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Getting Started-GSM
Version 3.1.0
Forsk China
May 2011
Table of Contents
1
2
3
Introduction......................................................................................................... 3
Installation........................................................................................................... 4
Sequence of operations................................................................................... 8
3.1
New project .............................................................................................11
3.2
Setting a coordinate system................................................................... 13
3.3
Import of 3D maps................................................................................. 18
3.3.1
3.3.2
3.3.3
3.4
3.5
3.6
3.7
Preliminary work...........................................................................................107
Propagation calculation, interference matrix, and prediction plot creation ...113
3.8
3.9
3.10
3.10.1
3.10.2
3.10.3
3.10.4
3.11
3.12
3.12.1
3.12.2
3.13
Search Tool....................................................................................................201
Tx-Tx Interference Tool ................................................................................203
3.13.1
3.13.2
3.13.3
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User configuration.........................................................................................208
Separate the path loss data.............................................................................210
Tips and tricks ...............................................................................................210
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1 Introduction
This document explains the entire process from the import of network data in Atoll to the
production of prediction studies. The purpose of this document is to give an overall understanding
for radio engineers, who never use Atoll.
This document does not explain the algorithm and dont give detailed explanation. The user may
find in the Technical Reference Guide and User Manual the concrete algorithm and the detailed
explanation of parameters.
The user may find all projects and map data in the CD, which was provided with this document.
This document describes how to get started using the Atoll version 3.1.0.
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2 Installation
The installation of Atoll is simple and needs an administrator profile.
1 The naming structure of the Atoll installation file is generally: version number.language.build
number.exe, as shown bellow.
3 In the appeared dialog box, click on the next button and choose the installation directory (the
default path is C:\Program File\Forsk\Atoll). The minimum requirement for the installation of
Atoll is a disk space of 111.9 MB.
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4 In the 3rd window the user may choose Full installation, Compact installation or Custom
installation and select the modules. The recommendation for a first installation of Atoll is Full
installation. Later update of Atoll doesnt need to install again the dongle driver for fixed
license. If the user wants to desinstall an old version before the installation of a new one, the
dongle driver has to be installed again. In case of Full installation, the required disk space of
126.9MB.
5 In the 4th window, fill in the Domain, Username and Password fields. If the user dont
choose previously Atoll calculation server, then he doesnt need to fill in any information.
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6 Click on the Next button to start the installation of Atoll. After the installation, the computer
needs to be restarted.
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3 Sequence of operations
This following document presents how to establish an Atoll GSM/GPRS/EGPRS project and to
carry out coverage predictions, traffic modelling and production of reports:
1 Start a new project.
2 Import of 3D maps.
3 Setting the coordinate system.
4 Import of network data.
5 Propagation model selection and calibration.
6 Path loss calculation.
7 Interference matrix calculation.
8 Traffic Modelling.
9 Telephone traffic analysis.
10 Neighbours allocation.
11 Frequency planning.
12 Calculation of prediction studies.
13 Production of reports.
The operation flow chart is represented in the following figure (dashed line frames may be chosen
or not).
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Start
Import of 3D maps
SPM model
selected?
N
CW drive test
Site table
Network parameters
setting (HSN, BSIC,
HCS, time slot)
Model calibration
Equipments setting
(GPRS/EGPRS, code, TRX)
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Traffic model
adjustment
Traffic modeling
Environments
User profile
Terminals
GSM/GPRS/EGPRS
parameters setting
Traffic map
setting
Mobility types
Services
Telephone traffic
Dimensioning
model
Y
Does the traffic
model satisfy?
Neighbours allocation
Frequency planning
Calculation
Do the calculation
results satisfy?
Y
Export the calculation results
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or select File->New.
The project templates dialog box will appear. Choose GSM/GPRS/EGPRS template.
Atoll opens a blank GSM/GPRS/EGPRS project. The new project already includes the default
antenna database.
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Explorer
Window
Map Window
The Atoll main window contains an Explorer Window and a Map Window, as seen in the figure
above.
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In the appeared Properties dialog box, the Projection and Display can be defined in the
Coordinate systems frame.
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First set the projection system (it can be known by reading the file projection.txt in the
heights folder). For the demo project the projection system is WGS 84 UTM zone 31N.
, open Coordinate systems dialog box
Click on the right side of the Projection field on
and choose WGS84 UTM zones in the Find in box.
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ellipsoidal symbol).
After having set the Coordinate system, the Map Window displays the longitude and latitude (d
is degree, m is minute and s is second), as shown in the following figure.
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The user can choose the Degree Format among the xxxx'xx.xxS", xxdxxmxx.xxsS format
(minute and second), the xx.xxxxx format (decimal base) or the -xx.xxxxx format (decimal base
and southern hemisphere expressed with the minus sign), as shown in the following figure.
Note: If the user wants to use another projection system and wants to display the longitude and
latitude coordinates, then the display system has to be chosen according to the projection system
name. Moreover there is an ellipsoid symbol in front of the display system.
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In the appeared Open dialog box browse for the geographical map folder. These files can be
found in \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and materials\Geo_Data
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Generally the following data maps need to be imported in Atoll: heights (map of the altitude above
sea level), clutter classes (type of land used) and vector (vector maps). The order of import is not
important, but, for this document, the following order will be used: heights->clutter->vectors.
3.3.1
1 In the Open dialog box, select the \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
materials\Geo_Data\Brussels\Heights folder in the CD ROM. Select the index document
and click on Open.
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2 In the appeared Data Type dialog box, click on the Altitudes button and click ok.
3 After the map import, the following figure appears. The heights map is automatically put on
the left side in the explorer window under the Geo tab named Digital Terrain Model.
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3.3.2
1 Select again File->Import in the main toolbar. In the Open dialog box, select the \Atoll310
GSM demo projects and materials\Geo_Data\Brussels\Clutter folder. Select the index
document and click on Open.
