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Exception to Rule 1: If the reported speech relates to some universal or habitual fact, the
Simple Present Tense in the Reported Speech remains unchanged; as
Direct: He proved, The Earth is round.
Indirect : He proved that the earth is round.
RULE 2.If the Reporting Verb is in Present or Future Tense, the tense of the verb in the
Reported Speech is not changed at all.
Direct: The servant says, Tea is ready.
Indirect: The servant says that the tea is ready.
Direct: The teacher will say, The boy is intelligent.
Indirect: The teacher will say that the boy is intelligent.
RULE 3: Pronouns and Possessive Adjectives, of the First and Second Person in Direct Speech
are changed into the Third Person in Indirect Speech.
1. Rama said, I am ill.
Rama said that he was ill.
2. I said to the boys, You should do your own duty.
I told the boys that they should do their duty.
RULE 4. In Reported Speech, the words expressing nearness are changed into words
expressing distance.
Now
becomes then
This
that
These
those
Here
there
Thus
so
Come
Today
go
that day
Tomorrow
Yesterday
Last night
Ago
before
Statements in the Indirect Speech are generally introduced by the Conjunction that.
Direct: You said to me, I do not think I can oblige you again in this way.
Indirect: You told me that you did not think you could oblige me again in that way.
2. Interrogatory Sentences(Questions)
In reporting a question in the Indirect Speech(1) The introductory Verb is changed to asked, inquired or demanded.
(2) Whether or if is used after such introductory verbs whenever the direct question admits of
one of the two answers(yes or no)
(3)The question mark(?) is not placed at the end of the sentence in Indirect Speech.
NOTE: In order to change an interrogatory sentence into a statement, always place the
PRONOUN before the verb.
(a) Direct: He said to me, What is your name?
Indirect: He asked me what my name is.
(b) Direct: He said to me, Do you want some tea?
Indirect: He asked me if I wanted some tea.
3. Imperative Sentences (Command and Requests)
In reporting a Command or Request in the Indirect Speech:
(1) The introductory verb is changed into request, beg, implore, entreat, order, command,
advise, threaten etc.
(2) The verb in the Reported Speech is put in the infinitive i.e. to + verb.
(3) Let is changed to should.
Direct: He said to me, Give me your pencil.
Indirect: He asked me to give him my pencil.