PROBLEM

State the pipe selection for

- Shaft Seal
- Brake and Jake Device
- Governor
- Head Cover
Relationship of
- Surface Area (pipe dia.) vs Air Flow Rate
- Surface Area (pipe dia.) vs Velocity of Air
DATA
- PnID of Pressure Air by BTU
A. Variable of Each Service
Service
Shaft Seal
Governor
Brake 'n Jack
Head Cover

P (bar)
7
6.3
7

Flow rate (ltr/min)

42
2520
75.6

DIN
15
20
15

Sch
20
80
20

B. Description of Services
DESIGN CALCULATION
COMPRESSED AIR CONSUMPTION, AIR RECEIVER & AIR COMPRESSOR
1

2
2.
1

2.
2

Air
>
>
>
>

consumption when governor is working maximum (per unit)

Piston working volume of one servomotor
Piston working volume of two servomotors
Oil working pressure
Air working pressure equal to oil pressure

:
:
:
:

20
40
63
63

>

Air consumption

2520

Brake
> Piston volume of each brake
> Number of brake pad (per unit)
> Brake working pressure

:
:

1.8
6
7

>

Air required for once brake (per unit)

75.6

Seal Belt
> Air consumption for service seal belt
> Seal belt working pressure

:
:

6
7

>

Air required for once service seal belt (per unit)

42

>
>
>
>
>

Total air consumption for once brake and seal belt (per unit)
Air receiver pressure before brake and seal are working
Air receiver pressure during brake and seal are working
Air receiver volume required
Air receiver volume designed

:
:
:
:
:

117.6
7.5
7
235.2
250

L
L
barG
barG
NL/secon
d

(normal litre)

Air receiver for generator brake (per unit)

L
barG
NL/secon
d
L/second
barG
NL/secon
d
NL/secon
d
barG
barG
L
L

(4~8 barG)

(assumed)

Main Air Receiver (MAR)

Each MAR supplies compressed air to 4 units of Turbine.
>
>
>
>

Total air consumption (for4 units)

MAR pressure before governor, brake, & seal work
MAR pressure during governor, brake, & seal are working
Air receiver volume required
Safety factor for Air receiver volume design
> Air receiver volume required
Air receiver design for prepare 4 turbine Consumption
Total time to supply air pressure consumption

:
:
:
:
:
:
:

10550.
4
75
68
1507.2
3
4521.6
5000
7.5

NL/time
barG
barG
L

(assumed)

L
L
Min

THEORY
Compressible Flow
To i Ti

V2
2Cp

.. ( 1 )

w
w
hx x h1 1 ho
2 gc J
2gc J

Property Relation for Isentropic Flow of Ideal Gases

Next we develop relations between the static properties and stagnation
properties of an ideal gas in terms of the specific heat ratio k and the Mach
Number Ma. We assume the flow is isentropic and the gas has constant
specific heat.
Po
k 1
2
1
Ma
P
2

o
k 1
2
1
Ma

k 1

k 1

.. ( 2 )

.. ( 3 )

By setting Ma=1
T*
2

To k 1

.. ( 4 )
k

P*
2

Po k 1

* 2

o k 1
Poi To i

Pi
Ti

k 1

k 1

k 1

.. ( 6 )
.. ( 7 )

General Equation
- Q V .A
.
- m .Q
Px
- x
RTx
RTx
- vx
Px

.. ( 5 )

.. ( 8 )
.. ( 9 )
.. ( 10 )
.. ( 11 )

Choked Flow. Means decrease of surface area, when critical pressure ratio the
mass flow rate reaches its maximum value and the flow is said to be choked.
By using the equations for quasi-one-dimensional flow and the isentropic
flow condition, we can derive a relation for the area ratio that is needed to
accelerate or decelerate the gas to sonic conditions. Under isentropic
conditions,

.. ( 12 )

.. ( 13 )

ASSUMPTION
- The flow through is under :

 Isentropic condition on a choked flow

Adiabatic condition on a same size pipe
Constant temperature along the pipe system
No heat input
No friction, so that pressure kept constant except required.
SOLUTION
1. Main Air Receiver (MAR) Small Vessel
Main Pipe of MAR to parallel pipeline.
In case to determine the surface area of narrow area, it is represented
whether diameter of pipe from the system vessel is DN40 Sch80
(d=41.2 mm). It means equal to 0.0412 m. It also defined the Mach
Number which describe the air velocity. Stagnation condition on
vessel kept constant by compressor, pressure (Po) and temperature
(To). By using the table A.13 of Fluid Mechanics (Author: Cengel).

Pt Po 0.93333is less than 0.5283 . By interpolate it depend on

value above, it is determined the derived value of

A
1.97225 . As
A*

derive diameter is decreased into A*= 6.75E-4. So that it is known the

diameter of smaller part is 29.34 mm. The pressure flow in the piping
system is 0.75 Mpa maximum, so that the pipe is DN32 Sch80
(Inside diameter = 32.9 mm).

Graphic 1. Variation value of velocity to inside diameter of pipe from Main Air
Receiver (MAR) to parallel pipeline.
Parallel pipeline
The pipe from the small vessel flow through to the both service unit,
seal belt and brake device. By using the same diameter of pipe, and
the required air flow rate, it is able to determined the velocity of each
service by using the equation ( 8 ).
Unit Seal Belt and Brake Device each unit
V

Q
0.1176

138.403 m
s

A
2
0.0329
4

Graphic 2. Variation value of velocity to inside diameter of pipe from Main Air
Receiver (MAR) to small vessel.

2. Small Vessel Brake and Shaft Seal Device Unit

Main Pipe of smaller vessel to parallel pipeline.
In case to determine the surface area of narrow area, it is represented
whether diameter of pipe from the system vessel is DN20 Sch40
(d=19.4 mm). It means equal to 0.0194 m. It also defined the Mach
Number which describe the air velocity. Stagnation condition on
vessel kept constant by compressor, pressure (Po) and temperature
(To). By using the table A.13 of Fluid Mechanics (Author: Cengel).

Pt Po 0.93333is less than 0.5283 . By interpolate it depend on

value above, it is determined the derived value of

A
1.97225 . As
A*

derive diameter is decreased into A*= 1.498E-4. So that it is known

the diameter of smaller part is 13.8 mm. The pressure flow in the

piping system is 0.75 Mpa maximum, so that the pipe is DN15 Sch40
(Inside diameter = 16.1 mm).

Graphic 3. Variation value of velocity to inside diameter of pipe from small

vessel to parallel pipeline.

Parallel pipeline
The pipe from the small vessel flow through to the both service unit,
seal belt and brake device. By using the same diameter of pipe, and
the required air flow rate, it is able to determined the velocity of each
service by using the equation ( 8 ).
Unit Seal Belt
V

Q
0.042

206.409 m
s

A
2
0.0161
4

Graphic 4. Variation value of velocity to inside diameter of pipe to seal belt

unit

Unit Brake Device

V

Q
0.0756

371.536 m
s
A 0.01612
4

Graphic 5. Variation value of velocity to inside diameter of pipe to brake device

3. Main Air Receiver (MAR) Governor Unit
unit
4. Main Air Receiver (MAR) Head Cover Unit