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it is expected that
the organized retail will account for more than 7.5% of the market by 2013. The
organized retail
with modern supply chain and temperature controlled stocking will lead to increa
sed distribution
of imported foods, branded foods and processed foods etc.
Challenges Faced
The Indian food processing industry currently faces a lot of challenges addressi
ng current gaps in the
value chain as well as leveraging on various advantages the country provides. In
vestors in the sector
need to be aware of these factors and build required capabilities in their busin
ess to ensure success.
Fragmented Supply Base - Indian agriculture is predominantly a production driven
market supply
instead of market driven production, leading to inconsistency in quality of prod
uce and supply.
With more than 70% of the landholding smaller than 1.5 hectares, the average lan
d holding in
India is very small leading to poor economy of scale for the farmers to apply mo
dern techniques
in their farms.
Poor Quality Control - Though Indian growers and exporters have now been able to
match up to
global standards, meeting these standards with up-scaled production will be big
challenge. The
challenge becomes much bigger where there are differences in standards and consu
mer
preferences across potential markets. The issues of traceability in fresh produc
e and poor
hygiene generated infections in packaged foods need to be addressed.
Inadequate Infrastructure and Supply Chain - While India is the leading producer
of many of the
crops in the world, nearly 25% to 35% of this production is spoiled due to the l
ack of inadequate
supply chain and poor infrastructure. Non-availability of core infrastructure li
ke high-tech
controlled production facilities, grading, packaging, cold chains, logistics, wa
rehousing, integrated
processing units, inefficient supply chain, poor transportation and erratic powe
r supply are the
major concerns in the country. Also, there are very few specialized distribution
companies,
providing refrigerated transport and warehousing for perishable produce/ process
ed food
products.
Food Regulations and Taxation Issues - Both the Indian food industry and the pro
cessing industry
are governed by multiple legislations. Though many initiatives have already been
taken by the
Government, there is still need and scope for harmonization of taxation norms an
d systems
across the country.
Limited Market Linkages - The food value chain in India is highly fragmented lea
ding to poor
quality, lower price realization and increased wastage of produce at the farm le
vel. Improvement
in the marketing infrastructure and also identification of new export markets fo
r their produce, are
the two major issues facing the industry.
this sector
Questions:
a) Agriculture sector contributes approximately 17% to the GDP of India. It is h
ence one of the thrust
sectors for promoting exports. Discuss the nature and composition of exports fro
m your
respective country?
b) The article above mentions several growth drivers for India s food processing I
ndustry. Briefly
describe the factors that are likely to influence the growth of food processing
industry in your
respective country?
c) Outline the challenges faced by Indian food processing industry?
d) Discuss the initiatives taken by Indian government to promote the growth of f
ood processing
industry?
Assignment C
1) The Foreign Trade Policy in India is announced by
A. Ministry of Finance, Government of India
B. Ministry of Commerce, Government of India
C. Ministry of External Affairs, Government of India
D. Director General of Foreign Trade
2) Which of the following is NOT a part of the European Union?
A. France
B. Germany
C. Iceland
D. Slovenia
3) Focus LAC programme lays emphasis on India s major trading partners. The major
trading partners
include:
A. Brazil, Venezuela, Chile
B. Argentina, Peru, Colombia
C. Bahamas, Trinidad, Ecuador
D. All of the above
4) Export Promotion Capital Goods (EPCG) Scheme is for:
A. Import of Raw Materials by Manufacturers
B. Import of Capital Goods by Manufacturers and Merchant Exporters
C. Export of Capital Goods by Manufacturers only
D. Export and Import of Capital Goods by merchant as well as manufacturers
5) APEDA is associated with:
A. Promotion of agriculture and improving agricultural practices
B. Promotion of exports of packaged products from India
C. Promotion of exports agricultural and processed food products
D. Promotion of exports of organic agricultural products from India
6) Foreign Trade (Development and Regulation) Act, was introduced in:
A. 1991
B. 1992
C. 2002
D. 2004
7) DGCI&S is:
A. Director General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
B. Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence and Statistics
C. Director General of Central Improvement and States
D. None of the above
8) The objectives of Foreign Trade Policy 2004-2009 were:
A. To double India's percentage share of global merchandise trade by 2009; and
B. To act as an effective instrument of economic growth by giving a thrust to em
ployment
generation, especially in semi-urban and rural areas
C. Both A and B
maintenance of
units
B. Exemption from export commitments
C. Exemption from Central Sales Tax
D. Exemption from Service Tax
19) Which of these is the correct combination for minimum area requirements for
setting up a SEZ?
