Undergraduate

Lectures on

ECH140: Mathema9cal Methods for Chemical Engineers

June 8-- 23, 2015

Chapter 1: Lecture 1:
Overview

Brian G. Higgins
Department of Chemical Engineering and
Materials Science
University of California, Davis

Course Outline
Lecture Schedule:

Morning Lectures: Monday through Friday: 9:00-12:00

A<ernoon Lectures: Tuesday and Thursday: 13:30-15:30

Exams:

First Exam: Tuesday September 10: 9:00-11:00 am

Second Exam: Tuesday, September 17: 9:00-11:00am

Textbook:

Elementary Applied ParIal DierenIal EquaIons by Richard Haberman,

(2nd EdiIon)
Chapters: 1, 2, 3,5, 6, 7, 12

Homework Assignments

3-4 Assignments per week

PracIce Exams

Two pracIce exams ( Posted on or before: Sep 7 and Sep 14)

Review of Ordinary Dieren9al Equa9ons

(ODEs)
ClassicaIon of ODEs
Concept of independent and dependent
variables
Concept of homogeneous versus non-
homogeneous ODEs
First Order ODEs
Method of soluIons
IntegraIng factors

Classica9on of ODEs
IdenIfy the dependent variable, i.e., y
IdenIfy the independent variable, i.e., t
Determine if the equaIon is linear or nonlinear in the
dependent variable
Determine if the equaIon has constant coecients or
variable coecients
Determine if the equaIon is homogeneous or
inhomogeneous

BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/September 2012.

Independent versus Dependent Variables

Consider the following funcIon:
Which are the dependent and independent variables?
Solving for a:

Solving for b:
Solving for x:

First Order ODEs

Example of an inhomogeneous ODE

inhomogeneous part

SoluIon can be wri^en as a linear combinaIon of the homogeneous

part and plus a par4cular solu4on

homogeneous solu9on

par9cular solu9on

Consider the homogeneous part of ODE:

Since this is a linear equaIon with constant coecients, the soluIon

is an exponenIal. Thus our guess for the soluIon is
SubsItuIng back into the ODE gives

c ex ( + 2) = 0
For a non-trivial soluIon we require:

BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/June 2015.

First Order ODEs cont.

Example of an inhomogeneous ODE

inhomogeneous part

SoluIon can be wri^en as a linear combinaIon of the homogeneous

part and plus a par4cular solu4on

homogeneous solu9on

par9cular solu9on

Thus the homogeneous soluIon is:

To determine a par4cular solu4on, we guess the soluIon by inspecIon:

SubsItuIng into the ODE gives:

Factoring out gives:

BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/June 2015.

First Order ODEs cont.

Example of an inhomogeneous ODE

inhomogeneous part

SoluIon can be wri^en as a linear combinaIon of the homogeneous

part and plus a par4cular solu4on

homogeneous solu9on

par9cular solu9on

Thus the parIcular soluIon is:

Thus the general soluIon of the ODE is:

homogeneous solu9on

par9cular solu9on

Note the constant c needs to be determined from the iniIal condiIon (data) for the ODE.
BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/June 2015.

Method of Integra9ng Factors

Consider the following inhomogeneous ODE

To solve this system we seek a funcIon such that

Suppose we can nd such a funcIon such that the above is true,

then from the ODE we have:

Then integraIng gives

Solving for gives:

BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/June 2015.

Constant of integra9on

How to Determine the Integra9ng Factor?

The key is to nd a funcIon such that

If the above statement is true, then the RHS is

Thus

Simplifying gives:

IntegraIng gives

Constant of integra9on

Note the constant is immaterial and factors out of the soluIon

BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/June 2015.

Examples

Example 1:
Solve:
For this example:
Find the integraIng factor:

SoluIon:

Evaluate integrals:

homogeneous part
inhomogeneous part
BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/June 2015.

Example 2:

Examples

For this example:

Find the integraIng factor:

Simplify:

Evaluate constant of integraIon:

BG Higgins/UC Davis, Dept. of Chem. Eng. & Mat. Sci./Hanoi-Vietnam/June 2015.