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CHAPTER 1
Methods
and
in
Biochemical
1. Methods
for
Separating
Purifying Biomolecules
and
and
NMR
is
very
closely
allied
to
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disorders as different
Alzheimer disease.
as
cancer
and
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GLOSSARY
Bioengineering:
The
application
engineering to biology and medicine.
of
Biotechnology:
The
field
in
which
biochemical,
engineering,
and
other
approaches are combined to develop
biological products of use in medicine and
industry.
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CHAPTER 2
WATER & pH
Water
is
the
predominant
component of living organisms.
chemical
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Bonds
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Reactions
Involve
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where
the
brackets
represent
molar
concentrations (strictly speaking, molar
activities) and K is the dissociation constant.
Since 1 mole (mol) of water weighs 18 g, 1
liter (L) (1000 g) of water contains 1000 18
= 55.56 mol. Pure water thus is 55.56 molar.
Since the probability that a hydrogen in pure
water will exist as a hydrogen ion is 1.8 x
10^9, the molar concentration of H+ ions
(or of OHions) in pure water is the product
of the probability, 1.8 x 10^9, times the
molar concentration of water, 55.56 mol/L.
The result is 1.0 x 10^7 mol/L. We can now
calculate K for pure water
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therefore
be
incorporated
into
the
dissociation constant K to provide a useful
new constant Kw termed the ion product
for water. The relationship between Kw and K
is shown below:
Low
pH
values
correspond
to
high
concentrations of H+ and high pH values
correspond to low concentrations of H+.
Acids are proton
proton acceptors.
H2SO4) completely
and protons even in
(low pH).
THE
Many
biochemicals
are
weak
acids.
Exceptions
include
phosphorylated
intermediates, whose phosphoryl group
contains two dissociable protons, the first of
which is strongly acidic.
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is
Cross-multiplication gives
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