1 IT/ITES/handicrafts SEZ Bio-technology/ nonconventional
energy/gems and jewellery Sector
A 100 hectares
2 Sector Specific SEZ B 40 hectares
3 FTWZ C 1000 hectares
4 Multi Sector SEZ D 10 hectares
A. 1A; 2B; 3C; 4D
B. 1D; 2A; 3B; 4C
C. 1C; 2A; 3D; 4B
D. 1A; 2D; 3B; 4C
20) Export Credit Guarantee Corporation (ECGC) provides the following types of c
over to the exporters?
A. Standard policies
B. Special policies
C. Financial guarantees
D. All of the above
21) The functions of India Trade Promotion Organisation (ITPO) include:
A. Providing information and market intelligence to the business community
B. Issuing insurance policies to exporters
C. Financing India s imports and exports
D. Providing financial guarantees to banks against the risks involved in providi
ng credit to exporters
22) Indian Institute of Foreign Trade (IIFT) is located in?
A. New Delhi
B. Kolkata
C. New Delhi and Kolkata
D. None of the above
23) The products covered by APEDA include all, EXCEPT:
A. Meat and meat products
B. Seafood and marine products
C. Poultry and poultry products
D. Dairy products
24) There are 19 Export Promotion Councils. The products which are not covered b
y Export Promotion
Councils are?
A. Basic Chemicals, Pharmaceuticals and Cosmetics
B. Gems and Jewellery, Leather and Leather goods
C. Coffee, Tea, Spices
D. Electronics & Computer software Engineering
25) The objectives of the Export Promotion Council for EOUs and SEZs (EPCES) are
:
To promote exports from India and to earn more foreign exchange for the country.
To facilitate interaction between the exporting community and government both at
the Central and
State level
To canalize financial assistance rendered by the Central Government to members f
or assisting
their export market development efforts.
All of the above
None of the above
26) Asia's first Export Processing Zone (EPZ) was set up in:
A. Mumbai in 1965
B. Kandla in 1965
C. Chennai in 1965
D. Kolkata in 1965
27) Which of these are the purposes of setting up EOU s/ SEZs:
A. Promotion of investment - from domestic and foreign sources
B. Creating employment opportunities
C. Developing infrastructure facilities
D. All of the above
E. None of the above
28) Exports and Imports come under the purview of:
A. Ministry of Finance
B. Ministry of Commerce
C. Ministry of External Affairs
D. Ministry of International Affairs
29) Which one of the following is not a cause but a consequence of Globalisation
?
A. Deregulation abroad
B. Integration of Markets
C. Greater institutionalization abroad
D. Greater Risk Exposure
30) An OBU set up in SEZ by a bank in India is subject to:
A. CRR/SLR stipulation of RBI
B. No Capital Adequacy Norms
C. No CRR/SLR stipulation of RBI
D. No restrictions from Government of India.
31) If a country is having more exports than imports in value terms, it can be s
aid that the country is
having:
A. BOP crisis
B. Deficit under BOT
C. Surplus under BOT
D. Surplus under BOP
32) An appreciation of the Rupee relative to the US Dollar would be expected to
have which of the
following effects?
A. Increase US exports to India
B. Increase US imports from India
C. Raise the cost to Americans for Indian imports
D. Create Balance of Payments surplus for India
33) India is among the 15 leading exporters of agricultural products in the worl
d. It had a share of ____
per cent in world trade in agriculture in 2008.
A. 1.2
B. 0.76
C. 1.6
D. 1.8
34) The largest importer of agricultural products in 2008 was ____________?
A. European Union (27)
B. United States
C. Japan
D. China
35) The largest exporter of agricultural products in 2008 was ____________?
A. European Union (27)
B. United States
C. Brazil
D. Canada
36) Consumer food industry does not include:
A. packaged foods
B. packaged drinking water
C. alcoholic beverages
D. fresh fruits and vegetables