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DAE Technology
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DAE Technology
DAE Technology
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49
DAE Technology
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DAE Technology
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DAE Technology
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96 Hrs.
0
2.
DIFFERENTIATION.
23 Hours
2.1
Derivative of a function.
2.2
Geometrical interpretation of differentiation.
2.3
Differentiation by first principle.
2.4
Rules for differentiation.
2.5
Differentiation of algebraic functions.
2.6
Differentiation of trigonometric and inverse trigonometric functions.
2.7
Differentiation of logarithmic and exponential functions.
2.8
Problems.
3.
4.
INTEGRATION.
8 Hours
9 Hours
10 Hours
53
4.1
4.2
4.3
4.4
4.5
4.6
5.
6.
DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS.
6.1
Introduction
6.2
Differential equation of order-1
6.3
Differential equation of order-2
6.4
Solution of 1st and 2nd order differential equations
6.5
Problems
7.
8.
CONIC SECTIONS.
8.1
Circle
8.2
Standard equation of a circle
8.3
General equation of a circle
8.4
Radius and coordinates of centre
8.5
Parabola
8.6
Standard equation of parabola
8.7
Four forms of standard equation
8.8
General equation of parabola
8.9
Ellipse
8.10 Standard equation and related definitions
54
15 Hours
6 Hours
9 Hours
8.11
8.12
8.13
9.
Hyperbola
Standard equation and related definitions
Problems.
STATISTICS.
9.1
Concept of mean, media and mode
9.2
Standard deviation
9.3
Laws of probability
9.4
Problems.
55
6 Hours
Ch-213
APPLIED CHEMISTRY.
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INTRODUCTION.
1.1
Scope and significance of the subject.
1.2
Orientation with reference to this technology.
1.3
Terms used & units of measurements in the study of chemistry.
4 Hours
2.
4 Hours
3.
ATOMIC STRUCTURE.
3.1
Sub-atomic particles.
3.2
Architecture of atoms of elements, Atomic No. and Atomic weight.
3.3
Periodic classification of elements, periodic law.
4 Hours
4.
CHEMICAL BOND.
4.1
Nature of Chemical Bond.
4.2
Electrovalent bond with examples.
4.3
Covalent Bond (Polar and Non-polar) sigma & Pi Bonds. with examples.
4.4
Co-ordinate Bond with examples.
4 Hours
5.
6.
WATER.
6.1
Chemical nature and properties.
6.2
Impurities.
4 Hours
56
6.3
6.4
6.5
7.
4 Hours
8.
4 Hours
9.
NUCLEAR CHEMISTRY.
9.1
Introduction.
9.2
Radioactivity (alpha, beta & gamma rays).
9.3
Half life process.
9.4
Nuclear reaction & transformation of elements.
9.5
Isotopes and their uses.
4 Hours
10.
ALLOYS.
10.1 Introduction with need.
10.2 Preparation and properties.
10.3 Some important alloys and their composition.
10.4 Uses.
4 Hours
11.
FUELS.
11.1 Introduction with their significance.
11.2 Solid fuels.
11.3 Liquid Fuels.
11.4 Gaseous Fuels.
4 Hours
12.
CORROSION.
12.1 Introduction, causes and types.
12.2 Rusting of iron.
12.3 Corrosion control.
4 Hours
13.
METALLURGY.
13.1 General processes/operation of metallurgy.
13.2 Chemistry of Iron, copper and Aluminum with their Ores.
13.3 Ores, extraction and metallurgy of iron.
13.4 Cast iron, Wrought iron and steel.
4 Hours
57
14.
THERMO-CHEMISTRY.
14.1 Introduction with its significance in modern technology.
14.2 Thermo-chemical units and reactions.
14.3 Heat of reaction and heat of combustion.
14.4 Hess's Law.
14.5 The process of combustion.
14.6 Calorific value.
14.7 Numerical problems pertaining to combustion.
4 Hours
15.
LUBRICANTS.
15.1 Introduction.
15.2 Classification.
15.3 Properties of lubricants.
15.4 Selection of lubricants.
4 Hours
16.
POLLUTION.
16.1 The problem and its dangers
16.2 Causes of pollution.
16.3 Air pollution and its control.
4 Hours
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1.
2.
3.
4.
58
Ch-213
APPLIED CHEMISTRY.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
6.3
6.4
6.5
6.6
6.7
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
12.1
12.2
12.3
12.4
12.5
Define corrosion.
Describe different types of corrosion.
State the causes of corrosion.
Explain the process of rusting of iron.
Describe methods to prevent/control corrosion.
13.
14.
15.
16.
61
Ch-213
APPLIED CHEMISTRY
LIST OF PRACTICALS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
To introduce the common apparatus, glassware and chemical reagents used in the chemistry
lab.
To purify a chemical substance by crystallization.
To separate a mixture of sand and salt.
To find the melting point of substance.
To find the pH of a solution with pH paper.
To separate a mixture of inks by chromatography.
To determine the co-efficient of viscosity of benzene with the help of Ostwald vasomotor.
To find the surface tension of a liquid with a stalagmometer.
To perform electrolysis of water to produce Hydrogen and Oxygen.
To determine the chemical equivalent of copper by electrolysis of Cu SO.
To get introduction with the scheme of analysis of salts for basic radicals.
To analyse 1st group radicals (Ag+ - Pb++ - Hg+).
To make practice for detection 1st group radicals.
