The Zimbabwean: Gardener

The Zimbabwean Gardener
$5
gardener
The Zimbabwean
WINTER 2015 ISSUE 13
ly
A week de for
gui
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i
t
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e
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Propagation
Propagating succulents
Avocados
How to look after your avo tree

Keeping chickens for eggs
All the ins and outs of looking after layers
ISSN 2307-1060
Gardens
Chickens
aloes
Kids
Recipes1
Argentinian gauchos and air plants

In March, I was lucky enough to spend a month under the Argentinian sun.
As the Argentineans would say, I had un espectacular tiempo, spending
my days riding with gauchos, tasting wines, seeing old friends, and lapping
up the beautiful views of their exquisite country.
I spent the first week of my holiday riding with gauchos in the north
of Argentina. The gauchos, the South American cowboys, are much
romanticised about in many books and songs. It was interesting to learn
about the hard yet somewhat romantic life of the gaucho, while riding
through tobacco farms, along riverbeds, under gum trees and wherever
the path led us. In return, I had something I could teach them the name
of some exotic plants we came across. It was like a parallel universe as we
share the same climate, friendly people, plants, economic situation, good
braais and much more!
However, the one thing, which was totally new to me, was the stream of air
plants everywhere in the north of Argentina. They were literally in any place
they could grip onto and not be disturbed: along electricity lines, covering
trees and any other out of reach place. Wanting to find out more about
this fascinating little plant, I jumped on to good ole Google and had a little
chuckle when I read this on the first listing:
Air plants are perfect for those with a fear of houseplants its easy to grow and care for air plants!
Deb Wiley, http://www.bhg.com/gardening/houseplants/care/grow-airplants/
Basically, air plants just feed off air and neglect, so the next time a friend
tells you, I kill everything I touch, give them an air plant with a sign saying
Dont touch me! However, for those of you who have slightly greener
fingers, there is an article on indoor plants on page 14 on how to look after
them, plus a list of the hardier not so easy to kill houseplants.
Ironically, when I was back in Zimbabwe at my first photo shoot, there
they were again. This time some air plants had made it into beautiful floral
arrangements to add texture. What an amazing combination who would
have thought! You can see the talented Kirsty Bennings article on page 20
on using flowers from the garden.
And I am sure that is not the last that I will see of this interesting plant, as
they are back in demand and very fashionable at the moment. Just google
air plant design and you will be in total awe of all the ways people have
used them in different design elements.
Happy gardening!
Kari

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3
GOLDEN STAIRS NURSERY
24
07
09
12
14
17
20
09
Leave the leaves be
Stop the burning of leaves

this winter to prevent air
pollution
400 roses take gold!
One of the NAGC garden of

the year winners puts on a
blooming display
with Cosmas
Learn different
propagating methods
Indoor plants
How to look after your

house plants so they last
longer
A Great Zimbabwe
Garden
A show stopper NAGC

garden of the year winner
Inspiration and help

from the garden
Using plants from the
garden for floral art
24
26
28
29
30
32

Create a winter refuge

for birds, butterflies
and bees
Natural gardening
The winter guide
A weekly and monthly

routine for all gardeners
this winter
What to do in the
veggie garden
Grow letttuce, peas and

butternut
Billys meats
The Natal Mahogany
Dont panic, put a brick

in your cistern!
Learn how to cook Braised

beef short rib stew - a
perfect winter dish
The perfect evergreen tree

for all gardens providing a
bit of something for all
Problems and solutions to

climate change in Zim
17
20
45
36
40
42
45
48
50
32

Chickens for eggs
Avocados in the home

garden
How to look after point-oflay chickens in your garden

for a fresh supply of eggs
How to look after your

avocado tree
Gardening for kids
Avo-lujah!
Whos who
Aloe haroniensis
Learn how to grow an

avocado tree from the
seed
Delicious and different

recipes using avocado to
keep it interesting
Directory of nurseries,
landscapers, lawn, and
many more
A newly discovered
aloe species found in
Zimbabwe
Defrost the
freezer to
maintain its
efficiency.
Contributors
Editor
Kari Olivey
kariolivey@gardener.com
0774 397 529
Advertising enquiries
adverts@gardener.com
0776 188 010
Distribution
The Zimbabwean Gardener &

Print Media Distribution
Contributors
Kari Olivey, Lindsay Charters, Ant Fynn,

Sally Meikle, Gill Olivey, Cosmas, Caryl
Stutchbury, Dr. Lisa Marabini, Bridget
Henderson, Kirsty Jean Benning, Andy
Roberts, Sarah Whaley
$5
gardener
The Zimbabwean
With thanks to
AUTUMN 2015 ISSUE 12
Gill & Tony Olivey, Emerald Seedlings,

Sally Meikle, Belinda Thompson, Winke
and Mike Schmolke, Norman and Jean
Kennaird, Kim MacDonald and Tawny
Stidolph
e to
Its tim ur
plant yo as!
pe
sweet
Grey foliage
A variety of water wise plants
Understand Soil
Get to know and improve your soil
Photography by
Community gardening
Bulawayo grows veggies for the community
Kari Olivey
Print
ISSN 2307-1060
GARDENS
VEGGIES COMMUNITY FOLIAGE
ROSES 1
Raptor
Contribution
If you would like to contribute an article

to The Zimbabwean Gardener, please
contact the editor.
Disclaimer
While every effort has been made to

ensure the accuracy of its contents,
the editor cannot be held responsible
for any omission or errors. The
Zimbabwean Gardener has the right
to make alterations to any article
submitted, and cannot be held
responsible for the loss of or damage to
any material submitted for publication.
The views expressed in this publication
are not necessarily those of the editor.
All prices quoted were correct at the
time of going to press, and may vary
from shop to shop. The Zimbabwean
Gardener is not responsible for copyright
issues with advertisers and the pictures
or texts they have used - this is the
responsibility of the advertisors.
The Zimbabwean Gardener 2012.
No part of this magazine may be
reproduced or transmitted in any
form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying,
recording or any information storage
or retrieval system without prior
permission from the publisher.
6
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The corner of alpes rd
and Calgary rd
$2 per issue
NEXT ISSUE OUT IN SEPTEMBER 2015

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thezimbabweangardener.com
Cleaner air
Leave the
By Dr Lisa Marabini
leaves be
Carbon monoxide, is an invisible gas that results from

incomplete combustion in burning leaf piles. Carbon monoxide
is absorbed into the bloodstream through the lungs and
combines with red blood cells. This reduces the amount of
oxygen the red blood cells can absorb and supply to body
tissues. Unborn children, newborn infants, smokers, the elderly,
and persons with heart and chronic lung disease are the most
susceptible to carbon monoxide. Additionally, burning organic
matter also releases carbon dioxide into the air which can
contribute to global warming and climate change.
r
ea
xp
e
s
e!
enc
i
r
e
5%
discoun
vouchert
25
Autumn is here, the leaves are falling and already an alarming

number of illegal residential leafy bonfires are being set.
Choking on an inconsiderate neighbours leaf smoke is more
than just an irritation: it can pose serious health risks. The
open burning of leaves produces particulate matter and
hydrocarbons (similar to those found in tobacco smoke),
which contain a number of toxic, irritant, and carcinogenic
(cancer-causing) compounds, as well as carbon monoxide.
The particulate matter consists of tiny particles that can reach
the deepest regions of the lung and remain there for months.
Breathing particulate matter can increase the chances of
respiratory infection, reduce the volume of air inhaled and
impair the lungs ability to use that air. Particulate matter can
also trigger asthma attacks.
Good air quality is everyones responsibility

- avoid polluting the air this winter and start
composting!
paint specialists
Stockists of
Dulux,
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Astra Paints
colour matching/tinting
paint accessories
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Dulux trained painters
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Email: sales@paintandpainter.co.zw
Because leaves are often moist and burn without proper

air circulation (those insidious smouldering fires that last
all night!), they often burn poorly, producing high levels of
hydrocarbons. Hydrocarbons are chemicals that can cause
irritation of the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs, and can cause
cancer in the long term.
We need to take protecting our air quality seriously. There are 7
billion people that we share this planet with, and we each need
to make sure we are not part of the problem - dont be afraid
of educating your neighbours on the impacts! The eco-friendly
alternative of disposing leaves is to make compost. Use the
compost to enrich your soil - your plants will love it.
Burning leaves is illegal! You could be fined heavily by EMA
(Environmental Management Agency).
400 roses take gold!
Congratulations to Mr and Mrs Kennaird for winning the NAGC Garden of the year for the
two acre and less category. Their rose filled garden was a delight to see when they opened
it to the public in May.
Garden feature
Our garden, is 12 years old and was originally started by
Norman and Elisabeth, it is essentially an English country
garden. Sadly, Elisabeth passed away in 2006 and Norman
was determined to keep the garden going in her memory.
That is how I, Jean, became involved, by helping him to
continue its development. Norman and I got married in
2012 and it is now our garden. Jean Kennaird.
Jean and Normans garden is the quintessential English
garden with its roses and informal planting of mixed beds,
which have been very well thought out. As the Kennairds
mentioned, We have long discussions about what we are
going to do next in the garden. This is not a hobby; they
have created a piece of art.
Their romantic garden is hidden away in Mazowe, however,
it was put on show to the public after they won the National
Association of Garden Clubs (NAGC) Best Garden of 2015
in the two acres and less category, and tied first with John
Hibbert. It was easy to see why they had won, as their
garden flowed with colour in mixed beds brimming with
a wide variety of hibiscus, duranta, fuchsias, colourful
annuals and perennials, not forgetting the countless
varieties of healthy and beautiful roses, over 400 to be
exact. I think that in itself deserves a first place.
This garden is high maintenance and is not for the feint
hearted, however, as Jean states, It would not be possible
without the help of George and Graceford, our hard working
gardeners. Looking after 400 roses itself seems a daunting
The NAGC Garden

Competition of 2015
The NAGC held the garden
competition in the beginning
of the year - it was open to all
the public. The winners were as
follows:
Best Waterwise garden:
Mary Willcock
Best Garden 2 acres and less:
Tie first between John Hibbert
and Jean and Norman Kennaird
Best Garden 2 acres and more:
Kim MacDonald.
The winners kindly opened their
gardens to the public in May,
which was a great inspiration for
all to see a range of interesting
gardens and ideas.
10
enough task to most, yet they have done a fantastic job as

every bed is mulched, every plant glows with health, and
as the judges noted, 99% of the garden seems disease free.
They also have another challenge to contend with - the
Vervet monkeys, who think they grow vegetables especially
for them.
They have many interesting features in their garden that
lead you across their luscious sweeping lawn from one
point to the next. A gazebo in the corner under a large
Jacaranda gives you a total new look out point, from there
you can take one of the many paths, leading you through
the rose beds with mildew free Busy lizzies brightening up
the borders of the rose gardens.
Even the front of the house has been adorned with pots
filled with roses, geraniums and verbena - not one bit of
their garden has been neglected. Every part and plant has
been treated with just as much care as the next.
One feature that stood out in their garden was the duranta
pyramid, which has been grown, maintained and pruned
to perfection. The pyramid could be seen from every angle
of the garden. After our wonderful morning of viewing their
garden, it made its last appearance. As we turned around
and said goodbye to the Kennairds, the light had given the
duranta a unique halo.
Many thanks to Jean and Norman for sharing their
wonderful garden with us.
Garden feature
11
Propagation
with Cosmas
I have found that winter is the best time to propagate
succulents because they prefer cooler conditions to send
out roots. If you do them in summer, especially if outdoors,
they may rot due to wet conditions.
Succulent leaf cuttings
1. I prefer to propagate Echeveria, Pachyphytums and

many species of the Crassula family by leaf cuttings.
2. First remove the mature, healthy leaves by pulling
them out from the stem and then allow the wound to
dry off for one day in a semi shaded place.
3. Prepare a seed tray with holes at the bottom and fill
with half clean river sand and half compost.
Succulent rosette cuttings

