Result

Experiment 1: Boys Law Experiment

Condition
Before Expansion
After Expansion

Types of Chamber
Vacuum
Pressure
Vacuum
Pressure

Pressure (kpa)
57.0
150.7
118.1
118.6

Temperature (oC)
23.4
24.1
26.3
22.6

Table: Pressure reading for both chambers before and after expansion

Experiment 2: Gay-Lussac Law Experiment

Pressur
e (kPa)
115
125
135
145
155
165

Trial 1
Temperature (oC)
Pressurized Depressurize
d
24.4
24.5
24.5
25.8
24.7
26.5
25.2
27.2
26.1
27.5
26.5
28.0

Pressure (kPa)

Trial 2
Temperature (oC)
Pressurized Depressurize
d
24.1
25.7
24.8
26.5
25.0
27.1
25.4
27.4
26.2
27.5
26.8
27.9

Trial 3
Temperature (oC)
Pressurized Depressurize
d
24.1
25.6
24.5
26.9
25.0
27.6
25.8
28.2
26.7
28.4
27.7
28.6

Average reading temperature

Temperature (oC)
Pressurized
Depressurized
115
24.2
25.3
125
24.6
26.4
135
24.9
27.1
145
25.5
27.6
155
26.3
27.8
165
27.0
28.2
Table : The pressure and the average temperature in pressurize and depressurize vessel

Pressure versus Pressurized Temperature (oC)

180
160
140
120
100

Temperature (oC)

80
60
40
20
0
24.2

24.6

24.9

25.5

26.3

27

Pressure (kPa)

Graph 1: The graph of Pressure versus Pressurized Temperature.

Pressure versus Depressurized Temperature (oC)

180
160
140
120
100

Temperature (oC)

80
60
40
20
0
25.3

26.4

27.1

27.6

27.8

28.2

Pressure (kPa)

Graph 2: The graph of Pressure versus Depressurized Temperature.

The pressure is directly proportional to temperature. Hence, the Gay-Lussacs Law is
verified.

Experiment 3: Isentropic Expansion Process

Condition
Pressure, PT1 (kPa)
Temperature, TT1 (oC)
Before Expansion
160.0
26.6
After Expansion
103.5
23.2
Table: The pressure and temperature reading in pressurized chamber
Experiment 4: Stepwise Depressurization
Before
Expansion
160

1st Trial
121.8

Pressure, PT1 (kPa)

After Expansion
2nd Trial
3rd Trial
131.3
126.5

4th Trial
132.0

Response of pressurized vessel following stepwise depressurization

134
132
130
128
126

Pressure (kPa)

124
122
120
118
116
1st Expansion

2nd Expansion

3rd Expansion

4th Expansion

Expansion

Graph 3: Response of pressurized vessel following stepwise depressurization.

Experiment 5: Brief Depressurization

Condition
Before Expansion
After Expansion

Pressure, PT1 (kPa)

156.0
109.5

Responses of pressurization vessel following of brief depressurization

180
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
Before Expansion

After Expansion
Pressure, PT1 (kPa)

Graph 4: Responses of pressurization vessel following of brief depressurization

CALCULATIONS
V1 (pressure vessel) = 0.02500 m3
V2 (vacuum vessel) = 0.01237 m3
Experiment 1: Boyles Law Experiment
Ideal gas equation, PV=RT. For Boyles law, temperature is constant at room temperature
Hence, R= 8.314 L kPa K-1mol-1, T= 298.15 @ 25C
From pressurized chamber to atmospheric chamber
a

For Pressure vessel

Before expansion = 150.7 kPa,
After Expansion = 118.6 kPa.
Then V1 and V2 is calculated
V1= RT/P1

= (8.314 L kPa K-1mol-1) (298.15 K) / (150.7 kPa)

V1 = 16.45 L
V2 = (8.314 L kPa K-1mol-1) (298.15 K) / (118.6 kPa)
V2 = 20.90 L
According to Boyles law:
P1V1=P2V2
(150.7 kPa)(16.45 L) = (118.6 kPa)(20.90 L)
2479.015 kPa.L = 2478.740 kPa.L
P1V1 P2V2 (proved)
b