To get introduction with the scheme of II group radicals.
To detect and confirm II-A radicals (hg++, Pb++++, Cu+, Cd++, Bi+++).
To detect and confirm II-B radicals Sn+++, Sb+++, As+++).
To get introduction with the scheme of III group radicals (Fe+++ - Al+++, Cr+++)
To detect and confirm Fe+++, Al+++ and Cr+++.
To get introduction with he scheme of IV group radicals.
To detect and confirm An++ and Mn++ radicals of IV group.
To detect and conform Co++ and Ni++ radicals of IV group.
To get introduction with the Acid Radical Scheme.
To detect dilute acid group.
To detect and confirm CO"3 and HCO'3 radicals.
To get introduction with the methods/apparatus of conducting volumetric estimations.
To prepare standard solution of a substance.
To find the strength of a given alkali solution.
To estimate HCO'3 contents in water.
To find out the %age composition of a mixture solution of KNO3 and KOH volumetrically.
To find the amount of chloride ions (Cl') in water volumetrically.
62
Mgm-211
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION
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COMMUNICATION PROCESS.
1.1
Purposes of communication
1.2
Communication process
1.3
Distortions in communication
1.4
Consolidation of communiqu
1.5
Communication flow
1.6
Communication for self development
6 Hours
2.
6 Hours
3.
QUESTIONING SKILLS.
3.1
Nature of question.
3.2
Types of questions.
3.3
Characteristics of a good question.
3.4
Questioning strategy
3 Hours
4.
LISTENING SKILLS.
4.1
Principles of active listening.
4.2
Skills of active listening.
4.3
Barriers to listening.
4.4
Reasons of poor listening.
4.5
Giving Feedback.
5 Hours
63
5.
INTERVIEWING SKILLS.
5.1
Significance of interviews.
5.2
Characteristics of interviews.
5.3
Activities in an interviewing situation
5.4
Types of interviews.
5.5
Interviewing strategy.
3 Hours
6.
REPORT WRITING.
6.1
Goals of report writing
6.2
Report format.
6.3
Types of reports.
6.4
Report writing strategy.
3 Hours
7.
READING COMPREHENSION.
7.1
Reading problems.
7.2
Four Reading skills.
2 Hours
8.
GROUP COMMUNICATION.
8.1
Purposes of conducting meetings.
8.2
Planning a meeting.
8.3
Types of meetings.
8.4
Selection f a group for meeting.
8.5
Group leadership skills.
8.6
Running a successful meeting.
8.7
Active participation techniques.
4 Hours
RECOMMENDED BOOKS
1.
Sh. Ata-ur-Rehman Effective Business Communication & Report Writing.
2.
Ulman J.N. Could JR. Technical Reporting.
64
Mgm-211
BUSINESS COMMUNICATION.
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
65
6.
7.
8.
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AIMS The students will be able to develop management skills, get acquainted the learner with the
principles of management and economic relations and develop commercial/economic
approach to solve the problems in the industrial set-up.
COURSE CONTENTS
1.
ECONOMICS
1.1
Definition: Adam Smith, Alfred Marshall, Prof. Robins.
1.2
Nature and scope
1.3
Importance for technicians.
2.
3.
2 Hours
4.
FACTORS OF PRODUCTION.
4.1
Land
4.2
Labour
4.3
Capital
4.4
Organization.
2 Hours
5.
BUSINESS ORGANIZATION.
5.1
Sole proprietorship.
5.2
Partnership
5.3
Joint stock company.
3 Hours
67
2 Hours
1 Hour
6.
ENTERPRENEURIAL SKILLS
4 Hours
6.1
Preparing, planning, establishing, managing, operating and evaluating relevant
resources in small business.
6.2
Business opportunities, goal setting.
6.3
Organizing, evaluating and analyzing opportunity and risk tasks.
7.
SCALE OF PRODUCTION.
7.1
Meaning and its determination.
7.2
Large scale production.
7.3
Small scale production.
2 Hours
8.
ECONOMIC SYSTEM
8.1
Free economic system.
8.2
Centrally planned economy.
8.3
Mixed economic system.
3 Hours
9.
MONEY.
9.1
Barter system and its inconveniences.
9.2
Definition of money and its functions.
1 Hour
10.
BANK.
10.1 Definition
10.2 Functions of a commercial bank.
10.3 Central bank and its functions.
1 Hour
11.
CHEQUE
11.1 Definition
11.2 Characteristics and kinds of cheque.
11.3 Dishonour of cheque.
1 Hour
12.
FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS
12.1 IMF
12.2 IDBP
12.3 PIDC
2 Hours
13.
TRADE UNION
13.1 Introduction and brief history.
13.2 Objectives, merits and demerits.
13.3 Problems of industrial labour.
2 Hours
14.
INTERNATIONAL TRADE.
14.1 Introduction
14.2 Advantages and disadvantages.
2 Hours
68
15.
MANAGEMENT
15.1 Meaning
15.2 Functions
1 Hour
16.
ADVERTISEMENT
16.1 The concept, benefits and draw-backs.
16.2 Principal media used in business world.
17.
ECONOMY OF PAKISTAN
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Economic problems and remedies.
BOOKS RECOMMENDED
1.
Nisar-ud-Din, Business Organization, Aziz Publisher, Lahore
2.
M. Saeed Nasir,Introduction to Business, Ilmi Kitab Khana, Lahore.
3.