Use this method when Echeveria and Pachyphytums plants
are becoming overcrowded with rosettes
1. Cut off a rosette with a clean knife from the mother
plant, making sure you remove it with a fair amount of
stem. Leave it for one or two days to dry off and callus.
2. Fill the pot or tray with clean river sand, making sure
there are holes for drainage.
3. With a clean stick, the size of a pencil, make holes in
the medium. Then, gently push a rosette cutting into
a hole so it stands upright, not too deep as it may rot.
Finally, firm the soil around.
4. After planting and labelling, put in a bright warm
place and water twice a week ,initially, until roots are
established.
5. After four to six weeks, roots will be formed and ready
to plant out. Be careful not to over water them.
6. When they become overcrowded, it is time to
propagate the rosettes again.
4. Press holes into the medium and then press a quarter

of the leaf into the medium.
5. Space the leaf cuttings about 2cms apart.
6. Label the plant with name and date.
7. Put in a bright, warm place, keeping it slightly moist.
8. After a couple of months, when the leaves have rooted
and produced new plantlets, they are ready to plant out.
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amount of water to be applied evenly over your whole garden
at the right intervals. This is without anybody having to
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off. As the water tables around Zimbabwes cities continue to
drop, saving water while keeping your garden green or even
alive is a growing concern. With this type of irrigation system,
you can greatly reduce overwatering and thereby save water,
whilst still keeping your garden looking lush and green.
The first thing to consider in the design process is the flow
of water available and the size of the area to be irrigated.
Generally in Harare, you will need a minimum constant flow
of 2,000 litres per hour from your borehole to fully irrigate a
half hectare garden. If you do not know the capacity of your
borehole, you can measure it by timing how long it takes to fill
a tank of known volume and calculating the flow in litres per
hour. As the amount of water you have increases, the duration
of irrigation will decrease. Do not become despondent if
nature has not been kind to you, and you do not have a
prolific borehole: you can get around this by collecting the
water in a storage tank and then boosting it to the sprinklers
with a booster pump.
In terms of the actual set up, the sprinklers should be
positioned on a 12m x 12m grid throughout the garden
and each sprinkler position will be assessed and a specific
nozzle fitted depending on the area it services. The sprinklers
are then grouped together into zones so that the total flow
required for each zone does not exceed the flow of water
available. An average garden will require up to 30 sprinklers,
which would be divided between 6 and 10 zones each
requiring roughly the same flow. If you have areas using micro
jets or drip irrigation, these must have their own zones as the
application rates of these systems are very different to pop up
sprinklers.
can be programmed to start at a specific time and it will open

and close the valves, sequentially watering each zone at the
specified time. This will allow for watering in the evening or
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If you fancy a practical demonstration, Driptech has working
automatic systems at our Avondale and Glenara branches
where our staff will gladly guide you through the functionality
and setup of the system.
Driptech supplies all of the equipment required to sprinkle
some happiness back into your garden, and if you feel
adventurous and want to install it yourself we can help you
in designing the perfect scheme for you. Alternatively, we can
put you in touch with a contractor who will assist you.
The next step in the process is to establish a manifold of

valves, one for each zone, within close proximity to the
controller. A network of pipes must then be laid to service
each zone. Once the entire system is connected, the controller
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13
Pot plants
Indoor plants
What to choose?
In Zimbabwe, we have a wide range of indoor plants

of all shapes and sizes available at our local nurseries.
Most indoor house plants available dont flower but have
interesting shaped foliage. I love variegated leaves or
palms; generally, there is a plant for everybody.
First of all, decide where you want to put a plant in your
house so you will know the size and how much light it will
receive. With this knowledge in hand, it is easier to find
what you are looking for at a nursery.
Always ask your local nurseryman how large the plant will
get and how much light it needs before you buy it.
Generally, stones at the bottom help with drainage, then

fill the pot up with a mixture of two parts good soil, and
two parts potting soil or well rotted compost, and one
part sand. However, different types of plants will need
different ratios, for example, plants that need good
drainage such as succulents and cacti do better in a
sandier mix.
Feeding
I like to feed my indoor plants with a mixture of one

part worm leachate to ten parts of water once or twice
14
a month, from my little vermiculture set up outside my

kitchen. However, if you dont have access to worm
leachate, try a foliar feed, which are available at most
nurseries.
Cleaning
Dust can quickly build up on leaves. This isnt only

unsightly but also prevents plants from growing properly.
Clean with a piece of cotton wool or sponge dipped in
water, preferably a soapy water to deter the aphids.
Getting into a good cleaning routine also helps to keep an
eye on disease such as mealy bug and scale, which can be
easily removed whilst cleaning.
Watering
Potting up
aspidistra
Pot plants can add as much character to your

house as a piece of furniture. Treat it with a
bit of tender loving care and it will last longer
than you think.
benjamina
ficus
varigated
Most houseplants are killed by overwatering. Try to get

into a routine of watering your plants so you know when
it should be done, rather than dousing them whenever
you feel like giving them a bit of TLC. Aim to keep the
soil moist but wait until it has almost dried out before
rewatering.
Generally plants will need watering more during the
spring and summer growing seasons, and less in winter
when dormant. In summer, it is always a good idea to take
your plants out the house and give them a good soaking
do this once or twice a year.
Howea
forsteriana
schefflera
Pot plants
Light
General yellowing
Yellowing at the base of the plant, it is natural. However,
if several yellow leaves fall, it could be due to one of these
many factors: over watering, overfeeding, soil exhaustion,
cold, aphids or red spider.
Repotting
SUDDEN LEAF DROP

Leaves falling suddenly could be due to a sudden change of
conditions
Most house plants need good indirect light. If they start to

get spindly or leggy, it might mean that they need more
light. Plants tend to turn their leaves and stems towards the
light; turn them regularly to avoid uneven growth.
When you start seeing roots coming out the base of the pot,
or they need frequent watering and make little new growth
even if you are feeding them correctly, it is time to repot
the plant. When you remove the plant from the pot, tap it
to remove the soil and then tease out any knotted roots.
Finally, refill a larger pot with a new soil mix.
Common hardy indoor pot plants
Keep it healthy
A warm cosy house is a great place for pests to breed, so

best keep an eye out for them. The most common pests you
will find on house plants are mealy bug, scale, red spider
and aphids. By cleaning the houseplants regularly with
soapy water is the best and most natural way of controlling
the pests - make sure you dont drench them though. There
are both organic and non organic pesticides, which you can
find at local nurseries. If you do need to spray your plants, it
is best to take your plant outside to spray it - I would never
advise spraying indoors.
Mildew, which is a whitish powder found on leaves, could
be a sign of excessive watering, overcrowded plants or
excessive humidity.
Just remember when you buy a plant, make sure it is
healthy and not full of pests or diseases. Here are some
other common symptoms showing ill health:
Delicious monsters
Fluffy ruffles fern
Ficus benjamina
Aspidistra
Philodendron
Dracaena
Dieffenbachia
Schefflera
Begonias
Asparagus sp ferns
Anthurium
Hen and chicken
Sansevieria
Syngonium
Kentia palm (Howea)
Succulents
Indoor plants for bathrooms

Hen and chicken
Peace lily
Maidenhair fern
Christmas cactus
Indoor plants for kitchens

Potted herbs on window sills
Ornamental chilli
African violet
Plants for the verandah
Spindly growth
This is due to a lack of light.
Anthurium
wILTING
This can mean dryness at roots, excessive sun or
waterlogged soil
Croton Chamaedorea palm

And all of the hardy indoor pot plants above
Sansevieria
benjamina
ficus
Dieffenbachia
15
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A Great Zimbabwe Garden
17

How does one describe a garden like this
when it leaves you, not breathless, but
totally speechless? This show stopper of a
garden, which belongs to the MacDonald
family, won the NAGC Garden of the year for
the category: two acres and more garden.
Kim Macdonald, a carpenter by trade and a creative and
fun man by nature, has only recently become a gardening
addict and is especially hooked on aloes, succulents and
bromeliads. Unbelievably, he has turned around this garden
in 14 months, yes just 14 months! Now I feel neither the
beginner nor the green fingered gardeners have any excuses
in achieving the dream garden. Admittedly, there was a good
basic foundation to the garden before he started. However,
when the Aloe and Cactus Society visited his garden 14
months ago, they came armed with a variety of plants, which
kick-started his enthusiasm for gardening. Since then, he has
nearly bought out every Aloe and Cactus Society sale, every
bromeliad seller and much more to create an exuberant,
lush and intriguing tropical garden.
With all his enthusiasm and creativity, he has designed the
ideal garden, which is full of different nooks and crannies.
Every little space has its own character, accessible via the
countless paths that lead you across bridges, over the raised
delicious monster walk way, past a waterfall streaming down
a proud granite rock and even up to his small recreation of
The Great Zimbabwe ruins hidden very majestically at the
back of his house. I walked around his garden three or four
times to make sure I had taken every path, examined every
view, yet there was always something new to discover.
With wonderful towering trees, Kim has used a lush
collection of shade-loving exotic plants beneath them
adding to the wonderful jungle-like feel. You really feel as
though you are on an expedition. After trekking through
the jungle, you come out to an opening of a large granite
rock, which Kim calls the drier side and has used beautiful
aloes and succulents to adorn it. Walking up the slight hill,
alongside the rock, you are welcomed by the miniature
version of Great Zimbabwe a great way to end the
expedition! Besides using aloes as architectural features,
he has left this place very natural as it fits in so well with the
surrounding granite rocks, making it feel like this is the real
thing.
One feature that complimented everything was the colour of
the exterior of their house: cement. I dont think this would
work for any old house, but it has for the Macdonalds as it
blends in with the surrounding granite rocks. Kim has used
his carpentry skills to embellish the house with beautiful
wooden windows. But above all, as the house melts into the
background, the garden becomes the hero, and I cant think
of a more perfect way to end this story!
Congratulations to the MacDonalds for your much deserved
win and thank you for letting us view your wonderful garden.
18
19
Flowers in the home
Inspiration and help

from the garden
By Kirsty Jean
It is amazing what beautiful plants you can

find, even if in a garden with little or no
water.
20
Flowers in the home

Many of our indigenous plants that we grow in our gardens
have such sculptural beauty and can be added to any
arrangement. Dont be afraid to incorporate them with bought
flowers to add interest to floral arrangements in your home.
The coffee table
Echeveria from my garden, in a vintage style pot, next to a

vase of King Proteas I purchased, might sound so simple, yet
it makes quite a statement! I went a step further by grouping
objects with the arrangements - if you do this, make sure you
use the same tones as the furniture or art pieces used around
the room. For example, I have picked tones to compliment
this beautiful blue Olly French painting in the background
and the colourful cushions placed on the couch, creating a
colourful story.
King Proteas
Echeveria
The hallway
The hallway in my home has beautiful upcycled furniture my

sister made. I did a petite flower arrangement to compliment
the feel of the room, using purple and white roses and
for my foliage, I used what I could find from the garden:
echeveria, small airplants, the Balloon plant (Gomphocarpus
physocarpus), as well as, a variety of ferns to give it a softer
and more romantic look. If you are going for a more romantic
look, use softer, airier and smaller looking flowers or foliage in
the arrangement, such as Limonium, ferns, or Babys breath.
Tip
Sometimes your echeveria may have short stumpy stems; to

create a longer stem so it is easier to use in the arrangement, use
a long piece of wire and attach it to the stem with florist tape.
balloon plant
air plant
21
Flowers in the home