For Vacuum vessel

Before expansion = 57.0 kPa,
After Expansion = 118.1 kPa.
Then V1 and V2 is calculated
V1= RT/P1
= (8.314 L kPa K-1mol-1) (298.15 K) / (57.0 kPa)
V1 = 43.49 L
V2 = (8.314 L kPa K-1mol-1) (298.15 K) / (118.1 kPa)
V2 = 20.99 L
According to Boyles law:
P1V1=P2V2
(57.0 kPa)(43.49 L) = (118.1 kPa)(20.99 L)
2478.93 kPa.L = 2478.92 kPa.L
P1V1 P2V2 (proved)

Boyles Law,
P1V1 = P2V2
(150.7 0.025) + (57.0 0.01237) = (118.6 0.025) + (118.1 0.01237)
3.7675 + 0.7051 = 2.9650 + 1.4609
4.4726 kPa.L = 4.4259 kPa.L
The difference is 0.0467
Experiment 3: Isentropic Expansion Process

k1
)
k

T 2 P2
=
T1
P1

T2/T1 = (P2 / P1)(k-1 / k)

(23.2) / (26.6) = [(103.5) / (160.0)](k-1 / k)
0.8722 = (0.6469) (k-1 / k)
ln 0.8722 = [(k-1)/ k] ln 0.6469
-0.1367 = [(k-1)/k](-0.4356)
0.3138 = [(k-1)/k]
k = 1.4573
The difference is (1.4573-1.4) x 100 = 5.73%
Where
actual k = 1.4
theoretical k = 1.4573

Discussion
Boyles law stated that the gas pressure is inversely proportional to the volume of the
container with constant temperature. The boyles law relationship is expressed as P 1V1=P2V2
(Boyle's Law - pressure, 2012). The conducted experiment of the gas movement from
pressurized chamber to atmospheric give the initial reading of pressure is 150.7 kPa and after the
expansion is 118.6 kPa. While for the vacuum vessel, the initial reading is 57.0 kPa and the after
expansion reading is 118.1 kPa. The calculated result shows that the PV value before and after
the expansion are 4.4726 kPa.L and 4.4259 kPa.L respectively. The difference of both reading is
only about 0.05 which then can be stated that the boyles law is verified.
Gay-Lussacs Law stated that the pressure is directly proportional to the temperature
(Gay-Lussacs Law, n.d.). In order to investigate this statement the experiment 2 was conducted
and the data collected is tabulated. The graph then plotted by using the tabulated data which give
a verification of the exact pattern as stated by gay-lussac law which is as the temperature

increased, the pressure of the chamber increased. This is because of the heat energy of the system
transfer its energy into the molecule of gas that increase the frequency of collision in that
container which then exerted more pressure.
Isentropic Expansion Process occur when the system is reversible and adiabatic which
is no heat will be transferred in or out and no energy transformation occur. From the recorded
data the k constant is determined to be 1.4573 and it is observed that both temperature and
pressure of the gas before expansion were higher compared to the temperature after the
expansion. The process was then said to be isentropic as the expanding gas does not exchange
the heat with the surrounding throughout the process (Ahrens, 1967). It then further verified with
the calculation that give the different of only 5.73% which prove the process is isentropic.
Stepwise depressurization is a strategy to adopt an equal time-stepwise depressurization
approach. This study help in yielding more reliable result for a reference in the production sector
industries. The molecule in the chamber affected when the number of them decreasing slowly as
they do not have to collide between them often. The plotted graph shows two different pattern
which are the pressure increase with time and also decrease with time. This might be caused by
the error of time setting in conducting the experiment as the opened valve need to instantly
closed directly after it is fully opened. However, at certain time the data give a pattern that
follows directly with the theory which is the pressure is decreased as the temperature decreased
in the system.
Brief depressurization is conducted in order to investigate the response of the
pressurized vessel following a brief depressurization. The pressure reading is compared between
before and after the valve is opened. The pressure reading before the valve opened was 156.0
kPa and after the valve opened for a few second, the valve is closed back and the pressure
recorded is 109.5 kPa. The graph then plotted and the pattern shows a linearly decreased graph
with the decreasing value of 46.5 kPa. This is due to the expansion that occur when the pressure
of gas increased and the pressure will decreased as the gas free to flow.

References
Ahrens, M. C. (1967). Thermodynamic of the Adiabatic Expansion of a Mixture of Two
Phases. American Journal of Physics, 1-5.
BOYLE'S LAW - (PRESSURE). (2012). BASIC GAS LAWS, 1-4.
Edmund Y. Ting, C. L. (2009). Systems and methods to slowly reduce the pressure in
a pressure chamber over time . 1-2.
GAY-LUSSACS LAW. (n.d.). THE GAS LAWS, 2.