Design options for Gurgaon

Energy Environment
Technology Division, Teri.
 What is Sustainable building
Design?
Integrated design and construction process
that significantly reduces or eliminates the
negative impact of buildings on the
environment and occupants .
How?
• Ensure sustainable site planning
• Adopt passive solar design - design for the climate
• Use Efficient materials and construction practices
• Use efficient systems(lighting, HVAC etc.)
• Use renewable forms of energy
• Apply water and waste management strategies
• Ensure good health of the occupants
 Sustainable site planning
• Macro planning issues which could be
addressed by the development
authority:
– Site with respect to entire sector layout (plot
delineation governed by solar access, wind
directions, street width)

– Vehicular traffic management (e.g high

density settlement near to common facilities ,
lower densities along peripheries; develop
mass transit systems, consolidate service,
pedestrian and automobile paths; increase
use of telecommuting)
– Efficient infrastructure planning
(common utility corridors for multiple
services, use of gravity sewers)

– Water harvesting at sector level from

open spaces, roads etc.
 Sustainable site planning
• Micro issues:At building level
– Building and site orientation(solar
orientation, planting to ensure solar
access during winter and stop it during
summer)
– Landscaping (harness solar energy,
airflow patterns, natural water
resources, and insulating quality of
land forms for building temperature
control; use appropriate plants; design
access roads,landscaping, and ancillary
structures to channel wind for cooling
 Sustainable site planning
• Micro issues:At building level
– Planning of outdoor spaces (design to
maximize coolth during summer and
heating during winter )
– Materials (use of recycled materials,
porous materials for maximum water
absorption, materials to minmize
urban heat islands, minimize paved
surfaces)
– Specify sustainable site construction
procedures
 Envelope design strategies
for Gurgaon
• To improve comfort levels in Non air conditioned/ air
cooled buildings and reduce energy consumption in air
conditioned buildings
? Identified efficient technologies/practices in reducing
energy & resource use:

? Solar passive and energy saving measures

? orientation
? fenestration design
? earth cooling
? efficient windows
? insulation
? ventilation
• Shape and Orientation
– Use minimum S/V ratio
– Orient with longer axis along E-W and
use appropriate shading devices
– Orient to minimize wind turbulence in
winter.
• Fenestration design
– Use fenestration area as per code (as
fixed percentage of wall/floor area)
– Size and position fenestration on
consideration of daylighting and solar
access.
• Fenestration
– Use efficient window system with low U
value and low shading coefficient
(recommended U-assembly for Gurgaon
is 1.22 btu/sq.ft deg F (max.) and SHGC
is 0.25 E/W/S orientation is 0.25 and
for N orientation is 0.4)

– Maximise luminous efficacy of glazing

system (visible transmittance to
shading coefficient should be preferably
1.5 or more daylighting)
 Thermal efficiency

• Use appropriate insulation for roof

and walls.
• Add thermal storage
• Consider reflectivity of envelope
• Minimze thermal bridges
• Incorporate solar controls to cut
off direct gains
• Consider use of earth berms
 Daylighting

• Design fenestration to avoid direct

sunlight.
• Bring in daylight at high locations
• Use traditional or advanced side lighting
and top lighting techniques
• Integrate daylighting with other building
systems and controls (e.g sensors for
controlling lights , etc)
 Side lighting

Light shelf Sill

Top lighting
Advanced use of passive
systems
 Solar chimney
• Uses stack effect, but
chimney deliberately
heated by solar
radiation.
• Space detached from
the main building.
• Advisable for regions
with low wind speed.
• Could be roof or wall
integrated.
• Could be coupled with
other natural
conditioning systems
 Earth air tunnel/earth berming

• Because of the
thermal storage
capacity of the
earth, the daily and
annual temperature
fluctuations remain
constant with
increasing depth
40

35
SEC Guest house
Earth berm
TEMPERATURE (°C)

below ground 30

surface.
25 Roof garden
20
ventilation
• Water table plays an
reflective surfaces
15
0 75 150 225 300 375

important role.
DAY OF YEAR

Existing Without passive features shading

Energy Systems

• Commercial buildings Plug load

Pumpig

•HVAC system
External 5%
system
lighting
3%
2%

•Lighting system
HVAC
Indoor
system
lighting
61%

•Pumps
29%

• Residential buildings Kitchen

Plug load
14%
6%

•Cooling & heating systems

Cooling/heati
Lighting
•Lighting system 23%
ng
57%
Design Options - Macro planning level

• Street lighting
•Follow recommended BIS codes for road lighting
design
•Use software tools
•Use most efficient lighting equipment (e.g. HPSV
lamps) along with suitable controls
Commercial buildings
•Follow recommended BIS codes for lighting design
& HVAC system design
•Use advanced design method
•Ensure illumination of required area for the
minimum time
•Encourage use of renewable energy sources for
lighting
•Discourage use of CFC
•Ensure proper ventilation in buildings
Pumping systems
• Use pumps of higher efficiency e.g. >65%
Design Options - For buildings