2 In the appeared Data type dialog box, click on the Clutter Classes button and click on Ok.
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3 After the map is imported, the following figure appears. The clutter classes map is
automatically put on the left side in the explorer window under the Geo tab named Clutter
Classes.
4 Double clicking on the Clutter Classes folder, open the Clutter Classes properties dialog
box for the setting of clutter parameters.
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Select the Description tab and click on the bottom right Refresh button. Atoll will filter the clutter
classes, which are not included into the clutter map. The following figure shows the filtered tab of
clutter classes.
These values have to be set according to the customer network, otherwise Atoll will use default
values 7dB for clutter standard deviation.
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5 In the Display tab, adjust the display color of each clutter type. Pay attention to the Display
type and the Field. The following figure is the suggested setting of Display tab. Click on
the color frame to change the color for each clutter type.
Select Add to legend to display information in the legend window. Use the Transparency
function to adjust the transparency of the map. The display of each clutter may be disabling by
unchecking the check-box.
6 After settings the Clutter Classes properties, the clutter map will be displayed as below.
3.3.3
1 Select again File->Import in the main toolbar. In the Open dialog box, select the \Atoll310
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2 In the appeared Data type dialog box, click on the Vector button and click OK.
3 In the appeared Vector import dialog box, use the default settings and click on the Import
button to import the map.
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4 After the map import, the following figure appears. The vector map is automatically put on the
left side in the explorer window under the Geo tab named Vectors.
5 Dragging the Vectors folder with the mouse to the top of the explorer window, the vector
map will be placed as the uppermost layer, as seen in the following figure.
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6 Double clicking on Airport in the Vectors folder, open the airport properties dialog box,
and select the Display tab, as seen in the following figure.
7 Clicking on the vector line to open the Display dialog box to set the color and style of the
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vector line.
8 As shown in the following figure, the color of the vector line is changed.
9 You may modify other vector files with the same operations as for the airport vector file.
The following figure shows all the imported digital maps.
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3.4.1
1 Open the GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document and select the GSM network-Sites sheet.
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2 Copy the columns Name, Longitude and Latitude (except the title line).
3 In the Explorer/Network window, double click on the Sites folder (or right click on the
Sites folder and select Open Table) will open the Sites table, as shown in the following
figure.
4 In the Sites table, select the first cell and paste the data. Except for the columns Name, X
and Y, the others are automatically filled in with default value. Atoll will transform
automatically the longitude and latitude form decimal format to minutes and seconds system.
The imported sites will be put in the Sites folder of the Explorer/Network window with an
alphabetic order, as shown in the following figure.
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5 If the user wants to delete one or several sites, he can delete them in the Sites table or
directly in the Explorer/Network window.
z
In the Sites table, click on the left grey cell of the line, which contains the site you want to
delete, select the entire line, and push the keyboard delete button.
In the Explorer/Network window, right click on the site you want to delete and select
delete in the menu, as shown in the following figure.
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6 After the input of Sites data, the Map Window is automatically updated with the new sites. In
the following figure, a black circle represents a site.
7 Open the Sites properties dialog box (right click on the Sites folder and select properties)
to change the display attributes, as shown in the following figure.
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Choosing Unique allows only a unique color for the display of sites. Choosing Discrete values
or Value intervals allows colors selection according to certain characteristics. By default, a site is
represented by a black circle.
If necessary, the symbol and color of sites can be changed, by selecting Properties in the
Actions dialog box. The appeared Display window allows the selection of color and symbol.
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3.4.2
Atoll needs the following antennas data: antenna name, antenna gain, antenna horizontal and
vertical patterns. Beamwidth, Fmin and Fmax are reference parameters and they are not used for
calculation. Atoll calculates and displays the electrical down tilt from the vertical pattern. The
calculated electrical down tilt is only given for information.
1 Select the GSM network-Antennas sheet in the GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document. As
seen in the following figure, the horizontal and vertical patterns are provided.
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2 In Atoll, right click on the Parameters tab Antennas folder in the Explorer Window and select
New in the context menu, as shown in the following figure.
3 In the Antennas New element properties dialog box, the following tabs are
available: GeneralHorizontal patternVertical pattern and Other properties.
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4 In the General tab, the antenna gain and the electrical tilt can be defined.
Note: The electrical tilt value is only a reference information for the user and this parameter
has no impact on the calculation. Antenna gain unit may be dBi or dBd. The unit can be
selected in the DocumentsPropertiesUnits dialog box.
In Atoll 3.1.0, a new feature for antenna modeling has been added. The name of the physical
antenna to which the antenna model belongs. A physical antenna may have one or more
antenna models (patterns), corresponding to different electrical downtilts. If you want to flag a
physical antenna as obsolete, add the word "obsolete" (not case sensitive) to the name of the
physical antenna. Physical antennas flagged as obsolete are not listed among available
antennas in the Antenna Selector dialogue
5 Copy the two columns corresponding to the horizontal pattern of the
GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document, and paste it in the Co-Polar section of the
Horizontal pattern tab in Atoll.
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7 Other parameters can be set in the Other properties tab, but it is only reference information
and it has no impact on the calculation.
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3.4.3
In this tab the user can defined the units for the Radiated Power (EIRP or ERP), the Antenna Gain
(dBi or dBd), the Transmission power (dBm, Watts or KWatts), the Reception power, the Distance
and the Height. The temperature units also could be set to fit the climate definition.
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A sample for Frequency domain could be found from \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls.
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Define the BSICs Format (Decimal or Octal), as seen in the following figure.
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Double click on a BSIC Domain to set up its properties, as shown in the following figure. Define the
Min, Max and Step of the BSIC Domain.
In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings-> BSICs ->Groups. Double
click on Groups to set up its properties, In the appeared dialogue define the BSIC Groups.
demo
projects
and
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Double click on a HSN Domain to set up its properties, as shown in the following figure. Define the
Min, Max and Step of the HSN Domain.
