Tutorial questions and solutions for EEPS02 Overhead Lines

Q2. A 50Hz single-phase line consists of two parallel conductors 30cm apart. If each
conductor has a diameter of 4mm, calculate the inductive reactance of a 500m length of the
line.
Solution:
Using equation 8 in lecture note, noting that we assume the conductor is a round conductor
(given as diameter of 4mm in the question). Equation 8 is about how to calculate the
inductance of ONE conductor in a circuit. The inductance for the line is the sum of the
inductance of the go and the return conductors.

D
L c ( 0 0 log ii )
8 2
r
4 10 7 1
0 .3
[ log
]
2
4
0.002
0 .3
2 10 7 log
]
0.7788 0.002

1.052 10 6

X L 2 (L c ) l
2 2 50 1.052 10 6 500
0.33 ()

( H / m)

Q3. A 220kV, 3-phase, 50Hz overhead line is 50km long and consists of 3 conductor groups
a,b,c arranged in horizontal flat formation, with spacings ab=5m, bc=5m, and ac=10m. Each
group consists of two round sub-conductors spaced 20cm apart, and the radius of each subconductor is 2cm. The line is fully transposed.
(a) Calculate the positive-sequence and zero-sequence inductive reactance of the line per
phase
(b) Calculate the positive-sequence and zero-sequence capacitive reactance of the line per
phase.
Assume that the lines are at a height of 15m above a perfectly-conducting earth.
Solution:
For sub-conductors or the bundled conductor or stranded conductor please see the lecture note
page 8 to help in understanding the mutual GMD (geometric mean distance between the
conductor group and the imaging group) and the self GMD (geometric mean distance of the
conductor group).
(a). Refer to lecture note page 15, for the fully transposed line the positive sequence
inductance is calculated as
Deg

L1 0 log
2
D' s
For the phase conductor which consists of two sub-conductors (r = 0.02m) spaced 20cm apart,
the Geometric Mean Radius of the phase conductor is
'

Ds r ' d 0.7788 0.02 0.2 0.0558 (m)

Since the distance between the phase conductors is much bigger than the spacing between the
sub-conductors, the Geometric Mean Spacing of the three phase conductors is calculated as
Deq 3 ac bc ab 3 10 5 5 6.298 ( m)
For the fully transposed line the positive-sequence inductance is calculated as

L1

Deg
0
6.298
log
2 10 7 log
9.453 10 7
2
D' s
0.0558

( H / m)

X L1 (L1 ) l 2 50 9.453 10 7 50000

14.85

()

For the fully transposed line the zero-sequence inductance is calculated as

L0

3 D D D D D D D D D
0
11 22 33 12 13 21 23 31 32
log
2
2
2
3
2
r '3 d d d
12

13

23

0
GMD between condcutor group & image group
log
2
GMD of group

The distance between conductor and imaging conductor is calculated as

D11 D22 D33 15 2 30 ( m)
D12 D21 D23 D32 30 2 5 2 30.41 ( m)
D13 D31 30 2 10 2 31.62 ( m)

GMD between the conductor group and the image conductor group is
'
Dmc 9 D11 D22 D33 D12 D13 D21 D23 D31 D32

9 30 30 30 30.41 30.41 30.41 30.41 31.62 31.62 30.526 (m)

GMD of the conductor group is
'

Dsc 9 r ' d12 d13 r ' d 21 d 23 r ' d 31 d 32 9 0.0558 3 5 4 10 2 1.3034 (m)

'

D
L0 3 0 log mc'
2
Dsc
30.526
6 10 7 log
1.892 10 6 ( H / m)
1.3034
X L 0 (L0 ) l 2 50 1.892 10 6 50000
29.72

( )

(b). In calculating capacitance, there is no such a thing as r, which is used to include self
-inductance of the conductor. Therefore Ds rd 0.02 0.2 0.0632 (m)
For the fully transposed line the positive-sequence capacitance is calculated as

C1

2 0

Deq
log
Ds

1
10 9
1
36

10 9 1.207 10 11
6.298
18 4.602
log
0.0632

( F / m)

1
1

(C1 ) l
2 50 1.207 10 11 50000
5274.4 ()