• Lighting systems in Commercial buildings

•Identify occupants need based on task performed
•Follow recommended BIS codes for lighting
design
•Use software tools for lighting design & analysis
•Use most efficient lighting equipment (e.g. CFLs,
T-5, electronic chokes, mirror optics luminaires
etc.)
•Use HPSV lamps for security lighting, metal halide
for façade lighting and CFL for path lighting
•Integrate controls (e.g. Occupancy sensors,
Timers, dimmers, etc.)
•Integrate daylight (e.g. Photocells, dimmers etc.)
Design Options - For buildings

• Lighting systems in Residential Buildings

•Follow recommended BIS codes for lighting
design
•Prefer ceiling lighting over wall mounted fixtures
•Use most efficient lighting equipment (e.g. CFLs,
T-5, electronic chokes etc.)
•Use HPSV lamps instead of fluorescent lamps for
street lighting
 Design Options - At building level
HVAC systems in Commercial buildings
• Follow recommended BIS/AHRAE codes for HVAC design
• Use software tools for thermal comfort prediction to
minimize the risk of air-conditioning
• Design for air cooled system e.g. earth air tunnels, rigid
media coolers etc. or use dessert coolers or air ambiators
• Use software tools for heat load calculation and system &
plant sizing
• Select most efficient plant (s) available for calculated
load
• Use variable air volume system over constant air volume
• Use double skinned Air handling units
• Use two-way valve over three-way motorized valve in
AHUs
• Design variable flow chilled water system
Design Options - At building level

• HVAC systems in Commercial buildings

• Use variable speed fans in Air handling units & cooling
towers
• Select double/three speed fans for Fan coil units
• Provide digital thermostat in all zones
• Provide automated controls for chiller sequencing,
on/off, chilled water flow in distribution circuit,
pumps operation and CO2 controls in AHUs
• Use pumps having mechanical efficiency > 65%
• Design a computer based building-management
control system
• Consider desiccant dehumidification
• Evaluate heat recovery options
Design Options - At building level

Cooling/Heating systems in Residential

buildings
•Use dessert cooler or air ambiator for space
cooling
•Use ducted split or split system instead of
packaged window units in air-conditioning system
•Use rotary compressor in place of reciprocating
compressor
•Provide thermostat controls in all zones
Case study- A building in Gurgaon
Installed chilling plants
VAM-1 & VAM-2 425 TR 145 lit/hr
Centrifugal 400 TR 256 kWh/hr

Existing case (One VAM and centrifugal )

Total cooling required/year : 1443750 Tons-hr
Energy consumed in VAM : 253750 lit
Energy consumed in Centrifugal : 448000 kWh
Avg. SEGR of the installed DGs : 3.5 kWh/lit
Total fuel consumed : 381750 lit

Modified case (Two centrifugal)

Total cooling required/year : 1443750 Tons-hr
Energy consumed in Centrifugal : 924000 kWh
Fuel consumed : 264000 lit

Saving potential
Energy quantity : 117750 lit
Energy cost : Rs 2237250
 Renewable Energy Design
Options
• Renewbale energy options
– Solar energy
– Wind energy
– Fuel cells
 Application Areas

• Macro Level
– Solar Energy
• Solar PV street and boundary lighting
• Solar PV plants on parking shade
• Solar PV powered STD booths / ad
lighting at bus stops
• Solar thermal district heating
• Solar powered signalling systems
• Fuel cells based power plants for
commercial building
 Micro Level
• Solar home lighting systems
• Wind / Solar powered pumping
cum staircase lighting (emergency
lighting)
• Houses designed for use of solar
cookers
• Solar cooling using
– SPV powered coolers
– Solar absorption chillers for
Commercial complexes
 Micro level contd….
• Hybrid systems
– Solar PV /diesel hybrid
– Solar PV /wind battery charging
• Grid interactive systems
– Solar PV systems
• Space heating
 Important Issues

• Policy matters
• Technology gaps
• Proactive marketing
• Product availability
Efficient planning for waste and
water management
 Water Management
At the macrolevel
• Improving the groundwater level by rainwater
harvesting
• Leakage monitoring (water audit)
• Installation of flow meters
• Water metering
• Supply of potable treated water for domestic
applications and groundwater and treated grey
water for public uses
• Dual plumbing lines for supply of potable and
treated grey water for various applications
• Maximizing collection of wastewater from
different sources
• At the microlevel
– Water conservation at households
– By best practices (reuse of washwater, irrigation
schedules, losses and water use)
– Use of efficient low-flow fixtures (dual flush
valve, faucet aerators, pressure reducing device,
sensors)
• Wastewater treatment and recycling
– Decentralised treatment of wastewater to
reduce the load on the sewerage system
– Use of low maintenance systems such as reed
bed
– Recycling of graywater for non potable
applications
 Solid waste management

• At macrolevel
– Identification and demonstration of suitable
technology such as composting, systems for
energy and other resources
– Ensuring adequate infrastructure for
collection and transportation
• At microlevel
– Involvement of residents associations for
segregation of waste
– Decentralised treatment system for organic
waste treatment for resource generation
Thank you