S.M. Akhtar, An Introduction to Modern Economics, United Limited, Lahore.
69
2 Hours
1 Hour
Mgm-221
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
70
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
UNDERSTAND MANAGEMENT
15.1 Explain meaning of management.
15.2 Describe functions of management.
15.3 Identify the problems of business management.
16.
UNDERSTAND ADVERTISEMENT.
16.1 Explain the concept of advertisement.
16.2 Enlist benefits and drawbacks of advertisement.
16.3 Describe principal media of advertisement used in business world.
17.
17.1
17.2
17.3
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COURSE CONTENTS.
1.
2.
(9 Hours)
(27 Hours)
i)
2.9
2.10
3.
SPECIAL DIODES.
3.1
Zener Diodes.
3.1.1 Zener Diode as voltage Regulator, percentage of regulation.
3.1.2 Zanier limiting.
3.2
Varactor Diodes.
3.2.1 Varactor in Tuning Circuits.
3.3
Optical Diodes
3.3.1 Light Emitting Diode(LED)
3.3.2 Liquid crystal Diode(LCD)
3.3.3 Photo diode.
3.4
Other Diodes.
3.4.1 Schottky diode, construction, characteristics, uses
3.4.2 Tunnel Diode, Negative resistance region.
3.4.3 Tunnel Diode Oscillator.
3.4.4 PIN Diode.
3.4.5 Step Recovery Diode.
3.4.6 LASER Diode
3.4.7 IMPATT Diode.
3.4.8 Gunn Diode.
(12 Hours)
4.
(10 Hours)
74
5.
INTEGRATED CIRCUITS.
5.1
Introduction to ICs
5.2
Integrated transistors and diodes.
5.3
Integrated resistors and capacitors.
6.
OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER.
6.1
Introduction to operational Amplifier.
6.2
The differential Amplifier.
6.3
OP-AMP Data Sheet Parameters.
6.4
OP-AMP with negative Feedback.
6.5
Inverting and non-inverting amplifiers.
6.6
Voltage follower.
6.7
Summing and difference amplifiers.
6.8
Introduction to 741 OP AMP.
7.
LOGIC GATES.
(20 Hours)
7.1
Types of logic gates
7.2
Supply Voltage, input and output voltage,input and output currents, fan-in and fanout Propagation Delay Time and Power Dissipation.
7.3
Standard TTL gates
7.3.1 TTL NAND gate.
7.3.2 Open Collector TTL
7.3.3 Totem pole TTL
7.4
Other TTL types.
7.4.1 High Speed and Low Power.
7.4.2 Schottky TTL
7.4.3 Emitter coupled logic (ECL)
7.5
MOS and CMOS Gates
7.5.1 P-MOS and N-MOS logic gates.
7.5.2 CMOS logic gates.
7.5.3 Integrated Injection Logic(IIL)
7.6
Comparison of major Logic Families.
7.7
Interfacing logic families
7.7.1 TTL driving 5V C MOS
7.7.2 TTL driving 15 V C MOS
7.7.3 C MOS driving TTL
75
(4 Hours)
(12 Hours)
El.T. 214:
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.
1.
SEMICONDUCTOR DIODES.
1.1
Understand principles, characteristics and application of various types of
semiconductor diodes.
1.1.2 Explain semiconductor doping
1.1.3 List donor and acceptor materials for silicon & germanium
1.1.4 Define majority carries and minority charge carriers.
1.1.5 Explain the effect of temperature & light on the resistance of
(a) intrinsic semiconductor and
(b) Extrinsic semiconductor
1.2
PN Junction Theory:
2.2.1 Draw a PN Junction
2.2.2 Define the terms depletion layer capacitance & diffusion capacitance.
2.2.3 Sketch the voltage-current characteristics curve for a PN junction.
2.2.4 Describe RF, RR and Is from the diode characteristics curve.
2.2.5 List the typical values of barrier potentials for silicon and germanium diode.
1. 3
Understand PN Diode Applications
1.3.1 List the uses of PN diode.
1.3.2 Explain half and full wave rectifier using circuit diagram.
1.3.3 Define Ripple factor, surge current.
1.3.4 Explain function of rectifier (L, PI, T) filters
1.3.5 Explain its uses as voltage multiplier (doubler).
1.3.6 Explain the working of a voltage doubler circuit.
1.3.7 List the applications of voltage multiplier circuit.
1.3.8 Explain the operation of a diode as a switch.
2.
2.1.11
2.1.12
2.1.14
2.1.15
2.1.16
2.2
2.3
2.4
2.5
2.5.2
2.5.3
2.5.4
2.5.5
2.5.6
2.6
3.
Draw DC load line and locate bias point on the family of drain characteristic
curves of JFET.
Draw a self-bias arrangement p-channel & n-channel JFET.
Set the Q-point for a self-biased JFET.
Explain the Q-point stability of a JFET.
Show zero bias of D-MOSFET.
SPECIAL DIODES.
3.1
Understand the characteristics and applications of diode used for a special purposes
Zener Diode.
3.1.1 Explain the construction of Zener and draw its symbol
3.1.2 Draw the V-I characteristic of a Zener diode.
3.1.3 Identify the characteristic features of Zener diode.
3.1.4 Explain the working of Zener diode as voltage regulator.
3.1.5 Define the terms line regulation, and load regulation for Zener diode.
3.1.6 Compare formulae to find the range of series resistor (Rs) and load resistor
(RL) for a Zener regulator for given variations in line voltage and current.