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In the Explorer/Parameters window and select Network Settings-> HSNs-> Groups, In the
appeared dialogue define the HSN Groups.
In the appeared HCS Layers dialogue define the properties corresponding to each layer, as
shown in the following figure.
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A sample for HCS layer could be found from \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls.
Double click on a Subcell or click on the Properties button to set up the Timeslot properties.
Define the Number of Shared Timeslots, the Number of Circuit Timeslots and the Number of
Packet Timeslots for each Subcell.
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Double click on a Cell Type or click on the Properties button to set up the Cell Type properties.
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Define the Cell Type properties in the appeared dialogue, as shown in the following figure.
A sample for Cell Type could be found from \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls.
3.4.4
1 Because there are some new transmitter equipments should be added in this case at first,
please select Radio Network Equipments->Transmitter Equipments to open the Transmitter
equipments table, as shown in the following figure.
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2 Open
the
GSM_Brussels_Network.xls
network-Transmitters sheet.
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and
select
the
GSM
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3 Double click on the Transmitters folder in Explorer/Network (or right click on Transmitters
and select Open Table) to open the Transmitters tab, as shown in the following figure.
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4 After opening the Transmitters table in Atoll, you will discover that the number of fields is
larger than in the Excel file. It is because some of the parameters in Atoll dont need the input
from the user but Atoll will automatically fill in default values. The fields listed in the Excel
document are those necessary parameters for the transmitters.
Before copy/paste the Excel table in Atoll, the unnecessary columns have to be hidden. If the user
try to paste the data and that dont match with the Transmitters tab, an error message will be
displayed. The following figure shows that the Columns to be displayed tab can be accessed
under Tools Bar -> Display Columns
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In the Columns to be displayed tab, the unnecessary fields has to be unchecked for hiding the
corresponding column, as shown in the following chart. Finally the Transmitters tab and the
Excel tab have exactly the same columns.
5 Copy the transmitters data of the GSM network-Transmitters sheet of the Excel document
(except the title line) and paste it in the Transmitters table in Atoll, as shown in the following
figure.
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6 After the import of data in the Transmitters table, the Map Window will be automatically
updated, without refresh or saving the document.
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may zoom in or zoom out the Map Window (left click will zoom in
7 The toolbars button
and right click will zoom out).
The toolbars button
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2)
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3)
Select a fan, and click OK to confirm, press OK to exit the Properties dialog box. At this
point all of the antennas in the network are using this fan. Angle Presented by the fan is
the angle of beamwidth. As shown in the following figure.
4)
In Atoll 3.1.0 version Multi-Band networks is supported, according to the actual situation
of the network user can set up a Transmitter with different band settings:
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As shown above, user can set the Transmitter to TRX using 900 as the BCCH Subcell, TRX
using 1800 as the TCH Subcell. And also set the properties for a variety of Subcells with
different types of bands in detail, such as transmitters with several propagation settings, which
depends on the frequency bandwidth of the transmitter launch:
z
Each band is allowed to use different propagation models, each model has its own
pathloss matrix.
This feature needs adding the following parameters in the document Atoll.ini and restart Atoll:
[Studies]
MultiBandManagement=1
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3.4.5
After setting up the network parameters, the transmitter or Subcell table may need to be updated,
example as Transmitters Advanced Settings are applied in Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls table .
Parameter set in the Network Parameters Setting are applied to transmitter tables and subcell
table, so users need to select the corresponding network parameters in these two forms.
In addition, after completion of setting, because of other reasons, the network configuration
parameters are modified, Atoll will notify the user whether the changes should be updated from the
Cell Type and applied to the corresponding transmitter table.
Users can also complete the update by selecting the Subcell->Update From Cell Type. As seen in
the following figure.
Setting of Cell Type corresponds to all Subcell choosing the set of such Cell Type. If user
only need to change the corresponding attributes of individual subcel, please update carefully after
the modifying as above.
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3.4.6
The stand-alone mode does not need to connect any external database, but it can be convenient
to import/export network data from/to a database.
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4 After clicking on Open, Atoll automatically import all network data from the database to the
Atoll project.
5 Using Centre in the Map Window to lets the sites appear in the center of the window.
Note: The database does not include the map data, therefore the map data has to be
imported separately.
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3.4.7
XML files can be imported and exported in Atoll. This function is different from import and export
Access database function, when using XML files, every table in Atoll will be imported or exported
to a XML file separately.
Using .mdb can only creat a new project. The existed project will be updated while using XML
function. Please note that, if the existed project data does not match with the imported XML file,
then Atoll will retain the existed data. That is, using XML function can only complement the not
existed part of the original data but not modify. This function relatively more suitable for other users
to creat some new sites, it need to updata this part of imformation in others project.
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2 In the appeared dialog box select the storage path of XML file. XML file is available in
\Atoll310 GSM demo projects and materials\Reference_Data\Exchange XML Files
3 Click OK, Atoll will automatically complete the XML file import process. If the import process
successfully, Atoll will display the following tips:
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If there is no duplicate record, Atoll will display the following tips. If not, Atoll will remind duplicate
record automatically.
2 In the appeared dialog box select the storage path of XML file. Click OK,
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3.4.8
The steps for importing the network data into Atoll have been introduced above. Atoll provides also
another method to add new sites directly in the Map Window.
In the Map Window, a new site (including 3 transmitters) can be added directly with a click on the
appropriate position. Simultaneously, Atoll adds the corresponding information into the data
sheets.
Press the Ctrl key to lay continuously sites in the Map Window. When the laying of sites is
finished, press the Esc key to withdraw from the current status.
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Then draw a polygon in the Map Window to add a new group of sites inside the selected region.
Sites will be automatically layed inside the region according to a certain inter-site distance, as
seen in the following figure.
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Atoll will add the corresponding information to the new sites into the data sheets.
