2C82

Technical bulletin

Pilot Wire Differential Relay

Features
Suitable for all distribution
voltages
Flexible application
5KV pilot insulation
Selectable half wave or full
wave connection mode
Low CT burden
Pilot wire Send & Receive
supervision relays available
15KV isolation transformers
available
Two sensitivity settings
High stability for through faults
Fast clearance of in-zone faults
Low phase & earth fault
settings
Compact 4M28 draw out case
Made in Australia

Application
The 2C82 is a high-speed feeder
protection relay based on the differential
circulating current principal. It is designed
to operate over two core pilots using
either a half wave or full wave connection
mode. A standard resistance is required
for the relay to operate correctly. This
standard resistance is achieved by adding
padding resistors in each relay at each
end of the scheme. The secondary of the
feeder CT's are fed to a summation
transformer within the relay, which
provides a single-phase quantity output
for use over the pilot wires. Under healthy
conditions the relay is biased in the
negative part of the circuit & remains unoperated.
The 2C82 Pilot Wire Differential relay may
be changed from the factory default full
wave connection mode to half wave mode
to operate with older style differential
schemes already in service. This is simply
achieved by changing links on an internal
terminal block.
The 2C82 provides a pilot to earth
insulation level of 5KV. Situations where,
due to induction or a rise in substation
earth potential, a pilot insulation level
between 5KV & 15KV may be required.
This can be achieved by using the full
wave connection mode & a 15KV isolation
transformer (RMS type 4T82), with the
relay at each feeder end.

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2C82 depicted in a 4M28 case

Description of Operation

Made in Australia

Differential feeder protection systems such as the RMS 2C82 offer unit protection, which
ensure discrimination without reference to the rest of the power system & provide highspeed operation. It has been designed to provide double ended tripping for in-zone faults
with through fault stability.
Differential feeder protection requires a comparison of the currents entering and leaving
the protected zone. For faults occurring within the protected feeder it is desirable to trip
the circuit breakers at each end to isolate the fault. Two 2C82 relays are therefore
required, one for each end of the feeder. A pair of pilot wires is used to transmit
information between the two relays so that each may be able to compare the current
flowing at its respective end with the current at the other.
The relays at both line ends provide rapid fault clearance irrespective of whether the fault
current is fed from both line ends or only one line end.
When applying this protection to overhead lines the limiting factor is generally the length of
the pilot circuits which determines the pilot loop resistance &/or the pilot intercore
capacitance.

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for the latest product information.

Due to RMS continuous product improvement policy this information is subject to change without notice. 2C82/Issue E/05/11/01/1/4

Technical Data
CURRENT TRANSFORMER REQUIREMENT
The minimum knee point voltage of the line current transformers
is given by:

Vk =
In

If

=
=

A =
RCT =
RL =

50
I
__ __
+ f ( R CT + 2R L )
In
A

Rated current of 2C82 relay in Amps.

Primary current under maximum steady state through
fault conditions.
Current transformer ratio.
Secondary resistance of the current transformer in
Ohms.
Lead resistance between the current transformers &
the 2C82 summation transformer (Single lead Ohms).

It is not recommended that any other burdens should be included

in the current transformer circuit. The secondary magnetizing
currents of the current transformers at opposite ends of the
feeder should not differ by more than In A for output voltages up
to 50 V. To ensure good balance of the protection the current
transformers at the two ends should have equal ratios. Close
balance of ratio is provided by Class X current transformers
where ratio error is limited to+/-0.25%.
SETTINGS
Primary fault settings with average current transformers & zero
pilot wire capacitance are given below. Values are expressed as
percentages of the 2C82 nominal current rating.
Nominal Fault Settings
Type of
fault

15KV Scheme
(Full wave mode only)