3.1.7
3.2
3.3
3.3.12 List the materials used for photodiode with their colour sensitivity and
characteristics
3.3.13 List the applications of photodiodes.
3.3.14 Draw a circuit of photoelectric relay using a photodiode.
3.4
4.
4.1.4
4.1.5
4.1.6
4.1.7
4.1.8
4.1.9
4.1.10
4.1.11
4.1.12
4.1.13
4.1.14
4.1.15
4.1.16
4.1.17
4.1.18
Draw and label the forward v-i characteristics for a shockley diode
List the methods to turn off and turn on shockley diode
Explain the working of a shockley diode relaxation oscillator.
Compare an SCR with a shockley diode.
Draw and label the schematic symbol for an SCR
Explain the turn-on process of SCR using transistor equivalent circuit.
Sketch and label the V-I characteristics for an SCR.
Interpret the SCR data sheet parameters.
Explain the phase-control of an SCR .
Draw basic circuits for SCR used in the areas of
a)
power control
b)
switching and
c)
protection
Explain briefly the circuits drawn under 5.1.13.
Compare a Diac with a shockley diode in terms of
a)
basic structure
b)
symbol
c)
operation
Compare a triac with an SCR in terms of
a)
basic structure
b)
symbol operation
Sketch and label the transistor equivalent circuit for a triac
Explain the phase-shift control of triac with a diac as a switching device as
used in light for UJT.
4.2
4.3
5.
6.
7.
7.2.3
a)
power dissipation
b)
voltage levels
c)
propagation delay time
d)
speed-power product
e)
noise margin.
Compare HTL gate with RTL and DTL gates.
7.3
7.4
7.5
83
El.T. 214:
Identify the various diodes, transistors & IC package, number system and terminals.
Draw the forward & reverse characteristics of a P.N. junction diode.
Assemble a full wave diode rectifier circuit with a PI filter & calculate the ripple factor of
output wave.
Familiarize with a voltage quadrupler circuit.
Demonstrate diode as a switch with LED as a load.
Troubleshoot a faulty diode rectifier circuit.
Use a Zanier diode as voltage regulator with diode rectifier.
Demonstrate the performance of power supply using IC regulator.
Use varactor diode in a resonant circuit.
Assemble a tunnel diode oscillator .
Plot the input & output characteristics of a transistor in common base configuration.
Plot the input & output characteristics of a transistor in common emitter configuration.
Plot the input and output characteristics of transistor in common collector configuration.
Plot the transfer characteristics curve of transistor in CE configuration.
Consult data sheet for a transistor to study its parameters and ratings.
Assemble a transistor voltage amplifier and find its voltage gain.
Demonstrate the characteristics of CB, CE & CC amplifier using curve tracer.
Plot the characteristics curves for a common source FET amplifier.
Demonstrate MOSFET as a switch and study the performance .
Plot the characteristics curves for SCR & UJT.
Assemble a light dimmer using a Diac & Triac.
Demonstrate the working of an opto-coupler using Photo diode & LED.
Demonstrate the working of Opto-coupler using Phototransistor & LED
Demonstrate the working of Opto-coupler using LASCR & LED
Consult data sheet for opamps.
Demonstrate the working of an operational amplifier.
Use of op-Amp as an inverting & non-inverting amplifier and a voltage follower.
Draw the frequency response of an opamp.
Demonstrate the use of digital logic probe & logic pulser.
Troubleshoot on Opamp comparator
Consult data sheets of TTL & CMOS logic ICs
84
El.T. 233
MEASURING INSTRUMENT
T
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Essentials
&
Networks
(El.T.
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114)
and
COURSE CONTENTS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
1.
2.
INDICATING INSTRUMENTS.
4 Hours
2.1 Introduction to meters.
2.2 D`Ansonval Meter movements
2.3 Ammeters, millimeters, micrometer and shunts.
2.4 Shunt calculations.
2.5 Voltmeter, multiplier and sensitivity.
2.6 Basic Ohmmeter (Conversion of ammeter into ohmmeter)
2.7 Ac meters (rectifier, moving iron-vane, electrodynamometer,
thermocouple and clamp-on type)
3.
2 Hours
4 Hours
3.2
3.3
3.4
4.
TRANSISTOR VOLTMETER.
4.1 Advantages.
4.2 Basic TVM, FET, MOSFET Test Methods.
4.3 Tunnel Diode Test.
4.4 PIN diode test configuration.
4.5 Varactor diode test configuration.
4.6 Gunn diodes Test Methods.
4.7 Thyristors Test Methods.
4.8 Curve tracer.
4.9 Application.
5.
6.
SIGNAL GENERATORS.
08 Hours
6.1 Review of oscillator circuit operation.
6.2 AF generator.
6.3 RF generator.
6.4 AM generator.
6.5 FM generator.
6.6 Frequency synthesized signal generator.
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
7.
Sweep/Marker generator.
Square and Pulse generator.
Function generator.
TV pattern generator.
OSCILLOSCOPES.
06 Hours
7.1 Theory and operation.
7.2 Single/dual trace ( general purposes).
7.3 Triggered Sweep.
7.4 Storage.
7.5 Sampling
86
06 Hours
06 Hours
7.6
7.7
7.8
Vector scope
Curve tracer
Recorders
87
8.
DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS.