The dining room table
To go with the rustic feel I was aiming for, a carpenter whipped

up this simple box for my arrangement. This box is ideal as it
sweeps across the table, making the arrangement low enough
for people to see each other without having to weave your head
around the arrangement to have a conversation.
For the table arrangement, I used a variety of succulents,
ferns and air plants to create texture and visual interest in my
arrangement. The only flowers that I bought were two bunches
of roses and a touch of Limonium, to soften the whole look.
To complete the table setting, I found beautiful objects all
available in Zimbabwe: a beautiful vintage print cloth to use as
a table cloth and subtle silvery- grey beaded table mats.
limonium
lace fern
The must have
The Lace fern, Asparagus setaceus, is an ideal plant to grow in

your garden as you use it in a wide range of arrangements or
even to make corsages with the help of green floral tape.
Where to buy It
Paintings by Olly French 0772 206 874

Up-Cycled Furniture (Coffee Table, Chairs, little 2-drawer
cupboard) Kisses For Jack 0772 289 559
Cushions fromThe Gallery
Fabric for other cushions from Sassafras
Table Cloth Fabric from Parade Fabrics Msasa
Glass Vases some were bought from Dusk Home
All other vases from Kirsty Jean Flowers and Hiring
Naomi white Roses from Pistachios Borrowdale
King Proteas from Floribunda
We design flowers and table decor for weddings and

functions, from large corporate launches to small, intimate
Kitchen Teas or Hens parties. We have a large variety of stock
available for hire, with our website coming out soon. Please
check out our Facebook page (Kirsty Jean Flowers and Decor)
to see our previous functions and weddings.
kirstyjeanbenning@gmail.com
0772 289 557
22
23
The nature garden
Create a winter refuge for

birds, butterflies and bees
By Lindsay Charters
24
The nature garden

A chain is only as strong as its
weakest link. This old adage
can be applied to your garden
when planning to make it a
haven for birds, butterflies,
bees and other wildlife.
If youd like to establish a garden with
thriving populations of birds and
butterflies, youll need to establish food
sources and breeding habitats for them,
as well as, all the other members of the
food chain. Birds and butterflies are part
of a complex, inter-dependent web that
includes plants, insects, worms, bacteria,
fungi, reptiles, mammals and more. The
weakening or destruction of one link will
have a ripple effect across the system.
No more toxic chemicals
Most importantly, avoid using toxic

chemicals in your garden as they will be
incorporated into the food chain, doing
untold damage down the line.
The winter garden pantry
One of the most important ways of

ensuring you are creating a garden that
birds and other species will become
resident and breed in (as opposed to
visiting occasionally); is to include a
wide variety of plants that will provide
nectar, seeds, fruit and breeding habitat
in the winter and early spring months.
Many of the plants commonly known as
bird or butterfly attracters are summer/
autumn flowering and it can take a
bit of planning to ensure you have
some winter flowering plants that feed
wildlife as well as looking pretty.
Winter staples
Butterflies, bees and sunbirds

Aloes and succulents are at their best in
winter with vibrant flowers that contain
rich nectar supplies. Heliotrope flowers
throughout winter, providing your
butterflies with nectar and you with a
sweet, heady smell.
Carpenter bees
These are often mistakenly called
bumble bees and are essential
pollinators for many food crops
like granadillas, aubergines, peas
and tomatoes. Winter-flowering
Plectranthus species and Anisodontea
scabrosa (Cape Mallow) will also keep
them buzzing.
Honey bees
Lavender is a winter staple for honey bees
but most people prune their lavender in
July, leaving no flowers for the bees. To
avoid that, prune some of your bushes in
two week intervals from the beginning of
June until the end of July.
Food for the birds
Insects and worms form the basis of
many small birds diets. To keep the
birds, your garden must play host to a
variety of beetles and bugs. To do this:
Keep all bare soil covered in a thick
layer of dead leaves that will provide
insects with a good breeding ground.
Keep your worm populations going
through the cold months by applying
compost regularly to provide them with
food and to maintain vital soil moisture
levels.
Top Tip
Many bird species will select a nesting

site in the winter months plant shrubs
and trees that encourage nesting.
Super food sources
These super food sources are not

only wildlife attractors, but are also
indigenous and water-wise:
Ruttya fruticosa (Jammy Mouth)
The red or yellow flowers last on the
bush until mid-winter and they attract
butterflies, carpenter bees and sunbirds.
The seeds feed a wide variety of birds
and last on the bush well into spring.
The dense branches are very popular
nesting sites for small garden birds.
Clerodendron ugandese (Oxford and

Cambridge)
Their blue and white flowers that last
well into winter attract many different
species of butterflies and carpenter
bees. Small fleshy fruit feed the birds all
through the lean months.
Phoenix reclinata (Wild date palm)
This indigenous palm is a valuable
addition to any garden: the seeds feed
many birds through winter and spring
and the leaves provide birds with
material to build nests in preparation
for spring. Insects also live and breed in
the stumps of dead leaves.
Dont let them go thirsty
Provide the wildlife and insects in your

garden with a reliable source of water.
Install birdbaths or ponds in different
areas of the garden and make sure they
are kept topped up. In the dry season,
birds and bees will come to rely on the
water sources you provide and can
become stranded if you let them dry up.
Keep it cosy
Butterflies need to warm up in the

morning sun before they are able
to fly. To remain active they need as
much warmth as possible in winter.
Plant butterfly-attracting shrubs and
flowers in north-facing beds that get full
sun from the early morning onwards.
Butterflies are also attracted to flowers
planted in areas sheltered from the
chilly winter wind.
Lizards and skinks help control insect
pests in the garden and provide a
food source for small raptors. They
are cold-blooded reptiles that bask in
the morning sun to warm up before
their muscles can work fast enough to
enable them to scuttle out of harms
way. Build a rockery with some large,
flat rocks, set in soil (not concrete) or
place some large rocks in a flowerbed
in a spot that receives winter morning
sun and the lizards will come!
Lindsay
0772 573 489
lindsay@thegardenclub.co.zw
www.thegardenclub.co.zw
25
What to do
The winter guide

By Gill Olivey and Sally Meikle
A weekly and monthly garden guide to help beginner

gardeners or for those who like a routine to see what
gardening chores should be done this winter
The weekly routine
Use this as a guideline to see what you should be doing on a weekly basis. You
can change the days to suit you or add other tasks. Where it says monthly task,
do a task on the opposite page according to the month.
EVERYDAY
MORNING
Feed animals and fill water bowls, put away bedding
Water and deadhead pot plants, hanging baskets and clean up lawn.
Remove garbage from house and recycle cans, bottles, plastic and paper
Switch on pumps for pools or water features.
Clean swimming pool
EVENING
Switch off pool pumps.
Clean garden tools and lock away.
Roll up hosepipe and cover.
Provide protection at night from frost to newly planted shrubs and trees
MONDAY
Weed and mulch veggie garden, water if necessary.

Feed annuals, pot plants and veggies where necessary
Collect vegetables.
Backwash pool, weekly dose of alginate late afternoon.
MONTHLY TASK
TUESDAY
WEDNESDAY
THURSDAY
FRIDAY
TIPS
26
Clean outside verge.

Sweep driveway.
Weed front lawn.
Tidy shrubs and hedges
Spray annuals, veggies or any plants where necessary before it gets too hot.
Mulch beds to protect roots of tender plants from frost and cold as well as to retain
moisture.
Weed back lawn.
Mow the lawn, trim edges, rake up grass and add to compost pile.
Water veggie garden if necessary and collect vegetables
Remove faded flowers.
Wash cars
Tidy garden shed and make note of fertilisers, chemicals, tools needed
Do not put dog faeces and cooked food on the compost heap.
As the days get cooler, mow less frequently and not too low.
Lawns, aerate using a large metal fork and comb the lawn once a month. Mow if
necessary.
From June dont water in the afternoons to prevent frost-burn.
Turn and water your compost well monthly.
What to do
Monthly tasks
According to the season and temperature, tasks will change every month. The task list also shows you what vegetable and
annual seedlings you should be planting that month. Keep up to date with this list and your garden will be over flowing with
colour and vegetables.

June
July
August
Roses, reduce the quantity and frequency of watering. Remove spent

blooms, but keep as much leaf on the plant as possible. Cut down
fertilising and spraying your roses as well.
Fruit trees. Citrus are evergreen, therefore require water every 3
weeks throughout the year. Prune away dead wood to reduce
disease. Thin out fruit if the branches appear to be overladen.
Towards the end of the month start to prune deciduous fruit
trees. Shape young trees to obtain a cup shaped frame and strong
branches. Feed, mulch basins and water well.
Veggie Garden. Feed and mulch beds. Watch out for aphids in your
brassicas. Protect peas from the birds and also stake the plants. Pick
peas regularly to encourage more flowers. Cover cauliflower heads
with 3 leaves to protect from the sun and to keep the heads white.
VEGGIE SEEDLINGS
Beetroot, broad beans,
broccoli, cabbage, carrots,
cauliflower, celery, lettuce,
leeks, onions, peas, rape,
radishes, Swiss chard.
ANNUAL SEEDLINGS
Alyssum, antirrhinum,
cineraria, cornflower,
delphinium, dianthus,
foxglove, larkspur, lobelia,
pansy, penstemon, phlox,
primula, Sweet William,
verbena and viola.
Veggie seedlings
Continue to feed annuals and bulbs once a fortnight with a liquid
Beetroot, broccoli,
fertiliser or ZFC Best Bloom. Water them once a week.
cabbages, carrots,
There is still time to plant out lilium bulbs and gladiolii. Its also a
cauliflower,
lettuce, leeks,
good time to give all Irises a dressing of superphosphates, mulch with
peas,
rape
and Swiss
compost and water well.
chard.
Stop watering your roses 4 to 6 weeks before they are pruned. Roses
are best pruned towards the end of the month or early August.
Annual Seedlings
The majority of climbers and shrubs, if overgrown, can be pruned at
the end of the month, removing dead wood, thin straggly stems and
Alyssum, antirrhinum,
creating the desired shape. Dig in compost, feed, mulch and water
delphinium, dianthus,
well. Delay pruning in very cold gardens until August to prevent frost foxglove, larkspur, lobelia,
damage to tender new growth.
nemesia, pansy, petunia
Cover cauliflower heads by folding 3 leaves over the head to keep the head
and viola.
white. Check them periodically to look for pests lurking undercover!
Veggie seedlings
When the weather warms up, give your shrubs and perennials, an
Bush and runner beans,
application of fertiliser (Vegefert) and compost, then mulch and water
broccoli, cabbage,
well. Cut back poinsettias by two-thirds when they have finished
cauliflower, carrots, celery,
blooming.
lettuce, potatoes, rape,
When all danger of frost is past, cut back fuchsias by two-thirds,
Swiss chard and spring
removing long and straggly stems.
onions. When warmer
Roses, if you didnt prune last month, prune at the beginning of
plant tomatoes, brinjals
August. After pruning, apply fertiliser, add compost and decomposed
and peppers.
manure into the soil. Mulch generously, then water. To protect the
Annual Seedlings
new young shoots from disease, apply a full cover spray with a broadAlyssum, begonia (in
spectrum fungicide.
warmer
areas), coleus,
Perennials, this is a good time to divide large clumps and replant the
bedding
dahlia,
lobelia,
young plants in freshly composted soil. Otherwise trim old leaves and
marigold,
carpet
petunias
stems of perennials. Fork in compost and fertilise, water thoroughly.
(good rain tolerance),
Daylilies to be fed with manure and fertiliser, then water well.
portulaca, salvia and viola.
Trees Shrubs Roses Grass plugs,