If the user wants to delete a group of sites, it can be done in the Site table as explain above or
more quickly through the following operations:
Right click on a group of the Hexagonal Design folder and select Delete, then the entire group
of sites will be deleted.
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The user may also add a new template or delete an existing one.
The user can edit the templates parameters by double clicking on a Station template. In the
appeared dialog box, the templates properties (for example, the number of sectors, the antenna
model, the azimuth, the tilt, the height and so on) can be edited.
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3.5.1
SPM (Standard Propagation Model) is a model originating from Planet and using K parameters.
The SPM model has also a relation with the Hata model. The SPM model may be calibrated with
CW measurements.
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3 In New CW measurement path dialog box, fill in the file name, the corresponding
transmitter, the receiver height. Then paste the Excel table data into the table, as
shown in the following figure.
Note: Set the coordinate system with WGS84 corresponding to the projection system as
stated in the Excel tab.
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After clicking on OK, the test data are immediately displayed on the Map Window. Each point
represents a measurement sampling.
2 Import method
1 Atoll supports the formats .dat, .txt, .csv and .hd (PlaNET).
2 Please find 3 .txt documents inside the \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
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4 In the appeared Open dialog box, browse for the document to be imported. Atoll
supports the multi selection of files. Several measurements corresponding to the
same transmitter can be imported at the same time, but if the measurements belong
to different transmitters, then each measurement has to be imported separately.
Provided test data corresponding to different transmitters, the measurements have to
be imported one by one.
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5 The appeared dialog box contains two tabs, General and Setup. In the General
tab, define the corresponding reference transmitter, the frequency and receiver height,
as shown in the following figure.
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6 In the Setup tab, fill in the 1st Measurement Row field with 2 (because the drive
test document has a title line and the data start at the second line). Then click on the
Setup button.
7 After clicking on the Setup button, the CW Measurement Setup dialog box appears,
as shown in the following figure. Define X-Coordinates and Y-Coordinates fields
with respectively the longitude and latitude.
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8 Click on the Import button in the import main window and then the measurement
data will be imported into the project. After the import, the measurement data will be
automatically put in the CW measurements folder of the Explorer Window. Use
Centre in the Map Window function to display the imported measurements in the
center of the map.
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10 Right click on the CW measurement data file and select the Filtering Assistant, a new
dialog window Filtering Assistant on CW Measurement points will be opened. Based
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Duplicate the existing standard propagation model and make the calibration for the
duplicated model. This method has the advantage to preserve the existing model and
to allow a calibration of the SPM for each kind of environments.
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(2)
Right click on the new SPM model and select Automatic Calibration.
(3)
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(4)
In the appeared dialog box, select the K parameters that will be used for the calibration.
It is recommended not to select the K6 parameter.
Double click on a K parameter or select a K parameter and click on Define Range, will open the
Define Domain dialog box, where the range of the K parameter can be defined, as shown in the
following figure. But generally it is recommended to keep the default values defined above.
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(6)
After the computation, Atoll provides in the same dialog box the results and the
statistics concerning the model, as the average error and the standard deviation.
According to the results, the user may choose to commit the K parameters list by
clicking on the Commit button.
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(7)
If the results are not satisfactory and the K parameters have been already committed,
the propagation model can be deleted by right clicking on it and selecting Delete (or
by pressing the Delete key on the keyboard).
(8)
If after the calibration, the model has to be used in other projects, copy it by with
CTRL+C and paste it with CTRL+V in the Modules tab of another project.
Note: the automatic model calibration is only a mathematical computation method. The
result depends on the quality of the CW measurements. Therefore a high quality of CW
measurements is required.
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In Parameter tab of properties dialogue window, choose you propagation model in Parameter
tab like below:
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2 Right click a measurement path in Explorer/Network tab, choose Refresh geo data
command.
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4 Atoll will calculate predicted values on all the points on the path by chosen model. If
you need to look the statistic report, you can right click the measurement path in
Explorer/Network tab and choose Display statistics. Atoll will prompt the report as in
below picture, you can check the standard deviation of model on this path.
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5 Right click a measurement path, choose Open the Analysis tool command, then a CW
measurements window will pop up as below:
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CW measurement window.
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6 Click in the CW measurement window, you will simultaneously have a receiver in the
map window and its measured value (M) and predicted value (P). You can choose
other display option in the roll down menu, e.g. Error for the difference between M and
P.
Note: It can be used for other model like Cost-Hata and Okumura-Hata.
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If all transmitters use the same model, the most efficient way is to define in Transmitters properties
window. In Propagation tab, choose a model you want to use, and give it a radius and resolution
(generally the resolution is the same as digital map). Note: If you do not want to use one
propagation model for all of the transmitters, do not use this feature.
3.5.2
CostHata model
Okuruma-Hata and Cost-Hata use both the standard Hata formula. The Okuruma-Hata is suitable
for a frequency smaller than 1500MHz and Cost-Hata is suitable for a frequency bigger than
1500MHz. So Cost-Hata will be used for a GSM network.
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Both Okuruma-Hata and Cost-Hata can be calibrated. The following paragraph introduces only the
calibration of the Cost-Hata model, but the calibration of the Okuruma-Hata model is similar.
2 Double click on the folder Copy of Cost-Hata will open the properties dialogue. The
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Cost-Hata propagation model can use an environment formula appropriate to each clutter
class when calculating. Furthermore, Cost-Hata propagation model can add diffraction
loss and take into account limitation to free space loss.
Add diffraction loss: The Cost-Hata propagation model can take into account losses due to
diffraction, using a 1-knife-edge Deygout method, and using the ground altitude given in the
DTM. The diffraction can be weighted for each Hata environment formula.
Limitation to free space loss: When using a Hata-based propagation model, it is possible to
calculate a theoretical path loss that ends up being lower than the free space loss. In Atoll,
you can define any Hata-based propagation model to never calculate a path loss that is lower
than the calculated free space loss per pixel.