5KV Scheme
N1

N1

AN

18%

25%

25%

35%

BN

21%

32%

30%

44%

CN

25%

42%

35%

59%

PILOTS
Any type of pilot having a grade of insulation, which can
withstand 500 Volts between cores, may be used. The pilot
circuit should be capable of withstanding the voltage imposed by
the power system.
AUXILIARY SUPPLY
Self powered from CT inputs
AC CONTINUOUS RATING CURRENT
0.5A, 1A, 2A or 5A
PILOT WIRE PARAMETERS
Half wave:
Adjust total resistance to 1,000 Ohm
Max. allowed capacitance between cores is 2.5uF
Full wave:
Adjust total resistance to 2,000 Ohm
Max. allowed capacitance between cores is 0.8uF
STABILITY
50 x In
MAX. OPERATE TIME (Remote end operation & single end feed)
5KV half wave mode:
60ms at 2.5 to 3 x local end setting
5KV full wave mode:
45ms at 1.3 x local end setting
OUTPUT CONTACTS
The output relay is fitted with 3 normally open self reset fine
silver contacts as standard.
OUTPUT RELAY OPERATION INDICATOR
Hand reset mechanical flag indicator
AMBIENT OPERATING TEMPERATURE RANGE
-5 to 55 degrees C.
6R RELAY CONTACT RATINGS
Make & Carry Continuously
3,000 VA AC resistive with maximums of 660V & 12A
3,000 W DC resistive with maximums of 660V & 12A
Make & Carry for 3 Seconds
7,500 VA AC resistive with maximums of 660V & 30A
7,500 W DC resistive with maximums of 660V & 30A
AC Break Capacity
3,000 VA AC resistive with maximums of 660V & 12A

AB

125%

177%

BC

125%

177%

AC

62%

89%

Voltage

ABC

72%

101%

Resistive rating

SENSITIVITY
Normally the summation transformer N tap is used. While a
greater sensitivity can be obtained using the N1 tapping, care is
necessary as when current transformers with relatively high
excitation currents are used the N1 tap may give little or no
advantage.

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DC Break Capacity (Amps)

L/R=40ms

24V

48V

125V

250V

a
b

12
12

1.5
12

0.5
10

0.25
5

a
b

12
30

1
15

0.25
5.5

0.15
3.5

1K operations
(N3 Rating)
b

12

12

2.5

Maximum
break

a = Without magnetic blowouts

b = With magnetic blowouts

for the latest product information.

Due to RMS continuous product improvement policy this information is subject to change without notice. 2C82/Issue E/05/11/01/2/4

Ordering Information
Generate the required ordering code as follows: e.g. 2C82 B
1

2C82
1

CT INPUT RATING

A
B
C
D

0.5A
1.0A
2.0A
5.0A

Note that all relays are supplied from the factory set to full wave
connection mode & N sensitivity tap.

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www.rmspl.com.au

for the latest product information.

Due to RMS continuous product improvement policy this information is subject to change without notice. 2C82/Issue E/05/11/01/3/4

Wiring Diagram
Refer to the 3A320 & 3A230 data sheet for information regarding
the pilot wire supervision wiring diagram.
Refer to the 4T82 data sheet for information regarding the 15KV
isolation transformer wiring diagram.

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www.rmspl.com.au

for the latest product information.

Due to RMS continuous product improvement policy this information is subject to change without notice. 2C82/Issue E/05/11/01/4/4

Australian Content

Design References

Unless otherwise stated the product(s) quoted

are manufactured by RMS at our production
facility in Melbourne Australia. Approximately
90% of our sales volume is derived from
equipment manufactured in house with a local
content close to 90%. Imported components
such as semi-conductors are sourced from local
suppliers & preference is given for reasonable
stock holding to support our build requirements.

The products & components produced by RMS

are based on many years of field experience
since Relays Pty Ltd was formed in 1955. A
large population of equipment is in service
throughout Australia, New Zealand, South Africa
& South East Asia attesting to this fact. Specific
product & customer reference sites may be
provided on application.

Quality Assurance

Product Warranty

RMS holds NCSI (NATA Certification Services

International), registration number 6869 for the
certification of a quality assurance system to
AS/NZS ISO9001-1994. Quality plans for all
products involve 100% inspection and testing
carried out before despatch. Further details on
specific test plans, quality policy & procedures
may be found in section A4 of the RMS product
catalogue.

All utility grade protection & auxiliary relay

products, unless otherwise stated, are warranted
for a period of 24 months from shipment for
materials & labour on a return to factory basis.
Repair of products damaged through poor
application or circumstances outside the product
ratings will be carried out at the customers
expense.

Product Packaging

Standard Conditions of Sale

Protection relays are supplied in secure

individual packing cardboard boxes with moulded
styrene inserts suitable for recycling. Each
product & packing box is labeled with the product
part number, customer name & order details.

Unless otherwise agreed RMS Standard Terms

& Conditions (QF 907) shall apply to all sales.
These are available on request or from our web
site.

Relay Monitoring Systems Pty Ltd

6 Anzed Court, Mulgrave, Victoria 3170, AUSTRALIA
Tel: 61 3 9561 0266 Fax: 61 3 9561 0277 Email: rms@rmspl.com.au Web: www.rmspl.com.au

2 0 0 2

R e l a y

M o n i t o r i n g

S y s t e m s

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L t d

Due to RMS continuous product improvement policy this information is subject to change without notice.