8.1 Review of signal conversion (ADC and DAC)
8.2 Digital Voltmeter
8.3 Digital Multimeter
8.4 Frequency Counter
8.5 Digital LCR meter.
8.6 Digital I.C. tester.
02 Hours
9.
ANALYZERS.
9.1 Wave Analyzer
9.2 Distortion Analyzer
9.3 Logic Analyzer
9.4 Signature Analyzer
9.5 Application
04 Hours
10
12.
04 Hours
04 Hours
04
89
El.T. 233
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.
1.
2.
2.21
2.22
2.23
2.24
AC meter.
2.25
2.26
2.27
2.28
2.29
movement.
2.30
3.
4.
UNDERSTAND THE TYPES, CONSTRUCTION AND WORKING OF
TVM,
UNDERSTAND THE WORKING OF ELECTRONIC VOM.
4.1 Draw the schematic diagram of basic FET input TVM.
4.2 Explain the working of FET input TVM.
4.3 Draw the schematic diagram of FET bridge TVM.
4.4 Explain the working of FET bridge TVM.
4.5 List the applications of TVM.
4.6 List important considerations in choosing a voltmeter.
4.7 List the major elements of an electronic VOM bt using block
diagram.
5.
SIGNAL GENERATORS.
6.1 Understand the basics and need of a signal generators.
6.1.1 Describe the need and the basic requirements of a signal
generator.
6.1.2 List the major types of signal generators used for
electronics testing and troubleshooting.
6.1.3 List the desired characteristics common to all the signal
generators.
6.2 Understand the construction and working of AF generator.
6.2.1 Identify the similarities and differences between an audio
oscillator and audio generator.
6.2.2 List the applications of AF generator
6.3 Understand the construction and working of AM & FM
generators.
6.3.1 Draw the basic circuit of a shop type RF generator.
6.3.2 Explain the working of the RF generator.
6.3.3 List the applications of RF generator.
6.3.4 Draw the schematic diagram of a dip meter.
6.3.5 Describe the working of a dip meter circuit.
6.3.6 List the applications of dip meter.
6.4 Understand the construction and working of sweep,
marker and pulse generators.
6.4.1 Draw the block diagram of an AM generator.
6.4.2 Identify the function of each block of an AM generator.
6.4.3 List the applications of AM generator.
6.4.4 Draw the block diagram of FM generator.
6.4.5 Describe the function of each block of FM generator.
6.4.6 List the applications of FM generator.
6.4.7 List the two methods of frequency syntheses.
92
OSCILLOSCOPE (CRO).
7.1 Understand the working principle, types and applications
of oscilloscope and recorders.
93
DIGITAL INSTRUMENTS.
8.1 Understand the operation and applications of digital
meters.
8.1.1 List the major types of digital test instruments.
8.1.2 Enlist the types of digital voltmeter (DVM).
8.1.3 Illustrate the voltage-to-time conversion principle of ramptype DVM.
8.1.4 Draw the block diagram of ramp-type DVM.
8.1.4 Identify the function of each block of the ramp-type DVM.
8.1.5 Draw the block diagram of staircase ramp type DVM.
8.1.6 Identify the function of its each block.
8.1.7 Draw the block diagram of dual-slope type DVM.
8.1.8 Explain the function of its each block.
8.1.9 Compare the above three types of DVMs.
8.1.10
Draw the block diagram of dual-slope type digital
multimeter.
95
8.2
8.1.11
Identify the function of its each block.
8.1.12
Draw the block diagram of digital LCR meter.
8.1.13
Identify the function of its each block.
8.1.14
Identify the function of each control of DVM and
digital multimeter
Understand the working and uses of electronic counters.
8.2.1 Define the term Electronic Counter
8.2.2 Draw the block diagram of basic counter.
8.2.3 Identify the blocks of basic counter involved in frequency
measurement operation.
8.2.4 Draw the basic counter block diagram
for
period
measurement operation.
8.2.5 Explain the working of basic counter for frequency and
period measurements.
8.2.6 Identify the function of panel controls and indicators of
electronic counter.
9.
96
10.
MISCELLANEOUS INSTRUMENTS.
IC
11.1.4
Draw the circuit diagram of high voltage probe
(resistance & capacitance types).
11.1.5
Explain the working of high voltage probe.
11.1.6
Draw the circuit diagram of RF probe .
11.1.7
Explain the function of RF probe.
11.1.8
Draw the block diagram of a basic logic probe. .
11.1.9
Explain the working of basic logic probe.
11.1.10
Draw the block diagram of a simple logic pulser.
11.1.11
Explain the working of logic pulser.
11.1.12
List the applications of logic probe and pulser.
11.1.13
Explain the working of logic clip.
11.2 Understand the function of three types of traducers.
11.2.1
List the three types of transducers.
98
El.T:233
MEASURING INSTRUMENTS
LIST OF PRACTICAL:
1.
96 Hours.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Study and use of transistor tester for the testing for different
semiconductor devices.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
Study of different stages of CRO and their identification. Study and use
of storage and sampling oscilloscopes.
14.
Use of A.F. generator and measurement of its output wave with CRO.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
Test logic signals using logic probe/logic clip and logic pulser.
26.
27.
28.
i)
ii)
29.
30.
frequency stability.
ii)
output uniformity
iii)
attenuator action
iv)
output hum
v)
output distortion
vi)
load sensitivity
external DC and AC
ii)
internal AC
iii)
31.
