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5.1
Overview
5.2
The ability to resist damage from impact forces is one of the major
concerns of material made up of advanced composite. Thus, the
fundamental of damage resistance properties of laminated composite has
been very useful for product selection and development. Drop weight
impact testing can provide following purposes such as establishing the
effects of stacking sequence of orientation on the damage resistance of
particular composite laminate prior to drop weight impact energy.
It also provide the relative values of the damage parameters for composite
with different constituents. The response parameters including damage
zone size and type of damage in the specimen.
5.3
A flat, rectangular composite GFRP composite is subjected to an out-ofplane, concentrated impact by using a drop weight impact machine with a
hemispherical impactor. The potential energy of the drop weight where it is
defined by few parameters such as mass and drop height of the impactor,
is specified prior to test. The damage resistance of the composite is
quantified based on the type damage and resulting size damage in a
particular specimen.
5.3.1 Calibration of Drop Weight Impact Test Rig
The drop weight impact test rig basically consist of 4 main components
including machine frame, guide rail, impactor and base plate. Figure 5.1
shows the drop weight impact test rig.
Machine
Frame
Guide
rail
Impactor
Base Plate
Angle
90o
of
Lastly, four toggle clamps were installed at the fixture base of the base
plate. The installation of the toggle clamps should be emphasized because
appropriate amount of pressure must be exerted on the specimen. The
Scale
specimen, sufficiently far from the edges of the specimen such that stress
at the edges do not interact during formation damage formation event.
There are specific drop heights set for each stack sequence of ply
orientations. The impactor is pulled until it reached at specific drop height
and then released so the impactor will be in free-fall motion. A speed
camera is set at the side of fixture base to record any rebound occurred
during penetration. The rebound height if any is then recorded. The travel
time of the impactor is recorded by using digital stopwatch. The travel
time is the moment between the impactor is released and just before the
penetration event. As mentioned earlier, any type of damage resistance is
quantified in terms of damage zone size and type of damage in the
specimen. Finally, all the parameters are observed, recorded and
tabulated.
Figure 5.5 Specimen is clamped on the Impact Support Fixture Base from
top view (a) and side view (b).
5.3
Test Result