Flower & Vegetable seedlings
The Corner of Alpes Rd and Calgary Close (opp Wingate Golf Course)
Cosmas 0772 382 081
Gill 0772 301 440
27
The veggie garden
In the veggie garden this winter

By Andy Roberts
June
lettuce
Days
to
harv
est
60 - 7
0
Heading or iceberg type lettuces can

be grown year-round on the highveld.
In very hot months, such as October
and November bolting (flowering)
may occur.
BED PREPARATION
Lettuces can be grown successfully
in all types of soils. They require little
fertiliser so be wary of over-fertilising
especially on heavy soils. Use 50g per
m2 of Vegefert as a basal dressing.
Plant seedlings 30cm apart. Apply 5g
(a teaspoon) of AN per plant 3 weeks
after emergence if not using manure.
Dont water stress. Mulch well once
plants have established. Spraying is
not necessary in winter.
The smaller fancy lettuces, which
dont produce heads, can be grown
at a much higher density; space 15cm
apart. Harvest before they produce
stems by which stage they may taste
bitter.
TIP
There are only so many lettuces the
family will eat! Plant the iceberg
lettuces every two weeks in winter, as
they can be held in the field for about
two weeks at this time of year.
What to plant in winter

The following crops can be grown
throughout this period: brassicas,
lettuce, carrots, Swiss chard.
From August, grow tomatoes,
capsicums, potatoes and cucurbits.
July
peas
Days
to
harv
est
120
BED PREPARATION
Peas perform well on fertile, heavy
soils but can be grown successfully on
lighter soils if a lot of compost is used.
Apply 10g of Vegefert for each seed
to be planted and mix well in. Seeds
are directly sown between 1 and 2 cm
deep, 15cm in the row and rows 40cm
apart. Keep damp and use a light
mulch to aid germination. Not all peas
need to be staked; read the label on
the packet. Sow 2 seeds per station
and weed out the weaker plant.
Apply a good mulch three weeks after
germination. Also apply 5g of AN at 3
weeks and every 3 weeks thereafter
whilst the plants are healthy.
Problems
Powdery mildew (white powdery layer
on the underside of the leaf) will be a
problem. Spray Folicur at 5ml in 10
litres water and add a few drops of
dishwasher to assist wetting the leaves.
Allow a seven day pre-harvest interval.
Tip
When spraying there is no need
to soak the plant; it just wastes
chemicals. Stop just before the mix
drips off the leaf.
Compound fertiliser
measurements
approximations
Teaspoon = 5g
Wine bottle top = 10g
Tablespoon = 35g
Standard cup 200ml = 250g
August
Butternut
squash
Days
to
harv
est
90 -1
10
BED PREPARATION
Pre-fertilise with 20g per plant of
Vegefert and mix well in. 5g of gypsum
per seed should also be mixed in.
Use plenty of compost if growing on
a sandy soil. Sow seed 1cm deep and
space 40cm apart (two hand spans).
Apply 5g of AN at three weeks, then six
and nine weeks after emergence. Use
a very light mulch until three weeks
after germination. A heavy mulch is
beneficial but take care not to cover
the leaves.
Problems
The cucurbits are susceptible to
powdery mildew which if not treated
will kill the plant. The name is
descriptive; look for a powdery layer,
usually on the underside of the leaf.
Spray Twist at 12g in 10 litres of
water with a wetter (dishwasher). Do
not spray within 7 days of harvest.
Spider mites can be a problem. Look
closely on the lower side of the leaf,
you may need a hand lens to spot
them. Spray Dynamec/abamectin
at 2ml per litre. Allow a pre-harvest
interval of 7 days.
Emerald seedlings
We offer a wide range of
vegetable seedlings.
Emerald Seedlings,
Alpes Rd, Teviotdale
Vegetable seedlings office
0772 326 446
seedling@zol.co.zw
Billys meats
Braised Beef Short
Rib Stew
This delicious stew is a
perfect winter dish.
Braising is a style of cooking with both
dry and moist heats. Usually the meat
is seared at a high temperature, then
cooked at a lower temperature in a
covered pot, usually with liquids and
selected ingredients to complete the
cooking process.
Braising is an excellent way to cook
tougher, more affordable cuts of meat.
It relies on heat, moisture and time to
tenderise the tougher fibres common
in meats such as brisket, blade, shin
and short ribs.
Cooking using pressure cookers, slow
cookers and crockpots are examples
of braising. This months recipe is best
prepared a day before it is to be eaten.
It also freezes well, and lends itself
to your own personal touches, such
as a bit of chilli or a selection of your
favourite herbs and/or spices.
Prep Time: 30 minutes
Cook Time: 210 minutes
Serves 6 generous portions
Ingredients
3 kg beef short ribs with bones
2 large onions, peeled
3 large carrots, peeled
4 large celery stalks
4 cloves garlic, peeled
3 bay leaves
Fresh thyme sprigs
1 can diced tomatoes
2 litres beef stock
1 cup red wine
Salt and ground black pepper to taste
Method
1. Preheat oven to 150C.
2. Quarter the onions, and chop the
celery and carrots into 2cm chunks.
3. Dry the ribs and generously
season them with salt.
4. Heat a small amount of oil in
a large pot until its smoking
hot. Brown the beef well on all
sides over a high heat. Do this in
batches, as the ribs wont brown
as well if the pan is too crowded.
Remove the ribs and set aside.
5. Reduce the heat and add the carrot,
celery, onion and garlic. Saut in
the resulting beef juices for a few
minutes until slightly browned.
6. Add the wine and use a spoon to
loosen all the dark, flavoursome
bits from the bottom of the pan.
7. Add the can of tomatoes, bay

leaves, a couple of thyme sprigs
and the browned beef.
8. Add the stock. If theres not enough
liquid to cover the meat, add water
until the ribs are just covered.
9. Season to taste with salt and
freshly ground black pepper.
Bring to boil, then cover with a
tightly fitting lid and transfer the
pot to the oven.
10. Allow the meat to braise for 3
hours without interruption of the
cooking process.
11. Add the carrots and braise for a
further 30 minutes.
12. Remove the pot from oven; let it
rest for 20 minutes, then serve.
The meat may have fallen off the
bone, but thats what makes it
tender and tasty.
Options

When youre adding the carrots

this is a good time to add
extra vegetables to your meat.
Suggestions include mushrooms
(sliced and lightly fried), peas,
beans and lentils.
If you want to thicken the gravy,
then spoon a little of the stews
liquid into a bowl. Add a couple of
tablespoons of flour, corn flour or
mushroom soup powder and mix
well to remove all the lumps. Stir
it back into the stew.
When cooking your stew in a
pressure cooker or a slow cooker,
remember to adjust your cooking
times and the amount of liquid
you use. A pressure cooker will
generally cook your meal in one
third of the time it would take on
the stove or in the oven, while a
slow cooker will take three times
longer. Because liquids do not
evaporate the way they do in an
oven or stove, the amount of stock
can be reduced.
BOND ST CNR
MOUNT PLEASANT SHOPS
The chase, harare
Tel: +263 4 336373/9
POMONA SHOPPING CENTRE

SHOP NO 3
BORROWDALE, harare
Tel: +263 4 882200
Email: bilsan@zol.co.zw
EMAIL: biff@yoafrica.com
29
Indigenous trees
The Natal Mahogany

What would one look for in the almost
ideal indigenous tree for your garden?
Probably a large tree that is attractive, fast
growing, provides good shade, is evergreen,
and good for birds and insects. The Natal
Mahogany fulfills all of this and more.
The Trichilia emetica, commonly known the Natal
Mahogany, has been one of the most popular indigenous
trees for many years and deservedly so. In fact many people
do not realise that it is indigenous.
Description
Mature trees can reach a height of 15 to 20 metres, with a

lovely rounded shape. Being evergreen, they provide good
shade all year round and make a good shade tree in the
garden too. Their flowers, which are smallish and white,
are very popular with bees and other insects. The fruit is a
greenish capsule which splits when ripe to show the 2 to 3
seeds inside. The seeds are very attractive, being black and
almost covered by a fleshy red aril. It has separate male and
30
By Ant Fynn
female plants, so both male and female trees need to be

grown if fruit and seed are required
Where to find them
It is found principally in the lower lying areas of our country,

and often along river banks. Readers familiar with Mana
Pools would have seen the Natal Mahoganies along the
banks of the Zambezi, which remain large and dark and
handsome all year round. Unfortunately, many of them are
slowly falling into the river nowadays, due to the erosion of
river banks.
A tree for all
Birds love the seeds and hornbills, in particular, are very

fond of them. Long-tailed Starlings and Plum-coloured
Starlings are also partial to them, often at a time when
there is not much other fruit around. The shape of their
side branches makes them very popular with Paradise
Flycatchers as nesting trees. As they age, the soft wood from
the odd dead branch attracts Barbets and Woodpeckers,
who make their holes in these branches. So a great all
round tree.
Indigenous trees
Larger animals are also very dependent on the Natal
Mahogany at times, and Eland in particular browse them
in preference to almost anything else. At Mana, an exact
browse line can be seen at Eland height such that the
trees look as though they have been cut in a straight line
underneath.
Growing
The Natal Mahogany grows easily from seed, but must be

used fresh as they will perish. Germinated seeds can often
be seen under the parent tree, although these seldom make
it to maturity. When conditions are right and they are well
watered, the growth rate is about a metre a year and it
starts to canopy at about four years.
natural repellant in the garden due to their antifeedant

properties, especially to kill cutworm. To make a spray,
crush the seeds then boil them; the cooled off boiled
water can be used as an organic insect repellant spray
and the boiled crush seeds as a mulch, which will also
act as a repellant.
*Gericke N, van Wyk BE, 2007, van Oudtshoorn B, Medicinal
Plants of South Africa, 1997, pg 260.
The magical seeds
The seeds are often pounded then boiled to extract the oil.
This organic and non-poisonous oil has a variety of uses still
to this day:

