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TABLE OF CONTENT
1. Background
2. Introduction
3. Renewable energy in Bangladesh
3.1. Biomass energy
a) Biogas
b) Bio-fuel
3.2. Solar energy
a) Concentrating solar power (CSP) technology
b) Grid-connected solar PV system
c) Solar home system (SHS)
3.3.
Wind energy
3.4.
Background
Government of Bangladesh has taken a systematic approach towards renewable energy
development. In line with the Government approach Bangladesh Power Development
Board formed the Directorate of Renewable Energy and Research & Development in 2010.
Since the very beginning of establishment the directorate is dedicated to keep a sign for the
enhancement of Renewable Energy use in power sector. There is a good scope for solar,
wind, biomass, and micro/mini hydro power generation in Bangladesh. Bangladesh power
development board (BPDB) has taken systematic steps for developing renewable energy
projects as well as implement and promote energy efficiency measures for the last few
years to achieve the target of the Renewable Energy Policy 2008.1
Introduction
Energy is the building block of modern civilization and prerequisite for sustainable
development. Global primary energy consumption is increasing with the pace of population
growth and rapid urbanization.2 The primary energy sources include fossil fuels oil, natural
gas and coal. Until 2020, it is estimated that fossil fuels will dominate 90% of the total
primary energy supply, if no breakthrough innovation would likely to occur.3 In the last
couple of decades, fossil fuel consumption increased dramatically. Primary energy
consumption was 8146 million tons of oil equivalents (Mtoe) in 1991, and reached 12,274.6
Mtoe in 2011.4 It is projected that from year 2011 to 2030, global primary energy
consumption will increase by 36% with an annual growth of 1.6%, in which fossil fuel will
1
dominate 88% of the total energy supply.5 At current production rate, proven oil and natural
gas will last for 54.2 years and 63.6 years, respectively.6 Explicit consumption of fossil fuels
also gives rise to greenhouse gases (GHGs) concentration to the atmosphere. Global CO2
emission was 19,074.5 million tons in 1981, which increased to 34,032.7 million tons in
20117 and global CO2 emission will rise by 85% from year 2000 to 2030.8 Renewable
energy sources such as solar, biomass, wind and hydropower are now considered, as
sustainable alternative mitigating climate change. At present, renewable energy accounts
for 11% of the total energy supply, and by 2070, the share will be 60%.9 Like others, energy
supply largely depends on fossil fuels in Bangladesh. Power crisis has become a crucial
issue for the past few years as power generation is largely dominated by indigenous natural
gas, which is now showing depleting trajectory.1011 In 2012, total electricity generation was
35,118 million kilowatt hour (kWh) out of which 27,795 million kWh was generated from 151
billion cubic feet (BCF) of natural gas.12 At peak season during summer, the country
experiences severe power crisis with an average 1500 megawatt (MW) net deficit.13 More
than 80% of the population resides at rural areas, and only 20% has interrupted access to
grid connected electricity.1415 In this duel folded power crisis scenario, renewable energy
5
could provide viable alternative mitigating present shortage and ensuring long range energy
planning. In recent times global investment on renewable energy has increased over 17%.16
In 2011, US$257 billion was invested. World's top oil importer China, invested $51 billion on
renewable technologies in 2011, which was higher than Germany, United States, India and
Italy.17 Developing countries are also showing similar pattern of development in the energy
sector.18 Like other developing countries, Bangladesh is also blessed with ample renewable
energy sources such as biomass, solar, wind and small hydropower. Thus, it is imperative
to utilize renewable energy sources as an alternative to depleting energy sources which
could lead to sustainable solution to present energy crisis and future national energy
security. Moreover, effective and efficient use of renewable energy can mitigate CO2
emission from conventional fuel energy mix in grid connection.19 Therefore, this study
attempts to address current energy scenario & prospects of Bangladesh and illustrates a
comprehensive review on explored renewable energy sources for its effective utilization
both in urban and rural areas of Bangladesh.
16
Erakhrumen AA. Growing pertinence of bioenergy in formal/informal global energy schemes: Necessity for
optimising awareness strategies and increased investments in renewable energy technologies. Renew
Sustain Energy Rev2014;31:30511.
17
REN21. Renewables 2012 global status report. REN21; 2012.
http://www.map.ren21.net/GSR/GSR2012.pdf.
18
Cato MS, Arthur L, Keenoy T, Smith R. Entrepreneurial energy: associative entrepreneurship in the
renewable energy sector in Wales. Int J Entrep BehavRes 2008;14:31329.
19
Nandi SK, Ghosh HR. A windPV-battery hybrid power system at Sitakunda in Bangladesh. Energy Policy
2009;37:365964.
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