To investigate the effect of hazardous waste

that will be occurs to surrounding.

To examine the hazardous waste situation
which produce by communities
To identify the ways to treat and minimize
generation of hazardous waste

Hazardous waste are increasing each year.

The depletion of space for landfill.

No.

Category of Waste

Quantity of waste

1.

Dross/ Slag/Clinker/ Ash

364,425.95

2.

Gypsum

337,771.68

3.

Mineral Sludge

316,938.39

4.

Oil & Hydrocarbon

154,113.37

5.

Heavy Metal Sludge

120,793.29

waste that is left after coal is combusted

contains heavy metals
- arsenic
- lead
- mercury
- cadmium
- zinc, etc
If eaten, drunk or inhaled, these toxicants can cause
- cancer
- nervous system impacts such as cognitive deficits,
developmental delays and behavioral problems.
- heart damage
- lung disease
- respiratory distress
- birth defects

Ash from Coal

Plant

Thermal Plasma
Torches

Thermal Plasma
Furnace

Output : WaterQuenched Vitrified

Slag

Water Quench &

Scrubber

Synthetic Gas(Syngas)
Combustion Chamber

Heat Exchanger
Bag Filter

Stack

used for the treatment of a wide range of wastes including

liquids, solids and gases

The high heat flux densities at the reactor boundaries

lead to fast attainment of steady state conditions. This

allows rapid start-up and shutdown times, compared

with other thermal treatments such as incineration,
without compromising refractory performance.

Add limited quantity of O2, no fuel is combusted

Reducing environment

Prohibiting generation of Nox and SOx

Chemical

wt.%

Composition
CaO

28.2

SiO2

38.3

Al2O3

14.3

MgO

2.0

Fe2O3

9.0

Na2O

2.7

Cl

0.001

Ignition Loss

0.37

Water- Quenched
Vitrified Slag

Asphalt

Mixing

Selection Trial Gradation

Desired Gradation

Trial Paving

Aggregates

A ( with natural construction

aggregate)
B ( with water-quenched
vitrified slag)

5cm

10cm
20cm

Paving Area of
Asphalt Concrete
Pavement

Surfacing, Asphalt concrete (Additive of

water quenched vitrified slag, 5%)
Sub base (Additive of water quenched
vitrified slag, 10%)
Base (Additive of water quenched vitrified
slag, 20%)

Paving Depth and Additive of water quenched vitrified slag

Location

Pavement Density (%)

92.5

92.3

Stiffness (MNmm-1)

32.8

36.6

75

75

British Pendulum
Number (BPN)

66 wt% WaterQuenched
Vitrified Slag

Binder

Waste Ceramic

Mixing
Granulating and Molding
Drying at Room Temperature

Sintering at 900 C

Zn

Pb

Cd

Cr

Cu

Hg

As

Fly ash

1.5

5.5

<0.01

0.19

<0.05

<0.05

<0.1

Bottom Ash

<0.05

<0.1

<0.01

0.11

0.42

<0.05

<0.1

Waterquenched
slag

0.2

<0.1

<0.01

0.05

0.39

<0..05

<0.1

Asphalt
Concrete

0.14

<0.1

<0.01

<0.01

0.35

<0.05

<0.1

Permeable
brick

0.36

0.21

<0.01

<0.01

0.94

<0.05

<0.1

TCLP

5.0

1.0

5.0

0.2

5.0

In Malaysia, ash produced from incinerators

undergo stabilization or solidification to meet
Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure
(TCLP) before disposal.
This solution

prevents effect of hazardous waste exposed to

environment
the recycling of them as construction raw material
Reduce usage of natural aggregate
helps to reduce waste dispose and amounts of
landfill