Moisturises the skin and used in the manufacturing of

soap.*
It has shown to have anti-microbial and antiinflammatory properties, and can be used to heal stressed
muscles and rheumatism.*
It has insect antifeedants properties*, which means it is
a chemical agent that causes an insect, to stop eating
and growing. It can be used to repel black ants around
the home . You can buy a bottle of the oil for $3 to get
rid of black ants from The Honey Store at Maasdorp
Market on Wednesday and Saturday mornings. A
natural wood and leather polish is also available with
the oil at $8.
If you have access to the seeds, they can be used as a
Increase your birdlife with

planned indigenous trees.
Contact Ant Fynn
0772956511
fynn@zol.co.zw
31
Climate change
Dont panic,
put a brick in
your cistern!
By Kari Olivey and Sarah Whaley
Climate Change - What is this

thing you speak of?
Climate change is one of those terms often thrown about
these days by scientists and politicians. Like blue sky
thinking and squaring the circle, is it just another example
of meaningless terminology used by people in the biz to
make the rest of us feel frightened and outside the circle of
trust? Well, actually no! This one has got real backbone!
Climate change (unlike global warming) doesnt imply
either positive or negative connotations. Its simply stating
that the climate is changing. But what does that mean?
Vast evidence, from NASA and the Royal Geographic
Society, has shown that human beings are unequivocally
responsible for altering the global climate. The science
behind this has to do with green house gases (or GHG for
those who need more acronyms in their lives). The earths
atmosphere is what regulates our temperature on this
Turn off
the tap
when
you are
brushing
your
teeth.
32
blissful planet. Without an atmosphere, we would have

a climate more akin to the moon. On the moons surface,
the temperature can reach highs of 100C and at night,
it can plunge to minus 173C. Basically, our incredible
atmosphere acts as a blanket, or greenhouse - hence the
term GHG. It regulates our temperature in the same way
wrapping a duvet around yourself would keep you warm. But
things are changing, as the tog factor of our duvet is increasing
and we are starting to get that uncomfortable sweat on.
Human activities, most notably the burning of fossil fuels,
have increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations
by more than 40% in the last 150 years, with more than
half of that increased since 1970. Carbon sequestration
(now theres a word that will make you sound cool in
the office) is the storing of atmospheric carbon. This
can be done by a tree which traps carbon dioxide during
photosynthesis, or by plankton (Fact 101: did you know
that the oceans provide up to 60% of our oxygen and act
as a big carbon sink?) to name but two. We humans have
double whammied ourselves by removing a lot of trees that
sequester carbon, and simultaneously burning their long
lost relatives releasing millennia of sequestered carbon
back into the atmosphere. Weve also bred ourselves
into a population explosion. In 1950, the world had 2.5
billion people; and in 2005, the world had 6.5 billion
people. By 2050, this number could rise to more than 9
billion. Basically weve cranked up the heater and shut the
windows in a severely overcrowded commuter omnibus
thats parked in the Zambezi valley, nowhere near a
mahobohobo tree, during suicide month.
Check your tyre

pressure weekly
to save fuel and
your tyres.
Climate change
How will it affect Zimbabwe?
By 2100 summer mean temperatures are projected to
increase by at least 1C and up to 4C in southern Africa,
and our rainfall is projected to decrease by 5 to 10%.*
*Dr. K Waha, research Scientist in Research Domain,
Climate impact and vulnerabilities.
Basically, we are in for a hotter and drier climate. So sunnier
days and less rainfall mean more gin and tonics, right?
Possibly, but gin can get you depressed, however, wait till
its coupled with decreasing food production, decimated
rural livelihoods and limited access to that all important
clean glass of water to flush that bitter hangover away.
Thankfully, tonic gives a decent dose of quinine, because
youll need it with the spread of malaria to previously
unaffected areas.
Our current maize production falls short of supplying the
national demand. In 2013, we imported 500,000 tonnes.
Whilst 2014 saw a reduction in grain imports, the prediction
for the coming season is bleak due to below average
rainfall*. These climatic changes are impacting food
security already. This isnt a what if scenario anymore.
*http://www.fao.org/giews/countrybrief/country.jsp?code=ZWE
For those buying water already, the problem is obvious.
But what happens when we cant even buy this essential
life giving resource? In South Africa in 2010, drought drove
a desalination project utilising the only reliable water

source in the Cape - the ocean. Here in Zimbabwe, were a
bit tight for oceans. We are already depleting our ground
water stores with wanton abandonment to the borehole
gods. Cholera outbreaks have been all too frequent in the
last decade, highlighting our fragility and dependence on
oversubscribed water works. Harare was initially designed
to support a population of 300,000; there are now over 3
million people in the capital and its surroundings. In Kenya,
they have already banned boreholes in the Rift Valley, whilst
further afield in Australia in certain states, it is impossible
to build a new home without a rain harvesting collection
system, and water saving shower heads and toilets. So, do
we wait for legislation to determine how we run our lives?
So, shouldnt the government do

something about it?
The 2012 Zimbabwe Millennium Development Goals
progress report stated that in order to achieve
environmental sustainability they recommended informing
key government institutions on various climate change or
environmental issues. Well, information is king, but if the
government was still uninformed as of 2012, then there
hasnt been much time to action quantifiable change. And,
should it be their problem, or is it all of ours? Perhaps a
combination of both. More urgently, we need to consider
the future generations. We need to ask ourselves what price
will children have to pay for the three or four carbon-happy
generations that preceded them. This affects each and
every one of us with children or grandchildren.
al
Buy loc
re
ts whe
produc
e!
possibl
33
Climate change
Solutions
This is how you come in. Small changes made by every

person result in dramatic differences. An average fourperson household can save nearly 11,000 litres of water a
year by simply placing a brick in their toilet cisterns. Here
are some ideas for you to start with:
Be climate literate
Firstly, become informed. Being climate literate means you
can make well informed, individual actionable decisions that
impact your community and future generations positively.
Changes at home
Make changes at home - see the list of ideas for what you
can do. We all know that watering the verge is a big no no
these days, but what about adopting more sustainable
gardening practices? Using water wise techniques such
as mulching and planting appropriate species is an easy
win, and improves your production and soil quality. These
widespread techniques are easy to learn and implement.
Consider what you can grow to eat. This can save you
money on shopping, energy on transport to the shops, and
also reduces your carbon footprint with less demand on
national food supply.
Educate
Spread your knowledge with those who are likely to be
less informed and help educate them about small things
that make a big difference, such as using compost in your
garden as it retains moisture better. You can make learning
fun for kids too, by utilising a plethora of resources and
ee.
Plant a tr
it!
Then hug
er, plant
Even bett
ee.
a fruit tr
34
websites, such as NASAs Climate Kids (http://climatekids.

nasa.gov).
Green up your professional life
Expecting corporates to plant trees as part of Corporate
Social Responsibility programmes doesnt negate your
responsibility for being green in the office. Consider your
transport to work, use of energy (air conditioners, leaving
lights on overnight etc), water usage and paper consumption.
The opportunities are as limited as your imagination.
Community based
Get together with your community to green up your
area. Everything from recycling schemes to cooperative
gardening can make a difference. Or take it a step further
and get involved with organisations that are trying to
protect your environment. The Zimbabwe Wetland Survival
Forum is actively campaigning to protect precious wetlands
that are essential for the water supply. How can you get
involved and support these organisations? It doesnt have
to cost you anything other than a bit of time and support.
Just turning up can lead to dramatic policy shifts from
those responsible for planning and legislation.
Ideas to combat and adapt to

climate change
How many activities do you already do on the table on the

right? Are you climate savvy already, or still supporting
the GnT movement? Try to implement as many of these
into your daily lifestyle, share with your friends or your
neighbours. Be Zimbabwean and make a plan!
Never leave
your soil bare.
t
Mulch it or plan
something!
Climate change
combat and adapt to climate change
Take the
pressure off our
underground
water and
implement a rain
harvesting system.
Make compost to utilise

veggie scraps and improve
your soil condition.
Compost helps retain water
and will improve vegetable
production.
Test your soil before you

water your garden beds;
take a trowel and dig down
a little to see how much
moisture there is.
Put a brick in the toilet

cistern. Actually dont!
Bricks can erode over time
damaging your plumbing,
but using a full plastic
bottle does the same job.
Stop watering
much water as you
need for a cuppa!
your verge!
Alternatively,
if youve over
Start designing a
boiled, then pop it in a flask
water wise one.
Get into good water saving

habits at home by turning
off the tap when you are
brushing your teeth and
washing your car and pets
on the lawn.
Cook and shop in bulk.

This reduces packaging
and saves energy. Handy
frozen meals are at the
ready when you dont feel
like making a meal from
scratch.
Buy local products, with

Start a vegetable garden or
the least packaging. Buy
plant vegetables and herbs
fresh food instead of frozen, amongst ornamentals if you
dont fancy a designated
which use up to 10 times
veggie patch.
more energy.
Plant a tree.
Then hug it!
Even better,
plant a
fruit tree.
Cook at home
instead of buying
takeaways - saves
fuel, plastic
packaging and
gym fees.
Save energy and electricity

Water lawns less frequently.
at home. As your light
This encourages roots to
bulbs go, replace them with
grow down deep into the
energy saving bulbs. Pull
soil, and can reduce the
chargers from the wall and
frequency of mowing.
turn off unused appliances.
Wrap your geyser in a

blanket. This will save you
money by reducing your
energy requirements and
usually means you have
a hot shower even with a
power cut!
Be a leak detective! Check

plumbing for leaks and
replace washers.
One drip every second adds
up to 19 litres of wasted
water a day!
Carry a reusable
water bottle to
stop you buying
one everywhere
you go.
Watering your garden

should be done either first
thing in the morning or last
thing in the afternoon to
reduce evaporation. Water
the garden, not the paving.
Even better, implement a
drip irrigation system.
Reuse plastic bags or take

Never leave
your own bags shopping.
Every time youve unpacked
your soil bare.
pop the bags straight in the Mulch it or plant
boot to reduce that Gosh,
something!!
darn, I forgot!
Pull out the pressure cooker.

This can reduce energy
consumption by 70%!
Always cover your cooking
pots with lids. Reuse the
water from cooking to start
nutritious soups.
Recycle your
waste whenever
possible. Drop
off at local
recycling points.
Reduce the amount of lawn

in the garden and plant
shrubs or groundcovers. Buy
indigenous and
water wise species.
Washing day doesnt have

to be every day; only wash
when you have a full load.
Do your washing on sunny
days so you dont need to
use a tumble drier.
Buy a dual
flush toilet
and then use it
properly!
Allocate space to your

domestic staff to grow
their own food. Help them
understand our climate
change.
Defrost the
freezer to
maintain its
efficiency.
Only fill the kettle with as
for the next one.
Use your bath water to

water the garden or put a
bucket in the shower with
you. Even better, get a grey
water system set up to
water your garden.
35
Chickens
Chickens for eggs

