Mark Scheme (Final)

Summer 2007

GCE

GCE Biology SNAB (6135/01)

Edexcel Limited. Registered in England and Wales No. 4496750

Registered Office: One90 High Holborn, London WC1V 7BH

PRE-STANDARDISATION MARK SCHEME UNIT SN5

(6135/01)
A2 BIOLOGY (Salters-Nuffield) June 2007
STRICTLY CONFIDENTIAL
Principal Examiner:

Mrs M Hamblin
42B Whiterow Park
Upper Studley
Trowbridge
Wiltshire
BA14 0EQ Tel.: 07818 001131
cmhamblin@hotmail.com

Team Leader:

Mr P Connell
2 Redwood Close
Ross-On-Wye
Herefordshire
HR9 5UD Tel.: 01989 563 280
paul@snippy-connell.wanadoo.co.uk

(1)

You must have provisionally marked 15 of every item ONLINE before the Standardisation
Meeting on 26/06/2007 in order to familiarise yourself with the Pre-standardisation mark
scheme.

(2)

At the meeting the mark scheme will be discussed and amplified. It will be amended in the
light of the discussion and of marking experience. Assistant Examiners will then be asked to
take part in an Agreement Trial. The marks will be compared and discussed. Scripts used in
Agreement Trials may be taken away from the meeting for reference purposes; these must
be destroyed at the conclusion of marking.

(3)

Within 48 hours of the Standardisation meeting, Assistant Examiners must mark fully,
ONLINE, a sample of 10 of every item in the light of the amended FINAL mark scheme which
you will be able to access ONLINE. Please note that you will not be able to mark any more
responses until after you have received clearance from your Team Leader, and any
differences are resolved.
Once clearance has been received from the Team Leader, you MUST start marking and all
your marking MUST be done by the contract completion date in your contract.

(4)
(5)

Further checks on your marking will be made by your Team Leader at any point throughout
the marking period to ensure that your marking is accurate.
Please contact the ePEN helpdesk for technical queries:
Online Associates Helpdesk
Telephone

0800 169 9202

Email

UKservicedesk@pearson.com

GCE Biology SNAB Assessment Contact Details

QDAM

Damian Riddle

Telephone

0207 190 5024

Email
Address

damian.riddle@edexcel.org.uk
Edexcel
5th Floor
190 High Holborn
London
WC1V 7BH

Exams Management
Coordinator

Assie Yamin

Tel

0207 190 4741

Email

assie.yamin@edexcel.org.uk
Edexcel
5th Floor
190 High Holborn
London
WC1V 7BH

Address

All claim forms to be sent to

Claims Control at Edexcel

General Principles
Symbols used in the mark scheme

Symbol
; semi colon

eq

/ oblique
{} curly brackets
() round brackets
[] square
brackets

Meaning of symbol
Indicates the end of a marking point.
Indicates that credit should be given for other correct
alternatives to a word or statement, as discussed in the
Standardisation meeting. It is used because it is not always
possible to list every alternative answer that a candidate may
write that is worthy of credit.
Words or phrases separated by an oblique are alternatives to each
other.
Indicate the beginning and end of a list of alternatives (separated
by obliques) where necessary to avoid confusion.
Words inside round brackets are to aid understanding of the
marking point but are not required to award the point.
Words inside square brackets are instructions or guidance for
examiners.

Crossed out work

If a candidate has crossed out an answer and written new text, the crossed
out work can be ignored. If the candidate has crossed out work but written no
new text, the crossed out work for that question or part question should be
marked, as far as it is possible to do so.
Spelling and clarity
In general, an error made in an early part of a question is penalised when it occurs
but not subsequently. The candidate is penalised once only and can gain credit in
later parts of the question by correct reasoning from the earlier incorrect answer.
No marks are awarded specifically for quality of language in the written papers,
except for the essays in the synoptic paper. Use of English is however taken into
account as follows:
the spelling of technical terms must be sufficiently correct for the answer to be
unambiguous

e.g. for amylase, ammalase is acceptable whereas amylose is not

e.g. for glycogen, glicojen is acceptable whereas glucagen is not
e.g. for ileum, illeum is acceptable whereas ilium is not
e.g. for mitosis, mytosis is acceptable whereas meitosis is not

candidates must make their meaning clear to the examiner to gain the mark.
a correct statement that is contradicted by an incorrect statement in the same
part of an answer gains no mark irrelevant material should be ignored.

June 2007

GCE Biology SNAB Unit 5 6135/01

Question 1

(a)

Maximum mark

medulla (oblongata)
1 mark

(b)

1. ref. to increase in rate of (anaerobic / aerobic) respiration ;

2. {increase in carbon dioxide levels / increase in {lactic acid /
lactate} levels / decrease of pH / increase in {hydrogen ions / H+} /
increase in carbonic acid} in the blood;
3. ref. to chemoreceptors;
4. {aortic / carotid} bodies or ref. to carotid {artery / aorta};
5. {cardiac / cardiovascular} centre (in medulla);
6. {more / increase in frequency} of impulses along sympathetic
nerve;
7. ref. to SAN / sinoatrial node;
4 marks
Total 5 marks

6135/01 June 2007

June 2007

GCE Biology SNAB Unit 5 6135/01

Question 2
(a)

