A Delivery on the Course of

Research on ELT I

Rida Wahyuningrum
English Department
Wijaya Kusuma University
Surabaya

The best method for collecting

information to demonstrate
relationships and describe the
world as it exists and are often
done before an experiment to
know what specific things to
manipulate and include in an
experiment.

It answers what is and what was the nature of a

situation as it exists at the time of the study and to
explore the causes of particular phenomena through
the collection of census data.

It is useful when it
is impossible to
test and measure
the large
population which
is the subject of
quantitative types
of
experimentation.

 Descriptive research may

be more analytic. It often
focuses on a particular
variable or factor.
Low on the "control or
manipulation of research
context" scale. It is nonintrusive and deals with
naturally occurring
phenomena.
The answer in a descriptive
research can no way be
definitive.

Set to seek out

accurate information
and adequate
descriptions of
activities, objects,
processes and
persons.

Describes what exists

and may help to uncover
new facts and meaning.
This approach is used to
describe variables rather
than to test a predicted
relationship between
variables.

Devoted to the
gathering of
information about
prevailing conditions
or situations for the
purpose of description
and interpretation.

Provides a knowledge
base which can be a
springboard for other
types of quantitative
research methods
because it maps the
terrain of a specific
phenomenon.

Contributes in the
formation of
principles and
generalization in
behavioral
sciences

Contributes in the
establishment of
standard norms of
conduct, behavior,
or performance.

Reveals problems or
abnormal conditions ;
and if correctly
interpreted, the data
gathered can provide
useful insight which
may lead to hypothesis formation.

1.Observational Method
2.Case Study Method
3.Causal-Comparative
4.Correlational Method
5.Developmental Studies
6.Survey Method

Gives researchers the opportunity to use

both quantitative and qualitative data in
order to find data and characteristics about
the population or phenomenon that is being
studied.
The data collection for descriptive research
presents a number of advantages as it can
provide a very multifaceted approach. Data
can include case studies, observation or
surveys and give several angles on the
information.

Confidentiality is the primary weakness of descriptive research.

Often subjects are not truthful as they feel the need to tell the
researcher what they think the researcher wants to hear.

Descriptive research also presents the possibility for error and

subjectivity. For example, when a researcher designs a
questionnaire, questions are predetermined and prescriptive.
Furthermore, the study may contain errors, as the researcher
may record what she wants to hear and ignore data that does
not conform to the research project's hypothesis.

1. Define a research problem

2. Write a research question

3. Review literature and select a sample
4. Select instruments and collect data

5. Analyse data
6. Report conclusions

Rida Wahyuningrum
English Department
Wijaya Kusuma University
Surabaya