Deciding it was time I got chickens, I
thought best I find out the basics of looking
after chickens to get my own fresh eggs!
Growing up on a farm, we had a chicken run at the back
of the vegetable garden, however, I wish I could paint a
pretty memory about collecting the eggs, but what I can
remember is that the entrance had a mangled gate making
it nearly impossible to get in, the run was smelly and a
banded cobra was found a few times in a tree closeby
every little girls nightmare. I found it safer to brush down
the bulls in the evening with my Grandpa than collecting
eggs. Many years later, I am now pondering on the idea of
finally becoming that egg collecting girl. But, as I paid little
to no attention on how to look after the chooks, I literally
feel I have to start from scratch, and ask friends, family and
people in the know-how what I have to do to have healthy
happy, stink free chickens that produce great eggs and save
a bit of money as it costs 10 cents to produce eggs at home
and 18 cents per egg in the supermarket.
Is it legal to have chickens in town?
I finally found out through a reliable source and after

countless unanswered calls to the council and EMA that
we are allowed 35 chickens in a home in the suburbs. I am
not interested in producing them as a business, but just
enough to get a few eggs a day. However, 35 chickens is
a good number for a small sustainable income, earning a
maximum of $85 a month.
Chicks or chickens?
I must say getting day-old chicks sounds adorable, I might

just learn how to love them more. Unfortunately, that is not
the way to go unless you are a hardcore businessman and
can afford to feed them until they start laying at 20 to 24
weeks. Furthermore, you need to purchase the necessary
vaccinations, which are not generally sold in smaller units
for the general public. Chicks also suffer from the cold so
you need more equipment to keep them warm all winter
through. So, a chicken it is! Apparently, I need to get my
hands on some point of lays.
The term point of lay means that they are on verge of point
of laying. It is important to understand that when receiving
the birds that if the producer has done their job correctly,
they will be delivering the birds prior to any proper egg
formation within the birds uterus, thus alleviating the risk
of prolapse, which could kill the bird.
Generally, the birds will be between 17 to 19 weeks old on
collection and will take approximately 3 to 5 weeks to come
into lay dependant on the season, so winter takes a little
longer then summer. The birds will start laying at a lower
percentage to start with, but as they mature the percentage
36
Chickens
output will increase and you should be able to get as high
as 90% output from the bird i.e. 35 birds @ 90% = 32 eggs
a day, and as they get older this will gradually decline to
about 70 to 75%.
The different types of Brown breeds, Hyline and H&N, are
the main egg producers in Zimbabwe, for both small and
large scale producers. The one thing to note is that when
point of lays start laying, they are generally very productive,
generally producing an average of 85 % output per month
so 25 eggs per lay per month. Generally, the economically
viable production cycle lasts 70 weeks. After the 70 weeks,
when they are around 90 weeks old, they will be laying
at approximately 70%, which means they are effectively
paying for their own feed, not making it viable. That is the
best time to get rid of them
Where do I buy point-of-lays?
There are a few places around that sell them but I have
been told to watch out for the dodgy sellers who are likely
to sell you a chook that is a bit past her prime. Novatek
animal feeds sell the Hyline Brown, at $12 per bird and are
fully vaccinated. They stock every poultry requirement that
you may need, to bedding material to the food. If you do
order, remember most places have a waiting time between
two and four weeks.
Whats the best chicken coop to have?
Chicken terminology
Before I rattle on, let me just get the terminology down first.
A coop is a house for hens where they lay their eggs, and
a chicken run is an outdoor enclosure for chickens to run
around in. Basically, chickens come out of the coop and into
the chicken run.
Now I have cleared that up, more about the coops. I know
there are two types of chicken coops: the chicken tractor,
which is a small portable A-frame house you can pull
around the garden, or a permanent structure, which is
usually based in a chicken run. After visiting several friends
coops, I have started to weigh up the pros and cons of each
one.
The permanent structure
Obviously, you can make the coop as big as you want so
you are not limited regarding the number of chickens you
want. You can buy these off the side of the road, make it out
of brick or whatever you can get your hands on, as long as
it has a roof, walls and a place for them to nest, such as a
nesting box. However, I have noticed that the area around
the coop can be a little bit smelly and the chickens tend
to destroy the area in the enclosure or run, so there is not
much grass. The chickens do also have a bit more space in
the enclosure to run about.
The chicken tractor
This portable chicken house is often an A-frame bottomless
coop, with a place to nest, an enclosure, and with wheels
at one end so that it can be moved around the garden.
The advantage of this is that the chickens wont do much
37
Chickens
damage to the grass, as they need to be moved every
second day. Chicken manure can be evenly dispersed
around the garden, so there is less of a smell and in return,
everyone says your garden gets fertilised. It can generally
hold around four to five chickens. However, there is a very
small space for a perch, and it might not be well protected
against rain.
Regardless of what type of coop you want, all chickens
require a comfortable, clean and secure coop to sleep
and nest in. They need protection from extreme weather,
predators and there should be enough space for food and
water, as well as a perch, to sit on. Unfortunately, I do know
the snake issue might not be solved, as you can protect the
chickens but they will still attract the snakes.
Free range chickens
Most people have a romantic vision of chickens roaming in

the garden every day. However, there is a slight problem
with this, as if they are let out too often, they might start
to lay eggs in their own secret places and not eat the food
given, which has all the required nutrients for healthy eggs.
Ideally, they should only be let out twice a week or provide
a run with a limited inspectable space.
How many chickens do I need?
The question you want to be asking yourself is how many

eggs do you want or do you use each day? So, if I get six
chickens I will have about a two dozen a week, which is

plenty to share with friends and family too. Chickens are
herd animals, they love company, so for happy hens, aim to
have at least three birds.
Water
Since an egg is made up of 70-75% water, laying hens need

a constant supply of fresh, clean water. Water troughs
must be kept clean and shaded from the sun. They do
have a good sense of smell and taste so avoid smelly or
chlorinated water! Restricting water for one day can stress
the chicken and can affect their production for up to three
days.
Feeding chickens
It is usual to provide food for your chickens at all times.

However, to stimulate the birds to eat, feeding less more
often is better than dumping a pile of food hoping that they
will get through it.
Most of the coops, I have seen have a self-feeder, or you can
make your own by: securing an ice-cream container to the
wall or putting a brick in a container. Make sure you elevate
it slightly to stop them pooing in it or it is well secured to
stop them scratching in it, which will cause it to flip.
In terms of food, look for Layers mash there are countless
varieties available make sure you buy from a reputable
Novatek has a free app

on smart phones, with
detailed information
on layers and broilers.
38
Chickens
supplier to make sure you get the best nutritional balance
for your birds through all seasons.
Nowadays, some layers mash may lack lime grit, which
is a source of calcium to make the shells hard. If your
eggshells are soft, you can feed them the following: bake/
dry eggshells and then grind them up. Dont feed uncooked,
whole egg shells as you may encourage birds to break and
eat their own eggs before youve collected them.
The bedding
disinfecting the whole coop with a good disinfectant (a

digestible disinfectant that wont harm the birds such
as Virukill). When you get in new point of lays too,
make sure you thoroughly disinfect everything.
Good quality bedding is also needed to avoid getting
mites and ticks. Mites are horrid little things, and the
best way to avoid them is clean, clean and, yes you
guessed it, clean the coop.
Remove sick birds from the flock and keep them away
from the other hens while treatment is given. It is often
more humane to destroy sick birds.
If you are not sure why your chickens are sick or dying,
take it to the government vet department as they will
do a post mortem at a small fee, or a local poultry vet
for a diagnosis.
If your chickens suffer from any stress or fright, they
will stop laying for a while. Changing the food they eat
or any element of the environment can create stress.
Sounds like there will be daily yoga in my back yard!
Bedding for the chickens is a must, as they need to get cozy

in the coop to lay their eggs and it needs to be robust and
very absorbent. Bedding can be wood shavings, wheat
straw and even veld grass. The wonderful thing about
the bedding is that when it is time to clean out the coop
and replace the bedding, the litter (used bedding) can be
thrown on the compost heap or you could use it to make
liquid manure.
Health and diseases
Thank you for all the help I have got from friends, family
and experts in finding out all the necessary information!
From what I understand, the best way to avoid any diseases

is to keep your chickens healthy and the environment clean:

Provide a coop that is comfortable, well-ventilated,

well-lit and free from drafts and dampness.
Make sure you thoroughly clean out the coop at
least once a month, by replacing with fresh bedding,
Hope you will join me on this clucky

adventure to get your own fresh eggs!
39
Avocado
Avocados in the
home garden
By Bridget Henderson
The avocado, Persea americana, can

be grown in most areas of Zimbabwe
successfully, as long as the area does not
have heavy frosts.
There are thousands of avocado varieties worldwide.
Many home grown avocados start out using the pip in a
jar method of germination. If you choose to do this, be
aware that the seed is the result of cross-pollination so
the resulting tree will be different from the parent tree and
may take anywhere from 5 to 13 years before it flowers! It
is therefore advisable to plant a grafted tree, bought from
a reputable nursery, as the tree will bear in three to four
years, you know what you are getting and the rootstock
used will be more tolerant to root rot.
It is important to know that each avocado variety has a
different flowering habit, which is categorized into two
groups, Type A and Type B. Type As flowers open as a
female in the morning and a male in the afternoon, Type
Bs flowers open as a male in the morning and female in
the afternoon. Production is best with cross-pollination
between types A and B. Some avocados are partially selffertile such as, Hass and Fuerte (they can produce some
fruit on their own), but their yields will be significantly
increased if you can plant one of each type of avocado in
proximity to each other.
Where to plant
The secret to growing an avocado tree is good drainage,

as they are sensitive to root rot. Make sure that your soil
is well composted, neutral in pH and does not have a clay
content higher than 40%. The tree has the potential to get
quite large, 12 metres or more, so give it space in a sunny
position.
How to plant it
Dig a hole at least 1m3, mix 1 kg of lime into the soil, along
with as much well-rotted compost as possible. Trees
should be spaced at least 15 metres apart. Carefully plant
the tree without damaging any of the roots then water in
well. Mulch around the tree, but never right up to the trunk
as this will cause stem rot. Newly planted trees should be
watered every other day for the first week then once or
twice a week for the first few months.
Fertilising
Newly planted trees should be fertilised lightly once during

the first year, then about three times a year after that.
Compound 3:1:5 fertiliser can be applied in July, December
and April. No fertiliser should be applied during flowering
and early fruit-set, because it encourages vegetative
growth, which competes with the young fruit for nutrients
and water.
Watering
Once the trees are established light, frequent irrigations are

necessary. Avocado trees are very sensitive to water-logging
The most commonly grown varieties in Zimbabwe
Hass
Fuerte
Pinkerton
Type A
A small ovoid fruit
with a creamy
texture and nutty
taste. The fruit has a rough skin which
turns blackish-purple when ripe.
Type B
A medium, pear
shaped fruit with
a dark green skin
and nutty flavour. Fuerte is a large,
spreading tree so give it space.
Type A
This is a heavy
bearer of
flavoursome,
medium sized fruit. It is slightly easier
to recognise with its long, pear-shape.
Season: May - October
Season: March July
Season: April - July
40
Avocado
and to drought stress, therefore maintain the soil-moisture
content between these two extremes, except in June and
July when a drier period is required to stimulate flowering.
Harvesting
The avocado is a climacteric fruit, which matures on the

tree, but ripens only once picked. Mature fruit ripens in 3 - 8
days once removed from the tree: wrap them in newspaper
or place them in a basket with ripe bananas to speed up
ripening.
Alternate bearing
Certain varieties have a tendency to bear well in alternate

years. After a season with a low yield, due to stress factors
such as cold, drought and so on, the trees tend to produce
abundantly the next season. Sometimes seedless fruit,
known as cukes may appear on the trees.
Fruit drop
Avocado trees often set fruit but then drop a significant

number of fruit when they are about a pea to golf ball size,
this is typical if the tree has set more fruit than it can carry
to maturity. To minimise this fruit drop, avoid stressing
the tree, such as, under or overwatering the tree. Crosspollinated fruit have a higher tendency to stay on the tree.
Over-fertilising with nitrogen during the early fruit stages
can also increase premature fruit drop.
Pests and diseases
Root rot
Root rot (Phytophthora cinnamomi) is a soil-borne fungus
that infects the feeder root system, causing stunted growth
and dieback of branches. Once infected, the signs include
yellowing and dropping leaves, there is little that can be
done for the tree other than to reduce watering.
Sooty mould
Sooty mould is a superficial fungus that grows on insect
exudates, which is the substance secreted by an insect,
from mealy bug, scale or aphids. The key is to control the
insects. The sooty mould can be just washed off. Ants
should also be controlled.
Fruit spotting diseases caused by
Anthracnose and Cercospora
The most commonly seen symptoms of Anthracnose
are brown lesions which enlarge, eventually covering
large areas of the fruit surface. Such fruit often drops
prematurely. The pulp beneath the lesions becomes
Anthracnose
Cercospora
soft and discoloured too. On infected leaves a brown band

spreads inwards from the margin.
Cercospora symptoms include brown irregular shaped
lesions on fruit, which then dry out and crack, creating
entry points for secondary infections. Fungicides such as
copper oxychloride and benomyl effectively control these
diseases.
Frequently asked questions

