and
NAME OF DRUG
MECHANISM of ACTION DOSAGE
Generic Name: Classification: Indication:
- CLINICAL: Antispasmodic
- Hyoscine-N- - Spasms of the
butylbromide Action: stomach, intestines or
- Hyoscine stops the spasms in the bile duct
Brand Name: smooth muscle by preventing (gastrointestinal tract),
acetylcholine from acting on the including those
- Amucin muscle. It does this by blocking the associated
- Buscopan receptors on the muscle cells that with irritable bowel
the acetylcholine would normally syndrome (IBS).
act on. - Spasms of the
reproductive or urinary
systems (genitourinary
tract), for example
period pain cramps.
- Management of motion
sickness & other forms
of nausea & vomiting
Dosage & Route:
Adult & children >12 yr. old:
20mg IM or IV, repeated
after 30mins. If necessary.
CONTRAINDICATIONS
- Glaucoma, prostatic - Dry mouth, blurred
hypertrophy, tachycardia,
megacolon & mechanical
stenosis in GIT.
SIDE EFFECTS /
ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
Monitor pulse and blood pressure.
vision, reduced ability
to sweat, tachycardia, May cause drowsiness, dizziness, blurred
constipation, urinary vision.
retention, allergic skin
reactions Avoid tasks requiring alertness, motor
skills until response to drug is
established.
Inform physician if severe constipation
occur.
Dry crackers, cola may relieve nausea.
Palpate bladder for urinary retention.
Sips of tepid water may relieve dry
mouth.
Encourage oral fluids for constipation
 CLASSIFICATION and INDICATION and SIDE EFFECTS /
NAME OF DRUG CONTRAINDICATIONS ADVERSE EFFECTS NURSING CONSIDERATIONS
MECHANISM of ACTION DOSAGE

Generic Name: Classification: CHRONIC BRONCHITIS
- PHARMACOTHERAPEUTIC: PO: Adults, Elderly: 1
- Co-trimoxazole Sulfonamide/folate antagonist double-strength or 2 single-
- CLINICAL: Antibiotic strength tablets or 20ml
Brand Name: suspension q12h for 10-14
days.
- Bactrim Action:
- Septra - Blocks bacterial synthesis of UTI
essential nucleic acids. PO: Adults, Elderly: 1
double-strength or 2 single-
Therapeutic Effect: strength tablets or 20ml
- Bactericidal in susceptible suspension q12h for 3-14
microorganisms days depending on severity.
Children 2mos and Older:
8mg/kg as trimethoprim a
day in 2 divided doses for
10 days.
- Hypersensitivity to FREQUENT: anorexia,
trimethoprim or any nausea, vomiting, rash,
sulfonamides, infants urticaria
younger than 2 mos.,
megaloblastic anemia due OCCASSIONAL: diarrhea,
to folate deficiency abdominal pain,
pain/irritation at infusion site
RARE: headache, vertigo,
insomnia, seizures,
hallucinations, depression
Monitor daily pattern of bowel
activity/stool consistency.
Assess for overt bleeding, ecchymosis,
edema.
Monitor vital signs at least 2x a day.
Monitor for cough, shortness of breath.
Continue medication for full length of
therapy.
Space doses evenly around the clock.
Take oral doses with 8 oz water and
drink several extra glasses of water daily.
Notify physician immediately of new
symptoms, esp. rash, other skin
changes, bleeding/bruising, fever, sore
throat.