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Question 4)
You are given a map of the Earth and asked to locate a likely collision between two
continental plates. Would you look for
a) a subduction zone
b) a mountain range
c) an island
d) a deep ocean trench
e) b and c
Question 5)
The Earths plates move at a speed near
a) 0.1 - 1 mm /yr
b) 1 - 10 mm /yr
c) 1 - 10 cm/yr
d) 10 - 100 cm/yr
e) 100 - 1000 cm/yr
Question 6)
Roughly X% of ocean oil pollution is unconnected with human activities. What is X?
a) 100%
b) 50%
c) 10%
d) 1%
e) 0.5%
Question 7)
The depth of the thermocline is affected most by
a) the time of day
b) the salinity of the water
c) the Coriolis force
d) the latitude
e) c and d
Question 8)
Why are the high salinity regions of the Earths oceans found mostly at low latitudes?
a) most rivers occur at low latitudes and rivers are sources of salt
b) high latitude water is diluted by melting polar ice
c) ocean currents move salty water equatorward
d) higher temperatures encourage evaporation at low latitudes
e) b and d
Question 9)
The diagram shows how the temperature of water (y-axis) changes as energy is added
(x-axis).
Question 11)
In the Gaia Hypothesis
a) Life completely controls the temperature of the surface environment
b) The surface environment controls life
c) There is feedback between life and the environment to make the latter suitable for the
former
d) Life developed on all planets but could survive only on Earth
e) None of the above
Question 12)
What is the largest possible crest-to-trough height of a wave that has a wavelength of
70 meters?
a) 1 meters
b) 5 meters
c) 10 meters
d) 15 meters
e) 20 meters
Question 13)
Waves break in shallow water because
a) they hit rocks
b) constructive interference between independent waves destroys them
c) they speed up in shallow water and cannot tolerate the high speeds
d) they slow down in shallow water and their lost kinetic energy becomes potential
"
energy
e) none of the above
Question 14)
Two waves having trough to peak heights 4 meters and 4 meters interfere. What will be
the maximum and minimum wave heights of the two combined?
a) 16 and 8 meters
b) 12 and 4meters
c) 8 and 0 meters
d) 16 and 0 meters
e) 0 and 4 meters
Question 15)
With its natural greenhouse the Earth is about X degrees hotter than it would otherwise
be. What is X?
a) -13 degrees C
b) 273 K
c) 13 degrees C
d) 30 degrees C
e) 300 degrees K
Question 19)
Evidence for the existence of oceans on other worlds includes
a) Dry river channels on Europa
b) Apparent icebergs on Enceladus
c) Outgassing through cracks on Europa
d) Magnetic evidence for a conducting layer on Europa
e) All of the above
Question 20)
The main greenhouse gases are
a) Nitrogen
b) Water
c) Water and Nitrogen
d) Methane, carbon dioxide and water
e) Methane, carbon dioxide and oxygen
Question 21)
The small wiggles on the Keeling Curve are caused by
1) Atmospheric storm systems
2) Death of carbonate-shelled
organisms in the acidified ocean
3) Seasonal variations in plant growth
4) Cyclic variations in outgassing of
CO2 from volcanos
5) 3 and 4
Question 22)
Water is a polar molecule because
a) It is frozen at the Earths poles
b) It is strongly affected by the Earths magnetic field, especially near the poles
c) The O and H ends of the molecule have different charge, allowing the O of one
molecule to attract the H of a nearby molecule
d) When the hydrogen bond breaks it releases energy
e) The hydrogen bonds allow water to be relatively difficult to freeze or boil
Question 23)
The scale height (effective thickness) of the atmosphere is about
a) 100 m
b) 1 km
c) 10 km
d) 100 km
e) None of the above
Question 24)
The barycenter of the Earth-Moon system is
a) where a line drawn between the Earth center and the Moon center intersects the
surface of the Earth
b) where a line drawn between the Earth center and the Moon center intersects the
surface of the Moon
c) inside the Earth
d) outside the Earth
e) b and c
Question 25)
A bird eats a fish. What is the difference in trophic levels between the consumer and
the consumed?
a) 0
b) 1
c) 2
d) 3
e) 4
Question 25)
Oceanographically important properties of water that result from its dense network of
hydrogen bonds are
a) ice floats in water
b) water is made of two of the most abundant elements
c) water has large latent heats
d) water has no smell
e) a and c
Question 26)
The orbit period of the Moon is roughly
a) a day
b) a week
c) a month
d) a year
e) none of the above
Question 27)
A longshore bar is
a) a place to buy beer near the beach
b) a ridge of sand on the beach caused by winter storm waves
Question 38)
Most sand is produced by
a) parrotfish
b) cliff erosion
c) corals and shells
d) glacial erosion of rock
e) rivers
Question 39)
This organism is most likely to be a
a) cyanobacteria
b) dinoflagellate
c) diatom
d) artificial
e) none of the above
Question 40)
Which is the most accurate statement?