Myth or fact? Hitting a rusty iron nail into the
avocado tree helps to produce more avocados.
This is an old wives tale and I do not recommend it.
It generally just stresses the tree and often leads to
exacerbated alternate bearing. Trees often do not bear for
many years primarily due to the variety and propagation
method.
How do you produce creamier tasting avocados

and not watery ones?
Avocado fruit composition varies with race, variety, time
in the season and climatic growing conditions, generally
the higher the lipid (oil) content the creamier it is. Mexican
and Guatemalan races have a higher oil content in general
than fruit from the West Indian races. Oil content increases
during the development of avocado fruit increasing slowly
at the beginning of the season then more rapidly as the
season progresses. Generally fruit that are left longer on the
tree will have a higher oil content. Calcium and potassium
are important nutrients for fruit quality and lack of them in
ratio to nitrogen will also affect internal fruit composition.
Get in touch with nature in this true wilderness...
mavhuradonha@gmail.com
41
Grow an
The next time you eat an
avocado, keep the pip and
help your child grow an
avo tree...
1. Remove and clean
Remove the pip from the

avocado carefully and wash
off all the avocado fruit. Dont
remove the brown skin on the pit
it is the seeds cover.
avocado tree
gardening
for kids
2. top and bottom

Avocado pips have a bottom
where the roots grow, and a top,
where the sprout grows. The
slightly pointier end is the top,
and the flat end is the bottom.
Make sure you place the bottom
root end in water.
3. t oothpicks
To rest the bottom half

of the avocado in water
without it falling in, take
four toothpicks and
stick them at a slight
downward angle into the
avocado seed, spacing
them evenly around.
4. water
Place the avocado pip
on top of a glass full of
water - make sure the
bottom half of the pip
is in the water. Place
on a quiet windowsill
with sunlight. Top
up the water every
two days and change
the water weekly to
prevent it from getting
diseases.
5. Wait for it t o sprout!
It usually takes a long time for your avocado pip to sprout sometimes up to eight weeks! But watch the roots grow while
the seed cracks and removes it skin. Do not allow your water to
dry out as it will kill your plant. Plant it in a pot when it is about
30cm tall.
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One of the most versatile
items you can use in your
garden is netting and it is
amazing how many different
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how varied the uses are!
Shade and hail netting
Used particularly in shade-house

applications and will offer protection to
plants from hail, wind and insects and will
increase plant productivity dramatically,
whilst saving money on inputs such as
water, chemicals and labour.
These nets are warp-knitted in different
mesh patterns and weights, out of
polyethylene and are resistant to
chemicals and moisture. Shade netting
manufactured in Zimbabwe is specially
treated to withstand our harsh sun and
high levels of UV radiation and will last up
to 8 years, significantly longer than those
manufactured in a lot of other countries.
Trellis netting
This netting is used in the cultivation of

fast-growing, creeper-type plants that
require support. Using the correct type of
trellising for a particular plant will reduce
the incidence of disease by spreading the
plant out properly, making it easier and
more economical to spray plants and
assist when harvesting by giving easier
access to fruits. It is usually knitted from
monofilament polyethylene to customer
requirements. Plants such as mange tout,
sugar snap peas, runner beans, tomatoes,
passion fruit and paprika all benefit
enormously from being supported on the
correct type of trellis netting.
Plant support netting
Made from a braided 8-ply or 16-ply

polyethylene cord, these nets are
usually used to support straightstemmed flowers. The mesh size, width
and length of hand-made support nets

are normally produced to customer
requirements for specific plant types.
Shade cloth
One of the most versatile nets you can

have in your gardening stash! Ranging
in shade cover from 20% - 90% and
available in a range of colours to blend
in with your garden or dcor. Shade
cloth is probably best known for its
application in car ports and shade
covers, however it can also be used
as a wind barrier, a privacy barrier,
as sun blinds over sunny west-facing
windows, as a lining for your square
foot gardening, to prevent leaves falling
into water and of course temporary
protection from the elements for fragile
seedlings in seed beds. Cost-effective
and readily available, shade cloth is the
answer to many needs in the average
garden. Manufactured in widths of up to
six metres and specially treated to resist
UV radiation. This locally manufactured
shade cloth will withstand the harsh
Zimbabwean elements for up to eight
years, but there are pieces of shade
cloth dotted around the country that
have lasted much longer.
mind. Pool nets should be constructed

out of polyethylene twine, which has
been UV treated to prevent damage
and deterioration from the suns
harmful rays. Also useful for covering
fishponds, deep drains and ditches and
other dangerous areas small children
could inadvertently fall into. A pool net
must be fitted by an expert to ensure it
is sufficiently taut.
Bird netting
Strong, re-usable bird netting is

essential in protecting your precious
garden crops from aerial raids from
birds and assist in stopping spoilage
from larger animals on the ground.
Sports nets
Do you have a budding cricketer in the

family? A variety of netting options are
available to construct cricket, soccer
and hockey nets - these will keep the
kids entertained for many hours.
Pool nets
Worried about small children and

the uncovered pool? A properly
constructed pool net will offer peace of
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sales@tanzi.co.zw
www.tanzi.co.zw
43
M
M
44
Avocado recipes
Avo-lujah!
Arent we lucky to have delicious and creamy
avocados growing in our backyard?
Nothing beats avocado on toast with a squeeze of lemon, ground
black pepper and a pinch of salt. The wonderfully creamy avo
might be delicious, yet it can be a bit hard to bring variety to
avocado dishes. Here are some wonderful combinations and
ideas to spice up the avo and toast in your life.
Bacon
Nothing beats a bacon and avo sandwich especially on a road
trip, you could even add a poached or fried egg to give it a real
breakfast twist.
Chicken
I love chicken and avocados together, especially in wraps, as the
avo adds a creamy touch to the chicken.
salmon
Avocado is a great compliment with smoked salmon, and a
squeeze of lemon.
Hummus
Spread hummus over the toast, add a few slices of avocado and
salt and lemon to taste. Delicious!
Bacon wrapped avocado snacks
With bacon and avo being a winner combination these

snacks are to die for!
I dont like hot avocado so I do mine slightly differently to
many. First of all, I fry the bacon till cooked but not crispy.
Then I wrap the avocado in the bacon, you can add a bit of
cream cheese too. Then, once all the avo wedges are wrapped
and filled with cream cheese, I place them under the grill to
crisp up the bacon. Yum!
Storing avocados
Store avocados at room temperature, keeping in mind that they

can take four to five days to ripen. After cutting open, prevent
them from browning too quickly by putting them in a closed
container in the fridge, leaving the pip in and squeezing a bit of
lemon juice over.
Health benefits
The wonderful creamy avo is filled with about 20 vitamins and

minerals what a super fruit! It is the only fruit that is high in
fat, but the good fat, known as monounsaturated fat. This good
fat helps lower bad cholesterol, as long as you eat them in
moderation, as they do have a lot of calories.
45
Avocado recipes
Avocado chocolate mousse

Ingredients
3 avocados
6 tbsp cocoa powder
cup raw honey
1 tsp pure vanilla extract
1 banana (optional)
Method
Puree all the ingredients in a food processor until smooth
make sure there are no avocado lumps in it.
When making an avocado

dish, it is best to make it
just before it is served to
prevent the avocado from
discolouring.
Avocado mousse starter
Ingredients
1 big avocado
Juice of half a lemon
tsp sugar
125ml yoghurt
100ml cream
Tabasco, salt and pepper to season
3 tsp gelatine
3 tbsp hot water
3 beaten egg whites (optional depending on how fluffy you
want the mousse)
METHOD
1. It is best to make this mousse early in the morning, and
not the night before, to give it time to set and to make
sure it doesnt discolour.
2. Dissolve the gelatine in the hot water. Put in the fridge
for a couple of minutes so it cools down make sure it
doesnt turn into jelly!
3. Blend the avocado, lemon, yoghurt, cream to form a
smooth paste.
4. Season with salt and pepper.
5. Add the gelatine to the paste and mix well.
6. Finally, fold in the egg whites and place into greased
moulds or glasses.
7. Place in the fridge to set.
8. Serve chilled with Melba toast.
46
Avocado recipes
A chilled avocado soup
A quick and easy soup served chilled.