32.
100
El.T. 243
P
3
C
3
101
2.
3.
4.
5.
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
5.6
5.7
5.8
5.9
5.10
6.
OSCILLATORS.
6.1
Conditions for an amplifier to work as an oscillator.
6.2
Requisites of an oscillator.
6.3
Classification of oscillator circuits.
6.4
RC phase shift and Wien bridge oscillator circuits.
6.5
Condition of sustained oscillation.
6.6
Voltage controlled oscillator using 555 timer
6.7
Pulse tone oscillator using 555 timer.
6.8
Voltage controlled oscillator using 555 timer.
6.9
Reasons of instability in oscillator circuit.
6.10 Remedies of instability in oscillator.
6.11 Applications of oscillator.
7.
(06 Hours)
8.
DELAY LINES.
8.1
Introduction
8.2
Types of delay lines.
8.3
Transmission line as distributed parameter delay line.
8.4
Lumped parameter delay line.
8.5
Electronic delay line.
DIGITAL CIRCUIT.
9.1
XOR gate with truth table.
9.2
INHIBIT gate with truth table.
9.3
NAND and NOR gates.
9.4
Develop AND, OR and NOT gates using NAND/NOR gate.
(02 Hours)
9.
10.
COMBINATIONAL LOGIC.
(06 Hours)
(02 Hours)
(03 Hours)
103
10.1
10.2
10.3
10.4
10.5
10.6
10.7
10.8
11.
(03 Hours)
12.
CHOPPER AMPLIFIER.
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Transistor Chopper
12.3 FET Chopper.
(02 Hours)
13.
MEMORIES.
13.1 Need, Characteristics, types.
13.2 Semiconductor Memories.
13.3 Read only memories (ROM, PROM,
13.4 Random Access memories (RAM) or RW memories.
13.5 Static and dynamic memories.
13.6 Introduction to sequential access storage.
13.7 ROM and Programmed Logic Array (PLA)
13.8 RAM applications and multiplexers.
13.9 Magnetic Bubble Memories (MB Ms)
13.10 Charged Coupled Devices. (CCD).
13.11 Special memories and applications
SAMPLING AND CONVERSION.
(03 hours)
14.1 Sampling.
14.1.1 Introduction
14.1.2 OP-AMP sampling gate.
14.1.3 Sample and Hold circuit.
14.2 Conversion.
14.2.1 Introduction.
14.3 Digital-to-Analog conversion.
14.3.1 Weighted resistor DAC circuit.
14.4 Analog -to- Digital conversion.
14.4.1 Ramp generator method.
14.4.2 Stair-case ramp generator method.
(04 Hours)
14.
104
105
(01 Hours)
El.T 243
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.
1.
LINEAR WAVESHAPING.
1.1
Understand waveshaping using RC and RL circuits.
1.2
Understand RLC circuit with reference to damping effect.
1.3
Understand the working OP AMP as a differentiator & integrator circuits
1.1.1 Define linear waveshaping.
1.1.2 Elaborate the working of high pass RC circuit with step input.
1.1.3 Elaborate the working of low pass RC circuit with step input.
1.1.4 Specify the effect of short, medium and long time constant of the RC circuits
on their response for sine, square, pulse and sawtooth input waves.
1.1.5 Determine the necessary conditions for RC circuit to work as differentiator
and integrator.
1.1.6 Explain the response of high pass and low pass RL circuit for step input.
1.1.7 Specify the effect of short, medium and long time constant of the RL circuits
on their response for sine, square, pulse and sawtooth waveforms.
1.1.8 Determine the necessary conditions for the RL circuits to work as a
differentiator and integrator.
1.1.9 Compare the working of RC and RL circuits for various input waves.
1.2.1 Explain the response of RLC circuits for square wave input.
1.2.2 Identify the three type of damping response of RLC circuit.
1.2.3 Explain the under -damped RLC circuit as ringing circuit
1.3.1 Explain the working the of OPAMP circuits as differentiator and integrator.
1.3.2 Compare the linear and OPAMP circuits as differentiator and integrator.
2.
NONLINEAR WAVESHAPING.
2.1
Understand waveshaping using clipping circuit.
2.1.1 Define nonlinear waveshaping.
2.1.2 Review the working of diode series & shunt clipping circuits.
2.1.3 Enlist the applications of diode series & shunt clipping circuits.
2.1.4 Explain the working of diode series & shunt clipping circuits.
2.1.5 Compare the working biased diode shunt clipper with Zanier
shunt clipper.
2.1.6 Explain the working of emitter coupled clipper circuit.
2.1.7 Explain the working of transistor slicer circuit.
2.1.8 Explain the working OPAMP clipper circuit.
2.1.9 Compare a transistor clipper with an OPAMP clipper.
2.2
106
3.
4.
5.
6.
OSCILLATORS.
6.1
To understand the types and working of oscillators.
6.1.1 Define an oscillator.
6.1.2 Enlist the basic requirements of an oscillator.
6.1.3 Explain conditions for an amplifier to work as an oscillator.
6.1.4 Classify the oscillator circuits.
6.1.5 Explain the working of R C phase shift & Wien bridge oscillators.
6.1.6 Explain the working of Hartley and colpitis oscillators.
6.1.7 Explain the working of crystal and tuned collector oscillators.
6.1.8 Explain the working of pulse-tone oscillator using 555 timer.
6.1.9 Explain the working of voltage controlled oscillator.
6.1.10 Enlist the sources of instability of an oscillator.
6.1.11 Explain the method of oscillator stability.
6.1.12 Enlist the applications of oscillators.
7.