3 Right click on the folder Copy of Cost-Hata and select Calibration will open the
calibration wizard. Select one or several CW measurement(s) and click Next, as shown
in the following figure.
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4 In the appeared dialogue select the parameters that Atoll will calibrate and click Next,
as shown in the following figure.
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5 Atoll automatically calibrates the Cost-Hata model and displays the parameters before
and after the calibration. Atoll provides also the root mean square, the average and the
standard deviation before and after the calibration. According to the results the user can
choose to commit the result by clicking on the Commit button.
6 If a propagation model is not useful, its easy to delete it by right clicking on the Cost-Hata
model and select Delete or use the Delete key on the keyboard.
7 If the user wants to use the propagation model in another Atoll project, just copy the
existing propagation model with CTRL+C and then paste it in the new project with
CTRL+V.
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2 In the Cost-Hata properties dialog box, the propagation formula has to be set for each
kind of clutter. Click on the Formulas button on the bottom left for checking Cost-Hata
formulas and default values. The propagation parameters have to be set according to the
user experience.
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3 Set the appropriate formula for each kind of clutter in the Cost-Hata properties dialog
box. The following figure is an example of the Cost-Hata properties setting (the
properties dialog box has to be set according to the users network environment).
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4 The next step is to set up the Cost-Hata model for all transmitters.
Right click on the Explorer ->Network -> Transmitter folder, select Properties, and open
the Transmitters properties dialog box. In the appeared dialog box, select the Propagation
tab and select Cost-Hata for the propagation model, as shown in the following figure.
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Preliminary work
Before launching the calculation of the pathloss matrices, the following preliminary work has to be
done.
2 In the Predictions properties dialog box, set the Default resolution value to 20m
(this will be the resolution for the following prediction studies). Clicking on Private
Directory allows the user to select the path loss document, which will be used to store
the pathloss matrices. The user can either select the Embedded option to store the
pathloss matrices in the current Atoll project, or select the .\xxxxx.losses option to
store the pathloss matrices in the external .losses folder which in the same directory
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of the ATL file, or use the Browse option to select a folder to store the pathloss
matrices externally.
3 In the Explorer/Parameters tab, right click on Network Setting folder and select
Properties command, from the dialog box, set 1.5m for the receiver height (Height of
handset).
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2 Then draw a polygon with the mouse to delimitate the region, for which the
propagation will be calculated.
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2 In the appeared dialog box, browse for the \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Computation_Zone folder in the CD ROM and open the
Brussels_Computation_Zone.mif document.
3 After opening the document, the Vector import dialog box will appear, as shown in
the following figure. Press the Import button to import the computation zone.
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4 After the import, the computation zone will appear in red, as seen in the following
figure.
5 Right click on Computation Zone in the Geo tab and select Export. Then export
the computation zone with .MIF, .agd (Atoll map format) or .shp format. This
computation zone can be imported in other projects.
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3.6.2
Propagation
calculation,
interference
matrix,
and
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2 Interference matrix
1 Calculate interference matrix calculate probability of C/I for each transmitter pair. The
principle is to set a frequency for all TRXs and calculate interference probabilities between
each pair by considering their location, antennas, power and digital map etc.
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2 In the pop-up window, define a service zone and handover margin. If you want to take into
account shadowing marging, you need to check this option and define a cell edge
coverage probability. You also need to choose a method to spread traffic. As shown below:
3 For the generated interference matrix, you can right click Interference Matrix folder to
access properties window. As shown below:
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4 The user can click Externalise button to export the interference matrices results. By doing
so you can reduce the size of Atoll document. The exported results can be re-imported
whenever needed.
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5 If you get your interference matrix by other source and import it to Atoll, then you can
define where it is from and other settings in Advanced tab of interference matrix properties.
This definition will be used in interference matrices combination.
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In the Study types dialogue window, 8 default prediction items are listed. The former 3 items only
consider downlink power. You can calculate them before traffic capture and frequency allocation.
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2 In Condition tab, define a bottom threshold for received power, e.g. -120dBm, and a Server
as Best signal level per HCS layer. Reception from TRXs is BCCH.
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In 3.1.0 version, the Cell Edge Coverage Probability is 90% by default, thats to say, if you define in
Clutter classes a model std. deviation for each clutter, then each plot you generate will have a
shadowing margin. Atoll support a cell edge coverage probability lower than 50% as well.
3 Set display properties in Display tab, such as transparency of the plot.
4 Click OK button to close the window. You can now right click Coverage by Transmitter
icon in tool bar
under Prediction folder and choose Calculate command, or click
(shortcut F7), Atoll will start running. An Event Viewer window will pop up. You can see the
process of calculation.
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After Propagation calculation (as mentioned above) finished, Atoll will create the coverage plot.
The result is shown as below. Every prediction plot generated by user will be saved under
Predictions folder.
The generated prediction plots will be locked automatically. They will not be changed even you
change radio parameters. So if you want to recalculate a prediction plot, you need to unlock it first
(to uncheck Study locked on the right click menu).
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3 Set display properties in Display tab, such as intervals and colors of legends. In legend
column, you can change Min and Max values and their colors, or click Actions->Shading,
set start break, last break and interval.
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Note: since you have completed propagation calculation when creating Coverage by
transmitter plot and no parameter has been changed, so Atoll calculates prediction only.
The generated signal level plot is shown as below.
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Number of servers >=2 represents there are two cells with a difference of signal level in 4 dB in
this area.
Number of servers >=3 represents there are three cells with a difference of signal level in 4 dB.
And so on.
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icon on tool bar to force recalculate the whole path loss matrix.
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Traffic model
The GSM/GPRS/EGPRS traffic model depends of the GSM/GPRS/EGPRS parameters which can
be found from the Explorer/Paramters ->Traffic Paramters folder, there are Environments,
User profiles, Terminals, Mobility Types and Services.