Ingredients
3 avocados
1 chicken stock cube
cup of boiling water
cup fresh lemon juice (optional)
Cream or crme fraiche according to your preference
Tabasco, salt and pepper to taste
Crispy bacon broken into small pieces to garnish.
Method
1. Dissolve the chicken stock in the boiling water and let
cool in the fridge
2. Blend the avo flesh, lemon juice and cooled chicken
stock until smooth.
3. Add Tabasco, salt and pepper to taste.
4. Add and stir in the cream just before serving according
to taste - dont make it too runny.
5. Garnish it with a swirl of cream, crispy pieces of bacon or
you may want to garnish it with feta cheese and olives.
6. Serve chilled.
Avo-licious!
Cheesy avo dip
Ingredients
2 avocados
Half a tub of cream cheese
3 tbsp tangy mayonnaise (Crosse & Blackwell is the best)
1 heaped tbsp finely chopped onion
A sprinkle of chopped dry chilli/Tabasco
Salt & pepper to taste
A little lemon juice (optional)
METHOD
Mix all the ingredients together until smooth. My advice is to
add and mix according to your taste.
Guacamole dip
Ingredients
2 avocados
Juice of 1 lemon
1 medium ripe tomato, chopped finely
cup finely chopped coriander leaves
1 clove of garlic, finely chopped
Salt and black pepper to taste
METHOD
Mix together until smooth!
47
Whos who?
NURSERIES
DODHILL GARDEN CENTRE
Cnr Harare/Chinhoyi road, Chegutu
Orders: Landline 053 3614/3554
Taurai 0773 434 681 /sebu 0779 846 267
Zimbabwes largest wholesale garden
flowers, shrubs & fruit tree nursery.
DOWN TO EARTH NURSERY
167 Enterprise Rd, opp Lewisam garage
Chisipite
0774 186 926
d2enursery@gmail.com
Wide plant selection, garden supplies,
tree ferns, roses, palms, books.
EMERALD SEEDLINGS
Alpes Rd, Teviotdale
(opp Wingate Golf course) Harare
0772 301 440, 0772 382 081
Trees, shrubs, roses, grass plugs, flower
& vegetable seedlings.
GOLDEN STAIRS
72 Golden Stairs Rd, Mt Pleasant
04 304316/3
Pool & garden fencing, garden furniture,
trees, shrubs, roses, seedlings, palms.
GUZZIES SEEDLINGS AND GARDEN
PRODUCTS
0733 337 882/ LEANNE 0772 354 459
MARK 0772 516 328/ MAX 0779 452 528
guzzy@ecoweb.co.zw
guzziesseedlings@gmail.com
Gletwyn Farm, Gletwyn Farm Road, Hre
Save money & buy flower & vegetable
seedlings $40 / 200.
HENNINGS
Honeydew farm, Harare
04 497394
For all your plants, garden fertiliser &
chemical requirements.
MR CHRIS NURSERIES
Brookfields / Quorn Av
177 Enterprise Rd
0772 394 317
chrismaggs@zol.co.zw
Seedlings, pine bark, plastic pots, water
features, pumps, orchid products.
THE PLOT
9 Carrick Creagh Road, Quinnington
0772 330 357 / 0776 638 385
Veg plugs, herbs, annuals, shrubs, trees,
daylilies & landscaping.
RUNNING DOG NURSERY AND POTTERY
4 Homefield Road, Mount Hampden
19 Km peg Lomagundi Road
0779750920/ 0772215759
A gazillion types of shrubs, grasses,
ground covers, herbs & spices!
48
PLEASURE IN PALMS
MAIN OFFICE Cnr Second St/Natal Rd,
Belgravia
SECOND BRANCH The Corner House, Bistro
complex, Cnr Borrowdale & Kingsmead Rd
MINI BRANCH Msasa Bricks 196A Mutare Rd
(just past the old Jaggers/ New Pick n Pay)
0772294881, 04 702406
www.pleasureinpalms.co.zw
Quality palm sales, landscaping &
information centre.
STEP UP PLANT CENTRE
40 Chatsworth Rd, Vainona, Harare.
0772 698 280 Or 0772 586 063
Sales of palms & cycads
WILLOW GREEN PLANT CENTRE
16 Rolf Rd, Ballantyne Park, Harare
0772 252 533 / 0776 521 366
bradshaw.geoff@gmail.com
Planting advice, eco-products,
chemicals, sprayers, water features,
misters, solar lights.
WITCHWOOD NURSERY VUMBA
Email: mhumhe@zol.co.zw
Phone: 020-68482
SMS 0716 263095 / 0712 610388
Tibouchinas, camellias, gardenias,
hydrangeas & over 50 varieties of azaleas.
LANDSCAPERS
CHARLES WATERS LANDSCAPES
From Concept to Completion
Qualified Garden Designer (UK),
Landscaper & Consultant
0776 522 362
csbwaters@gmail.com
www.charleswaterslandscapes.com
GARDEN GENIUS
2 Kingsmead Rd Borrowdale
0774 453 453 / 0772 353 145
hdc@ecoweb.co.zw
Qualified designers; for professionally
landscaped gardens with wellestablished plants.
THE GARDEN KEEPER
0772 285 897
Thegardenkeeper0@gmail.com
Landscape design, installation and
garden maintenance.
GRAHAM WILLIAMS & ASSOCIATES
0772 600 164
rpencil@sdzim.com
Specialising in beautiful landscapes for
entertainment, contemplation or pure joy
LORNA DOONE GARDEN NURSERY
44 Hawkshead Borrowdale
The wholesale Nursery is based in
Glen Forest at Plot 4
ibandason@yahoo.com
THYME-LESS DESIGNS
SA qualified landscape designer for all
your design, installation, consultations,
lawn maintenance & pruning.
5 Crawley road, Mandara
0779948701 / 04 480469
NATURES WAY
vsprice@mweb.co.zw
0712 608 716/0772 256 399/0775 996 772
Landscapers specializing in water
features, tropical and formal gardens
TREE DOC
51 Pinebanks, Fife Ave, Harare
04 739 489
Malcolm.leppard@gmail.com
Tree safety inspections, tree surgery,
arboricultural advice.
GARDENING COURSES
EXOTICA GARDEN DESIGN COURSES.
Ros Houghton 0772 115 364
ros4property@gmail.com
Our team has 90 years experience in
design to help you improve the value of
your property.
THE GARDEN CLUB
Lindsay 0772 573 489
Lindsay@thegardenclub.co.zw
www.thegardenclub.co.zw
Organic gardening courses for all!
FLORISTS
BARBREANNES THE EVENT FLORIST
39 Argyle rd, Avondale, Harare
0773 272 957
linnels@iwayafrica.co.zw
Fresh flowers celebrate life, flowers
say so much more than wordsfor all
occasions.
FORGET-ME-NOT
Shop 7, Sanlam Centre, Newlands
Shops, Harare
0773 222 206 / 04 746404
Professional florist, Specialise in
functions, member of Interflora.
LAVENDER BLUE
Shop 10, Arundel Village, Mt Pleasant
04 369915 / 0772 247 723
meiroses@zol.co.zw
We do deliver!
LAWNS
GREEN GECKO INSTANT LAWN
Durban and Kikuyu instant lawn
Off Golden Stairs at the Prices Ave Golf
Range
greengeckolawn@gmail.com
0773 805 182 / 333507
Whos who?
PRICES INSTANT LAWNS
komawara@zol.co.zw
04 302022 / 0772 572 818
Top quality instant lawn - Durban & Kikuyu.
Emerald Way - Near Gateway School
GREENER FINGERS
greenerfingers@gmail.com
0772 249 265
For all your lawn seed varieties, conquer that tricky patch
Building Services
PROFESSIONAL AND PERSONAL
Professional & personal service for all your building extensions,
improvements, renovations, ceiling repairs, painting & new
buildings. Contact Stan on: 0783 184 747 or 0776 006 112.
COMPOST
HUKU-MOMBE
Huku-mombe Premium Compost blends cattle manure
& chicken litter to create a nitrogen rich, nutrient dense
supplement, ideal for healthy plant growth.
admin@ingwesafaris.com
di.mary.kerr@icloud.com
Diana 0774 136 063, Bill 0772 602 860, Cilla 0772 273 028
Get your business on here today for just $80/year.

adverts@gardener.com
0776 188 010
49
A new discovery
Aloe haroniensis
By Zim Aloe Chick
A newly discovered aloe species found in Zimbabwe.

There is a mysterious exhilaration
attached to the idea of new plant
discoveries, especially in these times!
Zimbabwe is a fascinating location
in the botanical world, and has
attracted many explorers through the
years. A recent visit to Zimbabwe, by
the renowned and passionate Aloe
researcher, Tom McCoy, resulted in the
dramatic discovery of a fantastic new
species of aloe, Aloe haroniensis!
Tom McCoy, Darrel Plowes and Obety
Baptista were on a botanising trip,
after the Aloe, Cactus and Succulent
Societys Xerophytica Congress,
and after enjoying many wonderful
sightings of Zimbabwean aloes in
habitat around the country, ventured
into the immensely beautiful
landscape of the Haroni Gorge. While
exploring the terrain searching for
the endemic Aloe balli Reynolds,
they crossed the red-silted Haroni
River in an extraordinary bark canoe.
Upon a freestanding rock outcrop
in thick forest, Tom encountered a
single aloe, which matched no known
species description. Tom and Obety
commenced their hunt for more of the
species and encountered numerous
young plants at first, and then,
several flowering plants, allowing
them to collect specimens that were
used in the formal description of the
species. In honour of its type locality,
the unexpected species was named
Aloe haroniensis TA McCoy, Plowes,
Baptista.
leaves on both the upper and lower

leaf surfaces. The entire length of the
peduncle (the stem supporting the
flowers) possesses distinctive, broad
uninterrupted stripes. The flowers
are an arresting dark pink to dull
reddish-pink, with a pruinose waxy
coating; they are capitate (forming
a head like mass) and are found in
clusters on a branched stem. This
exciting new plant, added to our
wealth of Zimbabwean flora, is found
on rock faces or outcrops, unusually
in the shade of dense, humid, lowland
forest. This species is protected in
Zimbabwe, as are all Zimbabwean
aloes. So admire them, photograph
them and let them remain in their
natural habitats in order that in years
to come, we can experience the joy
of witnessing plants in their natural
environments.
Aloes are found in some of the most
spectacular corners of our country,
and this new discovery reminds us to
go out and explore Zimbabwes wealth
of hidden beauty.
Aloe haroniensis exhibits dramatically

white striped, bright green, unspotted
Aloe, Cactus & Succulent Society of Zimbabwe

Join us for our monthly outings the last Sunday of each month. Information
regarding outings, upcoming plant sales, publications, the library, seedbank,
subscription and membership forms and more, can be found on the website:
www.aloesocietyzim.com
50
www.facebook.com/acssz
Advertorial
Motor vehicle insurance

Motor vehicle insurance
is basically separated into
four types of cover:
Road Traffic Act,
Full Third Party,
Full Third Party Fire and Theft,
and Comprehensive.
Here is a brief summary of what these
cover and what they cost.
Road Traffic Act (RTA)
This is the minimum required by law,

it is the cheapest but offers very little
cover. For the basic, private use car,
the annual premium is $90. The cover
is only for damage or injury to other
parties and the sum insures only $1200.
Many people buy this just to licence
their cars and avoid problems at the
police road blocks. However, this
money is not well spent, as for just $60
a year more, one can buy Full Third
Party at a sum insured of $10,000 for
$150.
Full Third Party (FTP)
This basically is the same cover as

RTA, covering your liabilities for third
party injuries or property damage.
The difference is that you choose the
amount of cover you want. Generally,
the rate is 1.5% of the chosen limit,
so $10,000 costs $150 a year, a much
better buy than RTA.
An important point to remember
when paying the $20 Driving without
due care and attention fine is that
once you have paid for it and signed
the admission of guilt, you are also
admitting liabilities for any possible
third party injuries or damage.
Think carefully before signing, as the

convenience of paying that $20 may
turn around and bite you!
Full Third Party Fire and

Theft (FTPF&T)
This cover is FTP with an additional

cover for your car if damaged, but
only limited to fire damage and
theft. Many people buy this not really
understanding the limitations of
the cover, it is fractionally cheaper
than Comprehensive cover, and we
are reluctant to sell this because of
the difference of cost and the vast
difference in cover. In fact, we strongly
suggest one does not take this cover.
This cover is based on the value of
your car and the rate is generally
2.75% of that value.
Third party is included at $10,000, but
a car valued at $10,000 will cost $275 a
year, compared to around $400 for
comprehensive. Comprehensive costs
$125 a year more, $10 a month, but
the cover is so much better.
Comprehensive (Comp)
Comp cover is a combination of Full

Third Party and accidental loss or
damage to your car. In most cases,
the FTP cover is $20,000 on a comp
cover. The premium is based on the
market value of your car, and the rate
varies from 3.5% to 4% of the vehicles
market value
What we offer

We have set up valuation centres

where you can get a written
quote, and any fee you pay for is
refunded from your premium.
We recommend that you
insure either Full Third Party
at a minimum of $10,000 or
Comprehensive.
With us, you can also pay per 4
month term or monthly. We also
have a no fault no excess policy
and no excess for people over 65
If you would like more
information, give us a call and
Jason, Pat, Tanaka, Angela or
Kevin would be happy to help
you understand motor vehicle
insurance better.
20 Walterhill Avenue, Eastlea

Tel: 04 791 531/ 799 632
Mobile: 0773 358 255
Email: kevin@insure.co.zw
51
EMERALD SEEDLINGS
emerald seedlings nursery

indigenous and exotic trees, shrubs, ground covers,
grass plugs, fertiliser, chemicals, flower seedlings...
cosmas 0772 382 081
gill
0772 301 440
olivey@mango.zw
For all your

gardening
plants
emerald seedlings vegetables
a wide range of vegetable seedlings
vegetable seedlings office
0772 326 446
seedling@zol.co.zw
Opening times
mon-fri 0700 - 1700
sat
0700 - 1200
sun
closed
picabella rose nursery

quality and expert advice, ht, floribundas, miniatures,
standards, climbers and nostalgic scented roses
gil
0773 208 032
GERRY 0733 360 164
laver@springs.co.zw
52
ALPES RD, OPPOSITE WINGATE GOLF COURSE, TEVIOTDALE

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The Zimbabwean Gardener

WINTER 2015 ISSUE 13

How to look after your avo tree