Effective publication

Sandra Knapp
Natural History Museum, London
Based on a talk given by Fred Barrie
(MO) in La Plata, Argentina

Publication
The action of making publicly known;
public notification or announcement;
promulgation
Oxford English Dictionary
Comes from the Latin meaning to make
public

What is scientific publishing?

Henry Oldenburg, founder of the first Royal Society
Journal Philosophical Transactions
Oldenburgs functions
Dissemination
Registration
Certification
Archive (Minutes of
Science)

What the author wants

Recognition
Ownership
Reputation
Renown

350 years with print-on-paper publications.

More recent surveys - authors expect rapid publication and
rapid peer-review.

Publication in the ICN

One of the three pillars of nomenclature
Publication must be correct effective AND
valid
Governed by Chapter IV EFFECTIVE
PUBLICATION
Two sections conditions and dates
Effective publication in Articles 29 to 31

Article 6.1
Effective publication is publication
in accordance with Articles 29-31

Two types of nomenclatural acts must

be effectively published:
a) New names: Names of new taxa, new
combinations or replacement names.
b) Typifications published after the
publication of a name - designations of a
lectotype, neotype or epitype.

 Publication is effected by the distribution

of printed matter or, after 1 January 2012,
electronic material, as defined in Article
29
The date of effective publication is the
date printed matter or electronic
publication becomes available as
stipulated in Article 31.1

Why does it matter?

You might need to be sure your new name,
new combination or new typification is
effectively published
Focus on Articles 29 and 31

You might need to find out if a name you want

to use has been effectively published
Focus on Articles 29, 30 and 31

Article 29.1
Printed matter is distributed by sale, exchange
or gift to the general public or at least to
accessible scientific libraries.
The minimum number of copies needed is two
(but limiting the distribution of the publication
to only two copies is a very bad idea!).

Knapp, S (2010) PLoS ONE

5(5): e10502 (published 5
May 2010)

Printed matter that is almost

always effectively published
1) Books
2) Scientific journals (periodicals)
3) Preprints from books or journals (articles
distributed in advance of the book or journal)

Printed matter limited by date

Effectively published before 1 Jan. 1953, but not
after:
Indelible autograph (handwritten material
reproduced mechanically, such as by lithography)
(Articles 30.4, 30.5)
Trade catalogues (Article 30.6)
Non-scientific newspapers (Article 30.6)
Printed matter accompanying specimens (e.g.,
printed exsiccatae [specimen] lists) (Article 30.7)

Printed matter limited by date

Effectively published before 1 January
1973, but not after:
Seed exchange lists (Article 30.6)

Printed matter limited by date

Effectively published before 1 Jan. 1953, but not
after:
(Article 30.8) Dissertations or theses submitted as a
requirement for an academic degree unless
a) the work includes an explicit statement (referring to the
requirements of the Code for effective publication), OR
b) it is published as part of a serial work (e.g., titled series of
monographs), OR
c) there is other internal evidence that it is regarded as
effectively published by its author or publisher.

Examples of acceptable internal

evidence
International Standard Book Number (ISBN)
Statement of the name of the printer,
publisher or distributor.

Forms that are never effectively

published (Article 30.1)
Verbal communication at a public meeting.
Placing of names in collections or gardens open to
the public (Writing a name on herbarium labels is
not effective publication!)
Issue of microfilm of manuscripts, typescripts or
other unpublished material.
Electronic publication other than that described in
Art. 29.
Any electronic publication prior to 1 Jan 2012.

Electronic publication
Electronic publication via the internet was
approved by the 2011 Melbourne
Congress.
The starting date for electronic publication
was 1 January 2012.

Requirements for effective

publication electronically
1) The document must be in a PDF format.
2) The online publication must have either an
International Standard Serial Number (ISSN)
or an International Standard Book Number
(ISBN) (Article 29.1).
3) The document must be the version the
publisher considers final. (Article 30.2).

The case of Dracula trigonopetala

The case of Bauhinia

saksuwaniae
Bauhinia saksuwaniae sp. nov.
(Leguminosae-Caesalpinioideae)
from Thailand. by Sawai Mattapha,
Pranom Chantaranothai and Somran
Suddee, published online on 11
December 2013 in Wiley Online
Library (wileyonlinelibrary.com), has
been retracted by agreement
between the authors, the journal
Editor in Chief, Torbjrn Tyler and
John Wiley & Sons Ltd. The
retraction has been agreed due to
the publication of a species under
the name B. nakhonpranomensis,
prior to the publication of this
article.

Requirements for effective

publication electronically
The content of the published work must be
fixed and cannot be changed.
Content does not include:
page numbers
embedded hypertext links
watermarks
(Article 30, Note 2)

Things to think about....

Can be difficult to determine whether or not a paper
posted online is intended as a preliminary or final
version
Full publication information on website but not on pdf.
Since pdf is the effective publication, this could lead to
problems in the future
Articles are published online as preprints without
final pagination of printed version. Should preprint
pagination, final pagination, or both, be cited?
Not all publishers assign DOIs. Not a Code requirement
but means there may not be a persistent link to the
paper

Plant Biosystems

Recommendation 29A
29A.1 PDF should be in PDF/A archival
standard (ISO 19005)
29A.2 Publish in places that satisfy the
following criteria:
Place archival copies in multiple trusted digital
repositories
Digital repositories in multiple countries
Deposit printed copies in libraries in >1 part of
world (but avoid publishing in low copy numbers)

Dates of effective publication

(Article 31)
The date of effective publication is the date on
which the printed matter or electronic
material became available as defined in
Articles 29 and 30.
In the absence of proof establishing another
date, the one appearing in the printed matter
or electronic publication must be accepted as
correct.

Dates of effective publication

(Article 31)
When a publication is issued in parallel as
electronic material and printed matter, both
must be treated as effectively published on
the same date unless the dates of the versions
can be demonstrated to be different. (Article
31.2).
Publications issued in parallel are of equal
priority.

Informal recommendations
These are my (Sandy Knapps) personal
recommendations not part of the Code!!
Make sure you understand what the journals you
publish in are doing with e-publication
Publish in journals that date stamp articles if pdf
copies are put online before print
Work with editors and publishers to improve practice
for e-publication
Inform IPNI (http://www.ipni.org) if you see new epublications they should know about