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3.7.1.1 Services
1 By default, Atoll provides 4 kinds of service types. Double clicking on the Voice type will
open the Voice properties dialog box.
2 Voice
In the General tab, set the Service Type and Max Probability of Blockingor Delay.
3 Data service
In the General tab, set the Service Type , Max Probability of Blockingor Delay, Max
Packet Delay, Min Throughput (per user), Required availability for Min Throughput, Max
Number of Timeslots, Scaling Factor and Offset.
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4 New type of service, just like VoIP, which is using constant bit rate, the value for guaranteed
bit rate must be enter during the service definition.
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5 The user can specify a new type of Service Right click on the Services folder, select
New and set up all the parameters in the appeared dialog box.
1 The user can specify a new type of Mobility Right click on the Mobility Types folder,
select New and set up all the parameters in the appeared dialog box.
3.7.1.3 Terminals
1 Atoll provides 5 kinds of Terminals by default. Double click on GPRS 900 1800 and open the
GPRS 900 1800 properties dialog box.
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2 In the General tab, define the Main and Secondary Band, the Technology, the Max CS and
the Noise Figure.
3 The user can specify a new type of Terminal Right click on the Terminals folder, select
New and set up all the parameters in the appeared dialog box.
2 In the General tab, define for each service the associated Terminal, the Calls/Hours and the
Duration.
3 The user can specify a new type of User Profiles Right click on the User Profiles folder,
select New and set up all the parameters in the appeared dialog box.
3.7.1.5 Environments
1 Atoll provides by default 4 kinds of Environments (classify by clutter name). Double click on
Dense Urban and open the Dense Urban properties dialog box.
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2 In the General tab, define for each service the associated Terminal, the Calls/Hours and the
Duration.
3 The user can specify a new type of User Profiles Right click on the User Profiles folder,
select New and set up all the parameters in the appeared dialog box.
4 If different clutter class will be consider with different importance and percentage of indoor
users, following parameters must be defined:
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2 You can define the default model for dimensioning also for KPI calculation. In KPI calculation
you can define min throughput, max blocking rate and max delay.
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3 In Quality Graphs tab you can check function chart, delay chart and blocking chart.
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3.7.2
Right click on Traffic in the Explorer/ Geo tab and select New map, as seen in the following
figure.
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In the appeared New traffic Map dialog box, the above 3 methods for traffic map creation can be
selected, as shown in the following figure.
For each category, the user can choose between different options:
z
Amount of traffic
User density
In the following paragraphs, 3 methods for traffic map creation will be introduced with the
Reference Data\Traffic from the CD ROM.
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In the New Traffic Map dialog box, select Based on environments and click on Create
Map
(2)
Atoll will display the Environment map editor on the top of the Map Window.
(3)
In the Environment map editor, the user can choose one kind of environment, like
Suburban
(4)
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(5)
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(6)
button.
Select Based on environments in the New traffic Map dialog box and then click on the
Import a file button.
(2)
(3)
Atoll will automatically open the Environment map properties dialog box where the user can
define the display color, the legend and the code for each environment.
projects
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and
Select Map based on user profile (vector) in the Create a traffic map dialog box and then
click on the Import a file button.
2)
In the appeared dialog box, select the \Atoll310 GSM demo projects and
materials\Reference_Data\Traffic\Vector_Traffic\Airport\Airport_Building.mif file from the CD
and import it.
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3)
In the appeared dialog box, select the Traffic tab to define the indoor percentage and the
weight for each clutter.
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4)
Import with the same method the other vector traffic maps located in the \Atoll310 GSM demo
projects and materials\Reference_Data\Traffic\Vector_Traffic folder.
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4 Click OK to quit, then you can define percentage for terminals (Terminals (%)), mobilities
(Mobilities (%)), clutter weighting and indoor users in Traffic tab.
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6 You may see in the map window the traffic map has the same border lines as Coverage by
transmitter plot.
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3.7.3
You can run traffic analysis after you establish your traffic model and traffic map. It is composed by
two parts: traffic capture and capacity calculation.
Traffic analysis is first to capture traffic in each transmitter according to traffic map and traffic
model then calculate required number of TRXs according to captured traffic. By that you can make
planning for capacity and frequency allocation later.
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2 Choose a traffic map used in traffic capture in Source traffic tab (e.g. Environment map 1).
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3 Configure coverage condition and calculation parameters for GPRS/EGPRS in Condition tab.
Since calculation based on C/I or C/(I+N) takes into account interference condition which
highly depends on frequency allocation, please note that you should choose calculation based
on C if you have not allocated frequency yet and increase Global Scaling Factor in Source
Traffic tab to model a high traffic and interfered environment.
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You can base your traffic capture on different settings, but only one traffic capture can be used as
default. You can right click a traffic capture and check the option Default. There would be a small
tick on the icon.
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4 You can use your own Subcell parameters which can be imported like transmitter parameters.
You can double click a record in Subcell table and open its properties window to edit. As
shown below:
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3.8.1
Transmitters->
2 Open
Atoll310
GSM
demo
projects
and
materials\Reference_Data\Network_Data\GSM_Brussels_Network.xls and find Transmitter
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icon.
2 Click a source Transmitter then press Ctrl button and click a transmitter you want
to add
as a neighbour to source transmitter. This transmitter will be added in neighbour list of source
transmitter. Note: click a transmitter with pressing Ctrl button, non-symmetry Neighbour will
be added; click a transmitter with pressing Shift buttom, symmetry Neighbour will be added
3.8.2
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3 The result of allocation will be displayed as below. Click Commit button to commit result to
neighbour table.
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And the neighbours will be signed with marking in source column for different source.
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4 Click
icon on the tool bar, and click a transmitter on the map, all the neighbours of this
transmitter will be displayed with a line linking to it.
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3.8.3
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3 Click Run to calculate and the result will be committed to neighbours table automatically.