X c1

For the fully transposed line the zero-sequence capacitance is calculated as

2 0

C0
log

D11 D22 D33 D12 D13 D21 D23 D31 D32

3

r '3 d 12 d13 d 23

2 0
GMD between condcutor group & image group
3 log
GMD of group

Dsc 9 rd 12 d13 rd 21 d 23 rd 31 d 32 9 0.0632 3 5 4 10 2 1.3586

C0

2 0
1

10 9 5.9467 10 12
Dmc
30.526
3 18 log
3 log
1.3586
Dsc
X c0

( m)

( F / m)

1
1

(C 0 ) l
2 50 5.9467 10 12 50000

10705.4

( )

Q4. A 3-phase fully-transposed overhead line is to be designed with a geometric mean

spacing between phases of 8m. Calculate the inductance per km, if a single round conductor
with a cross-sectional area of 200mm 2 is used for each phase. What will be the percentage
reduction in inductance if
(a) The phase conductors are split into 2 (twin) sub-conductors, with a spacing of 150mm?
(b) The phase conductors are split into 4 (quad) sub-conductors, arranged at the corner of a
square of side 150mm?
Assume a constant design current density.
Solution:
Under the balanced three-phase situation, analysis is carried out for a single-phase system and
positive-sequence inductance L1 is used as the series impedance of the line.

D eq ' 8 (m), S r 2

0.0002
0.008 (m),

For round conductor wire, D s ' r '

D eg

8
L1 0 log
2 10 7 log
1.432 10 6
2
D' s
0.00623

r ' 0.7788 0.008 0.00623 (m)

(H / m)

(a). The same current density means the same cross-sectional area. For 2 sub-conductors with
spacing of 0.15m,
D eq ' 8

D sa '
L1a

( m), S ra 2

ra

0.0002
0.00564
2

ra ' d 0.00439 0.15 0.0257

( m),

ra ' 0.7788 0.00564 0.00439

( m)

( m)

D eg
0
8
log
2 10 7 log
1.148 10 6
2
D sa '
0.0257

(H / m)

L1a L1
1.148 1.432
100%
100% 19.8%
Percentage reduction %
L1
1.432
(b). The same current density means the same cross-sectional area. For 4 sub-conductors
(quad) arranged as a square of side 0.15m,
D eq ' 8

(m),

S rb 2

rb

0.0002
0.00399
4

( m),

rb ' 0.7788 0.00399 0.00311 (m)

D sb ' 4 rb 'd d d 2 0.00311 0.153 2 0.062 ( m)

L1b

D eg
0
8
log
2 10 7 log
9.72 10 7
2
D sb '
0.062

( H / m)

L1b L1
0.972 1.432
100%
100% 32.1%
Percentage reduction %
L1
1.432
Q5. An 11kV unearthed single-phase overhead line is 12km long and consists of two
conductors of 12mm diameter spaced 0.8m apart in flat formation 6m above the ground.
Derive the elements of an equivalent capacitance network which will represent the line.
Solution:
D11 D 22 12 ( m), d12 d 21 0.8 ( m),

r 0.012 / 2 0.006

( m)

D 21 D12 12 2 0.8 2 12.0266 ( m)

|C21|*12000=0.0359uF

(|C11|-|C21|)*12000
=0.0647uF

(|C22|-|C12|)*12000
=0.0647uF

Q6. A telephone conductor (t) runs parallel to a 3-phase 50Hz power line (a,b,c) as shown. If
the power line carries a balanced 3-phase current of 1000A. Calculate the voltage (in
magnitude and phase angle relative to phase a) induced in a 1km length of the telephone
conductor. Assume a perfectly conducting earth.
Solution:

The mutual inductance between t and a,b,c will produce the inductive induced voltage will
appear on the telephone wire:
The distances between conductor t and phase conductors are
d ct 10 2 (15 5) 2 14.142

(m),

d at

( m)

22 2 (15 5) 2 24.166

d bt 16 2 (15 5) 2 18.868 (m)

The distances between conductor t and images of phase conductors are

Dct 10 2 (15 5) 2 22.361 ( m),
Dat

22 2 (15 5) 2 29.732

Dbt 16 2 (15 5) 2 25.612 (m)

( m)

V jX M I j 2 50 l M I
Ia
D D D
j 3.14 105 0 log at log bt log ct I b 1000
2 d at dbt d ct
I c

29
.
732
25
.
612
22
.
361
1
3

j 3.1416 108 2 107 log

log
log j
24.166 18.868 14.142 2 2

1 j 3
2 2

1 3
j62.832 0.2073 0.3056 0.4582 j
2 2

1 j 3
2 2
j62.832 (0.1746 j0.1322)
13.76217.13 (V )