Maximum mark
1. food (alone) leads to salivation, bell and food leads to salivation
(bell alone leads to salivation) ;
2. food unconditioned stimulus ;
3. bell neutral stimulus ;
4. salivation is the conditioned response ;
3 marks

(b)

1. (peck key / colour) by {accident / chance / trial and error /

random} ;
2. (correct key) obtain {food / reward} / (wrong key) receive
punishment ;
3. repeats behaviour in order to get reward ;
2 marks

(c)

1. all animals have common evolutionary origin / share genes / eq /

OR human and mammal brains are similar ;
2. {nervous system / neurones / synapses / neurotransmitters / eq}
work in a similar way in all animals ;
3. ref. to studies of {Aplysia / sea slug / chimpanzees (Kohler)} ;
4. details of {Aplysia / sea slug / chimpanzees (Kohler)} studies;
5. ref to limitations of animals in explaining learning in humans/eq ;
2 marks

(d)

1. (fMRI) shows which parts of the brain are active / eq ;

2. oxyhaemoglobin does not absorb radio signals / deoxyhaemoglobin
absorbs radio signals ;
3. active parts of brain absorb fewer radio signals;
4. rapid image production / 3D image ;
5. non-invasive / brain of living person ;
2 marks
Total 9 marks

6135/01 June 2007

June 2007

GCE Biology SNAB Unit 5 6135/01

Question 3
(a)

Maximum mark
1. {calcium ions / Ca2+} released from sarcoplasmic reticulum ;
2. calcium (ions) binds to troponin ;
3. (troponin) causes tropomyosin to move ;
4. exposing (myosin) binding sites (on actin);
5. myosin head attaches to binding site / cross bridge formation ;
6. myosin head {moves / nods forward / eq} ;
7. release of ADP and inorganic phosphate ;
8. actin slides over the myosin ;
9. (ATP causes) myosin head to detach ;
10. {ATP hydrolysis / ATPase} ;
5 marks

(b)

1. ref to prevention of release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic

membrane ;
2. similar shape (to neurotransmitter) ;
3. {binds / blocks / fits into} receptor on postsynaptic membrane ;
4. ref to {sodium ion / Na+ / cation} channels / hyperpolarisation /
permanent depolarisation} of postsynaptic membrane ;
5. no nerve impulses / action potentials / continuous action
potential / eq ;
6. inhibits acetylcholinesterase / breakdown enzyme /
(bungarotoxin) not affected by breakdown enzyme ;
3 marks
Total 8 marks

6135/01 June 2007

June 2007

GCE Biology SNAB Unit 5 6135/01

Question 4

Maximum mark

Immune suppression:
1. fewer infections / immune system most effective with moderate
exercise
OR
{too little / too much} exercise {suppresses immune system / more
infections} ;
2. fewer natural killer cells ;
3. details of changes (to cells) of the immune system after vigorous exercise
;
4. inflammatory response in muscles reduces (non-specific) immune
response elsewhere ;
Joint damage:
5. (articular) cartilage / patella / bursae / ligaments / muscle (fibre) ;
6. further details of damage ;
7. detail of how damage occurs ;
Benefits to cardiovascular system:
NB max of 4 marks from this section
8. moderate exercise lowers (resting) blood pressure ;
9. due to increased arterial vasodilation ;
10. improves ratio of HDL to LDL / increases levels of HDL / reduces levels
of LDL ;
11. beneficial effects of exercise on obesity / BMI ;
12. ref. to prevention (type II) diabetes;
Total 6 marks

6135/01 June 2007

June 2007

GCE Biology SNAB Unit 5 6135/01

Question 5
(a)

Maximum mark
(i)

1. (light hits) photoreceptors (on the retina);

2, impulses pass to the brain ;
3. ref. to sensory neurone ;
4. ref. to innate / inborn / autonomic response ;
5. impulses along parasympathetic nerve ;
6. ref to motor neurone ;
7. circular muscles contract / radial muscles relax ;
8. pupil {contracts /constricts / becomes smaller} ;
4 marks

(ii)

1. {faster / eq} impulses due to ;

2. myelin acting as an {electrical/ eq} insulator ;
3. ref to Schwann cells producing myelin ;
4. depolarisation only occurs at the nodes of Ranvier ;
5. ref. to saltatory conduction ;
6. need rapid response to protect retina ;
3 marks

(b)

1. visual stimulation is essential for visual development ;

2. ref. to critical window / critical period / sensitive period ;
3. ref. to visual cortex ;
4. growth of axons / formation of synapses / inactive synapses
eliminated ;
5. kittens less than 4 weeks old have not developed (visual cortex)
{connections / synapses}
OR
kittens over 5weeks old have already developed (visual cortex)
{connections / synapses}
3 marks

6135/01 June 2007

June 2007

(c)

GCE Biology SNAB Unit 5 6135/01

1. ref. to animal experiments helping to test {medicines /

treatments} / give greater understanding of the {human / animal}
body ;
2. ref. to utilitarian philosophy ;
3. expected benefits greater than expected harms / eq ;
4. reduces chances of harm when testing on people ;
2 marks
Total 12 marks

6135/01 June 2007