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3.9.1
z
Right click on Transmitters and select Subcells->TRXs Table to open the TRX table, as
shown in the following figure.
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You can find a demo sheet from GSM_Brussels_Network.xls document TRX tab.
3.9.2
In Explorer/Parameters tab, right click Atoll AFP Module->Propertie to open its settings. Below is
description on how to configure an AFP module.
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3.9.3
Automatic frequency planning is based on user resources. You need to configure those kinds of
parameters before you perform an automatic frequency planning. (See 3.4.4 Network parameters
setting)
The other pre requirements would be a valid interference matrix and number of required TRXs
available in Subcell.
Neighbour relationships will impact automatic frequency planning. It is recommended to have
neighbour allocated before AFP.
The steps of network planning are given in chapter 3 Operation steps. Below are the steps of AFP
only.
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start
Frequency
hopping?
N
Y
Set Frequencies/BSICs/HSNs in Network Settings
Set hopping parameters in Cell Types, update
Transmitter table. Set parameters for AFP Module.
Neighbour allocation
Launch AFP
Satisfy?
Commit result
N
Y
Stop AFP and commit
1 Right click Transmitters folder in Explorer/Network, choose Frequency plan->Automatic
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Allocation.
2 Choose Atoll AFP Module in AFP module selection and resources to allocate. AFP Rank can
be allocated to show the interference level of a Subcell.
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From the Quality Indication tab, the detail of cost calculation results could be found:
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9 In the TRX table, you will see the frequency per TRX.
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3.9.4
In Atoll 3.1.0, you can use an interactive allocation tool to adjust frequencies for some TRXs.
You can right click Transmitter folder, choose Frequency Plan->Interactive Allocation.
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One is Allocation and Channel Analysis, the other is Interference Matrix Analysis. Below is
Allocation and Channel Analysis:
You can choose a module in roll down menu of AFP Module to compute the cost. In Parameters
you can define different settings (same as AFP parameters described before).
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You can also choose different items in Status, Frequency Reuse and Filtering column to get
different interference situations.
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operations are the same as IM analysis, you need to choose a transmitter and TRX, click Run
button then you get the result.
After calculation, Atoll can provide the cost value on current frequency (if there are existing
frequencies). Also users can check components of cost function and display on the map and in the
Probability window.
Considering users may not want to use the original frequency, Atoll provides two buttons. You can
either click Delete to remove the frequency or click Replace button to replace the frequency.
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icon on the tool bar or choose Tools->Point analysis to open the PA window.
Now the mouse pointer become a target, which is the receiver. Put it on the map.
There are 4 selections for uer: Profile, Reception, Interferenc and Details
3.10.1 Profile
In the Profile selection, the user may analyze the terrain profile between the transmitter and the
receiver, the received signal level, the link budget and other information.
The desired transmitter (for the profile analysis) can be selected in the Profile window or directly
on the map. Atoll automatically displays the terrain profile between the selected transmitter and
the receiver.
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In the Profile tab, the point to point signal power is real-time calculated.
Clicking on the Link budget button from tools bar to open the Link Budget window, with the
information about the link budget between the transmitter and the receiver.
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3.10.2 Reception
In the Reception selection, the received signal level values for the strongest transmitters are
given with bars. The received power values are calculated according with the stored path loss
matrices.
3.10.3 Interference
You can see in this tab the interference situation. The first line is interference of current transmitter.
The hole in the bar represents adjacent channel protect level. This value can be defined by right
clicking Prediction folder and change it in Receiver tab in Properties window. (Note: This value is
important)
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3.10.4 Details
You can see signal strength, total interference and C/I (or C/(I+N)) from all transmitter in Results
tab.
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2 Set the prediction name and the calculation resolution in the General Tab of properties dialog
box.
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3 In the Condition Tab, you can find following setting options. All of the options can be separated
as two parts:
Part one: Signal Condition setting
Set the display threshold through the reception signal level
Choose the HCS layer which you want to make the prediction.( Server)
Set the Margin.( With a Margin)
Consider the shadowing or not. (Shadowing taken into account)
Set the cell edge coverage probability.(Cell Edge Coverage Probability)
Consider the indoor coverage or not. (Indoor Coverage)
Part two: Interference Condition
Which part of interference have been taken into account
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Select using the C/I or C/(I+N) during the calculation and set their range
Select the satisfied standard( at least one TRX or the worst TRX).(Satisfied by)
Noise Figure can be set to based on terminal or a fixed value.(Noise Figure)
Consider the DTX or not. If yes, the Voice Activity Factor need to be set.
Using the max load or the average load as the traffic load.(Traffic Load)
Consider the co-channel or not.(Co-Channel)
Consider the adjacent channel or not.( Adjacent Channels)
If you want to get the calculation result for every transmitter, every non-hopping TRX,
every TRX-MAL based on BBH, every MAL-MAIO base on SFH,choose Detailed
results.(Detailed Results)
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5 Press OK, then click the Calculate button from the tools bar of press F7 to run the
calculation.
C/I prediction result on map showed as following picture:
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3.11.2
Atoll can creat hundreds of predictions by setting study type and display type.
There are several general predictions as follows
Prediction types
Best server
coverage(not consider
HCS layer)
Study types
Display type
Field
Coverage by transmitter
(Condition tab select
Best signal level per
HCS layer)
Discrete values
Transmitter
Discrete values
Transmitter
Value intervals
Value intervals
path loss(dB)
Value intervals
total losses(dB)
Coverage by transmitter
Best server
coverage(not consider
HCS layer)
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Value intervals
Number of servers
RXQUAL Coverage
Value intervals
BER
Value intervals
MOS
Value intervals
FER
Value intervals
Value intervals
Discrete values
Transmitter
Value intervals
Coding Schemes
Value intervals
Throughput/Timeslot
(kbps)
Value intervals
BLER (%)
Value intervals
Throughput/Timeslot
(kbps)
Value intervals
BLER (%)
MOS Coverage
FER Coverage
Interference Zones
GPRS/EGPRS Coding
Schemes
RLC/MAC
Throughput/Timeslot
RLC/MAC BLER
Coverage
Application
Throughput/Timeslot
Application BLER
Coverage
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NoteHCS is a specific hierarchical layer structure in GSM, the user terminal based on
priority for access. Therefore, if the user should consider the specific site, such as the
impact of micro cell. It need to select Best signal level of the highest priority HCS layer
on condition tab.