8.
8.3
8.4
8.5
8.6
8.7
9.
10.
11.
109
11.3
11.4
11.5
12.
13.
14.
OF
CHOPPER
14.3
14.4
14.5
14.6
14.7
14.8
14.9
15.
111
El.T. 243
Practical:
96 Hours.
LIST OF PRACTICAL:
1.
Study the performance of a PN-diode clipper.
2.
Study the behavior of RC differentiator and integrator circuits for step, square, and pulse
input.
3.
Study the working of an emitter-coupled stable multivibrator.
4.
Assemble an emitter-coupled monostable multivibrator.
5.
Study the method of pulse width control of monostable MV.
6.
Assemble a UJT relaxation oscillator.
7.
Study the performance of a constant current sweep generator.
8.
Assemble a bootstrap ramp generator.
9.
Assemble a Miller integrator ramp generator.
10.
Assemble a bistable multivibrator with collector triggering.
11.
Demonstrate the transfer characteristic of a NOT gate or inverter.
12.
Verify the operation of OR and logic gates.
13.
Verify the operation of NAND gate.
14.
Demonstrate that the NAND gate is a universal gate.
15.
Verify the function of a NOR gate.
16.
Use AND-OR gates circuit to form a combinational logic.
17.
Investigate the logical properties of the exclusive-OR (XOR) function.
18.
Assemble a parity-checker and binary-to-gray converter XOR gates.
19.
Use XOR gates for the implementation of half-adders and full adder.
20.
Verify the characteristics of an IC ( TTL 54/ 74121) monostable multivibrator.
21.
Demonstrate the characteristics of a 555 timer.
22.
Construct an RS flop-flop using NAND gates.
23.
Use of flip-flop as data storage element and frequency divider.
24.
Demonstrate the logical properties of clocked JK master/slave flip-flop (TTL 54/7476) 25.
Construct a divide-by-8 binary counter.
26.
Construct a decade counter.
27.
Study the working of multiplexer and demultiplexes.
28.
Study the working of Hartley oscillator.
29.
To construct a voltage controlled oscillator using 555 timer.
30.
To study the working of IC voltage regulator.
31.
To study the working of OP AMP.
32.
To construct a Schmitt trigger using OP AMP.
33.
To construct a summer, multiplier, integrator and differentiator using OP AMP.
34
Construct a 5-bit binary ladder D / A converter with OP-AMP as buffer amplifier.
112
El.T. 252
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM-I
T
1
P
3
C
2
AIMS The subject has been designed so that the student will be able to
understand the working of telegraphy, telephony and wireless
communication.
1.
Identify the necessity, types and application of codes in
telegraphy.
2.
Identify the elements of telegraphy.
3.
Explain the working of teleprinter.
4.
Describe the principle and working of automatic telephone
system.
5.
Explain the principle of pulse modulation and frequency division
multiplexing.
COURSE CONTENTS
1.
TELEGRAPHY
1.1. Introduction wire and wireless telegraph
1.2 Baud, Character per second and words per minutes
(04 Hours)
2.
TELEGRAPHY
2.1 Introduction to gate way exchange.
2.2 NWD system (Block diagram)
2.3 Function of each Block of NWD exchange.
2.4 Routing codes and signaling system.
2.5 Mobile Telephone and Cordless Telephone.
(04 Hours)
3.
(PDM)
113
3.12
3.13
3.14
3.15
3.16
4.
FIBER OPTICS.
4.1 Optical Fiber for light wave communication.
4.2 Fiber optic transmission system.
4.3 Video Telephone
4.4 Video conference.
4.5 Merits and Demerits of Fiber optic communication.
(04 Hours)
5.
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION.
5.1 Block diagram of satellite communication system.
5.2 Earth station.
5.3 Geo-stationary satellites.
5.4 Telephone Link via satellite.
5.5 Television Link via satellite.
5.6 Merits and demerits of satellite communication.
(06 Hours)
6.
MICROWAVE COMMUNICATION.
(06 Hours)
6.1 Block Diagram for Microwave communication link.
6.2 Microwave frequency, Microwave channel.
6.3 Interfacing Microwave station with telephone exchange.
6.4 Merits and demerits of microwave communication.
114
El.T. 252
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM-I
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.
1
INTRODUCTION TO TELEGRAPHY
1.1 Enlist the types of telegraphy (Line and wireless telegraphy)
1.2 Explain the working principle of wireless telegraphy.
1.3 Define Baud, characters / second and words / minute.
2.
UNDERSTAND THE LAYOUT AND WORKING OF TELEPHONE
SYSTEM.
2.1 Describe the operation of gate way exchange.
2.2 Draw the block diagram of N.W.D. system.
2.3 Explain the function of each block of NWD system.
2.4 Explain the working of signaling system.
2.5 Explain the working of audio conference system.
2.6 Describe the working of cordless telephone..
2.7 Explain the working of mobile telephone system.
3.
4.1
4.2
4.3
system.
4.4
4.5
4.6
4.7
4.8
5.
116
El.T. 252
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM-I
Practical: 96 Hours
LIST OF PRACTICAL.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11
12.
117
El.T. 264
T
2
P
6
C
4
COURSE CONTENTS
1.