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button from Tools bar, choose Search Tool. There are several selections could
2 Select GSM channel, you can type the appointment channel and click Search button. Atoll will
use different colour to display the appointment channel and adjacent channels on the map
base on transmitter. If you do not care the adjacent channel, the Co-Channel Only option
can be used.
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3 From Channel-BSIC pairs selection, Type the BCCH channel and BSIC and click the Search
button, Atoll will display the appointment BCCH-BSIC pair with colour base on transmitter. Of
course you can use the tool to check different combines of Channel/BSIC(NCC/BCC) on the
map.
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Note: After you finished using the Search Tool, click the Reset Display button in order to restore
the colors of transmitter, otherwise, checking result will affect a wrong colour display in the
prediction.
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button from the dialog box, then the mouse arrowhead will be changed as a
2 Click the
arrowhead logo with C.
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3 Choose the target transmitter on the map as the C, then the arrowhead logo with C will be
changed as a arrowhead logo with I, choose the target transmitter on the map as the I.
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7 Click the Histogram button, you can get the C/I histogram.
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2 select the information you want to export. A configuration file with postfix .cfg will be saved
after file name and path had been set.
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There are same predictions in the project; Atoll will ask you whether you want to reset the
exiting prediction setting. If you choose Yes, the exiting predictions will be deleted, otherwise,
the exiting predictions will be holded.
Using Ctrl++ and Ctrl+Keyboard shortcuts can make the zoom in and zoom out feature
available on the map window.
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On the map window, a new interface(Alt+) and (Alt+) have been added.
The keyboard shortcuts Alt+F8 could be used to open Add-ins and Macros.
If user activate the backup feature, a file with .bak postfix could be found in same path of current
project. Remove .bak postfix, the backup project could be open with Atoll.
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How to delete all sites and their transmitters in one shot (or a set of sites
and transmitters)?
The right way to delete all sites and their transmitters is to open the Sites table, select the first
one and the last one holding the Shift button and use Suppr keyboard button. It is
recommended to close the Sites and Transmitters folders before deleting a large number of
sites and transmitters; otherwise the refresh of the explorer could take a long time.
Selecting cells in several columns and the option "Filtering by selection" in the popup
menu performs a AND filtering criterion
Example: keeping transmitters with azimuth 120 and pilot power equal to 33 dBm
Selecting cells in several rows and the option "Filtering by selection" in the popup menu
performs a OR filtering criterion
Example: keeping transmitters with pilot power equal to 33 dBm or 35 dBm
To check which kind of dynamic criterion has been used by ATOLL, you can open
Transmitters/Properties/General tab and look at the advanced filter.
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In the Transmitter table structure, there is a field "Channels" which contains a flat list of the
channels allocated to the transmitter. It is possible to define an advanced filter as follows:
Use the Advanced filter tab of the Filter dialog
(Transmitters/Properties.../General/Filter/Advanced filter):
Columns: select "Channels" in the list
Criteria: =* XX * (which means CONTAINS)
Only the transmitters with the channel XX are displayed.
The same filter can be managed at the level of any study by transmitter.
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When a table is opened, you may use features available in the Format menu in order to
customize the table style.
To modify the column style, select a column and use the Format columns feature. You
may also use the Align Left, Centre, Align Right, Bold and Italic features.
Right click on a linear object and select the Element properties feature. In the Geometry
tab, copy the list of coordinates (ctrl-C).
Right click on the Measurement folder and select the New feature. Give a name to the
path, specify measurement unit, transmitter and receiver properties and finally click on the
Paste button. Then, click on OK to validate the path creation.
Open the path properties window. Choose a propagation model, click on Actions and
choose Calculate predictions. The signal level calculated on the path is displayed in a related
table (P(dBm) column). You may use the Measurements window to visualize the signal level
received from the selected transmitter on the path.
How is it possible to display city points and their names on the map?
With a vector format providing for each point an attribute containing the name (e.g. "name").
Import the vector file within ATOLL and choose the field "name" as label (you can use any field
or list of fields in the same way).
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Where can you define the default server for distributed computing?
In the Atoll.ini file:
[RemoteCalculation]
Servers=Workstation_1; Workstation_2
If the list is empty, computations are run locally.
You can display different areas or view different scales of the same document at the same time
thanks to the "Window->New" command. When selecting this command, a new Map Window
is created with exactly the same view as the current one. You can then modify area and scale
of both windows independently. For instance, with this feature you can zoom in very close on
two faraway sites without having to display everything between them. You can also display an
overview of the whole network and a small part of it with two different scales.
Note: Items displayed in all map views depend on the explorer settings and are the same in all
windows, except if you have different scales for the windows and some visibility settings
according to scales.
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Atoll
Getting Started GSM/GPRS/EGPRS
Version 3.1.0
~ Head Office
7, rue des Briquetiers
31700 Blagnac - France
Tel: +33 562 747 210
Fax: +33 562 747 211
~ US Office
200 South Wacker Drive - Suite
3100
Chicago, IL 60606 - USA
Tel: +1 312 674 4846
Fax: +1 312 674 4847
~ China Office
Suite 302, 3/F, West Tower,
Jiadu Commercial Building,
No. 66 Jianzhong Road,
Tianhe Hi-Tech Industrial Zone,
Guangzhou, 510665, P. R. of
China
Tel: +86 20 8553 8938
Fax: +86 20 8553 8285