Loud Speakers.
1.2.1 Introduction to
1.2.2 Construction
different types of
and
working
principle
loud
of
(10 Hours)
speakers and
dynamic
loud
INTRODUCTION TO AMPLIFIER.
(12 Hours)
2.1 Audio voltage amplifier: classification of amplifiers w.r.t. ground,
frequency and operation.
2.2 Basic amplifier concept using transistors (BJT & FET).
2.3 Common emitter, common base and common collector circuit
configurations and CD, CS, and CG configurations.
2.4 Comparison of CE, CB, CC circuits and CD, CS, CG circuit
configurations.
2.5 Equivalent circuit for CE amplifier and calculations for its voltage,
current and power gain by using graphical and parameter
method.
2.6 Common Base amplifier equivalent circuit and gain calculation by
graphical and parameter method.
2.7 Common collector amplifier equivalent act and gain calculation
by graphical analysis and using parameter.
2.8 Biasing methods, thermal run away & instability of Q-point.
2.9 Calculation of stability factor and for CE, CB and CC circuits.
2.10 Method of stabilization of Q-point.
3.
COUPLING OF AMPLIFIER.
(06 Hours)
3.1 Methods of coupling of amplifier:: RC, direct , transformer and
impedance coupling.
3.2 R.C. coupled amplifier, its characteristics and frequency response.
3.3 Transformers coupled amplifier, its gain, efficiency and frequency
response. Comparison of RC and transformer coupling.
3.4 Direct coupled amplifier: Drift and offset voltage. Its merits and
demerits.
4.
Pull.
5.
Complementary
pair push-pull
power amplifier
Requirements of heat sinks for power amplifier.
IC power amplifier. Heat sinks for power amplifier.
Pushcircuit.
FEEDBACK AMPLIFIERS.
(06 Hours)
5.1 Principle of feed back in amplifiers, types of feed back amplifier.
Series and shunt feedback, feedback factor, effect of feedback on
119
6.
R.F. AMPLIFIER.
(06 Hours)
6.1 Requirements of RF amplifier.
6.2 Principle and characteristics of R.F. Amplifier.
6.3 R.C. coupled R.F. amplifier.
6.4 Impedance coupled R.F. amplifier.
6.5 Transformer coupled R.F. amplifier.
6.6. Multistage R.F. amplifier.
6.7 Class-C R.F. power amplifier using tuned circuit as load.
6.8 Grounded base R.F amplifier.
6.9 Feed back in R.F. amplifier.
6.10 Regeneration and de-generation in feed back amplifier.
6.11 Calculation of band width.
6.12 Troubles in R.F. amplifier.
7.
I.F. AMPLIFIER.
7.1 Need and requirement of I.F amplifier.
7.2 Single stage I.F. amplifier.
7.3 Multistage I.F amplifier.
7.4 Methods of neutralization.
7.5 Integrated Circuit IFA
7.6 Troubles in I.F. amplifier.
8.
(02 Hours)
8.1.13
A.F amplifier stage, working & control. Pre-amplifier
stage and out put / power stage.
8.1.14
Common faults in AM radio receivers.
8.2
9.
F.M. receiver.
8.2.1 Principle of F.M Microphone.
8.2.2 Principle of F.M reception.
8.2.3 Block diagram explanation of F.M receiver.
8.2.4 Circuit explanation of amplitude limiter.
8.2.5 Circuit explanation of phase discriminator.
8.2.6 Circuit explanation of ratio detector.
ALIGNMENT / TUNING.
(05 Hours)
9.1 Alignment procedure of A.M Receiver
9.2 Alignment procedure of F.M Receiver.
121
122
El.T. 264
INSTRUCTIONAL OBJECTIVES.
1.
1.2.10
Explain the working of ceramic loud speaker.
1.2.11
Enlist its characteristics.
1.2.12
Enlist its applications.
1.2.13
List types of loudspeaker baffles
1.2.14
Compare the characteristics of different type of L.S.
baffles
1.2.15
Draw the construction of horn type loud speaker
1.2.16
Explain the working of horn type loud speaker
1.2.17
Differentiate between woofer, mid range and tweeter
with respect to construction, size & frequency response.
1.2.18
Explain the procedure of selection of loudspeaker for
a given purpose.
2.
INTRODUCTION TO AMPLIFIERS.
2.1 Understand the principle & need of amplification of
signals.
2.1.1 Explain the need and principle of amplification .
2.1.2 Define the terms current gain, voltage and power gain.
2.2
amplifiers
2.3
terms of
terms of
Classification of Amplifiers
2.2.1 Identify the function of
current,
voltage
and
power
iii)
iv)
v)
vi)
vii)
viii)
125
CS
and
CD
2.4
2.5
2.6
2.7
techniques.
3.
4.12
each block.
4.13
4.14
4.15
5.
load.
load.
6.
class C
6.6
6.7
6.8
6.9
6.10
7.
I.F AMPLIFIER.
7.1 Understand the working of single stage and multistage IF
amplifier.
7.1.1. Describe need and requirement of I.F. amplifier.
7.1.2 Draw the circuit, diagram of single stage I.F. amplifier.
128
7.1.3
7.1.4
7.1.5
7.1.6
7.2
amplifier.
8.
9.
9.1
9.2
receiver.
9.3
130
El.T. 264
Practical:
192 Hours.
LIST OF PRACTICAL:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
131