Osmosis is
a) The diffusion of small molecules of a gas into larger molecules of another gas
b) The diffusion of large molecules of a gas into small molecules of another gas
c) The diffusion of one gas into another gas
d) The preferential diffusion of small molecules across a membrane
e) The preferential diffusion of large molecules across a membrane
Question 41)
Desalination of sea water is a poor source of drinking water because
a) too many fish are killed in the extraction pumps
b) very pure water tastes bad
c) even without salt, seawater is contaminated with pollutants and bacteria
d) it is very expensive
e) most world populations live too far from the sea
Question 42)
Which of these is true? Primary productivity is
a) generally higher in warm water than cold
b) highest in the euphotic zone
c) lowest in the euphotic zone
d) highest in the benthic zone
e) all of the above
Question 43)
Roughly what fraction of the carbon-rich material produced in surface ocean waters
reaches the bottom of the ocean?
a) 0.0%
b) 0.03%
c) 0.3%
d) 3%
e) 30%
Question 44)
In shallow water
a) waves bend away from the coast line because they are refracted
b) waves bend towards the coast line because they are refracted
c) waves slow down
d) a and c
e) b and c
Question 45)
Blue-green bacteria are
a) blue
b) red
c) blue-green
d) green
e) all of the above
Question 46)
Feature A is a
a) longshore bar
b) barrier island
c) sandspit
d) bay barrier
e) tombolo
Question 47)
The time taken for floating debris to cross the ~10,000 km wide Pacific Ocean is about
a) 1 month
b) 10 months
c) 2 years
d) 5 years
e) 10 years
Question 48)
Question 49)
a) 107 kg
b) 108 kg
c) 109 kg
d) 1010 kg
e) 1011 kg
Question 52)
Which of these is an example illustrating the tragedy of the commons?
a) factory pollution of a river leading to an algal bloom that kills the fish
b) fishing north Atlantic cod to near extinction
c) two countries fighting for ownership of an otherwise useless island in order to gain
access to the fishing and mineral rights surrounding the island
d) the addition of fluorine to drinking water to decrease the incidence of tooth decay
e) a and b
Question 53)
b) tidal heating
c) chemical heating
d) escaping volcanic heat
e) frictional heating
Question 56)
This is the phase diagram of water. Which processes occur in moving from A to B to C?
a) Boiling then freezing
b) Sublimating then melting
c) Condensing
d) Condensing then evaporating
e) Condensing then freezing
Question 57)
In the water phase diagram, which processes occur in moving from C to D to B?
a) Freezing then evaporating
b) Evaporating then melting
c) Melting
d) Condensing then sublimating
e) Sublimating then condensing
Question 58)
A Hadley Cell is
a) an isolation room where they keep Bradley Manning
b) a circulation pattern caused by the Coriolis force
c) a circulation pattern caused by non-uniform heating and convection
d) a result of thermal expansion
e) c and d
Question 59)
The human diving record is 100 meters. The pressure on the body at this depth owing
to the weight of the water above (unit units of the atmospheric pressure = 1 bar) is
a) 10 bar
b) 100 bar
c) 1000 bar
d) 10000 bar
e) None of the above
Question 60)
Tides cause
a) the Moon to approach the Earth by about 40 cm/yr
b) the Earths rotation to speed up
c) the Moon to move away from the Earth by about 40 cm/yr
d) the Earths rotation to slow down
e) c and d
Question 61)
Which is true?
Spring tides
a) Occur each spring because the Sun is closest then
b) Occur each spring because the Moon is closest then
c) Occur only in the Spring
d) Do not occur in the Spring
e) Occur every month, whether it is Spring or not
Question 62)
Which is the best answer?
The thickness of the euphotic zone is about
a) 10 meters
b) 100 meters
c) 1000 meters
d) 4000 meters
e) 6000 meters
Question 63)
Which of these is true? Algal blooms are bad for fish because
a) they can produce poisonous waste-products
b) they deplete oxygen water when they die and decay
c) they block sunlight and hence inhibit photosynthesis by other organisms
d) a and b
e) a, b and c
Question 64)
The fraction of CO2 in the atmosphere is about
a) 30%
b) 3%
c) 0.3%
d) 0.03%
e) 0.003%
Question 65)
Two ships off the coast of Peru fire their guns at each other. No matter how precisely
the guns are aimed, the gunners notice that their shells always strike to the left of the
intended target point. Possible reasons include
a) they forgot Coriolis force
b) random aiming errors
c) wave motions cause the guns to drift off target
d) they corrected for Coriolis force in the wrong direction
e) a and d
Question 66)
Red light is absorbed by water more strongly than blue light. At the bottom of the photic
zone, which of the following will be true
a) a blue object will appear bright
b) a red object will appear dark
c) a blue object will appear dark
d) a red object will appear bright
e) a and b
Question 67)
The hagfish is the only animal that has X but not Y. What are X and Y?
Answer
a)
tail
spine
b)
spine
brain
c)
spine
tail
d)
skull
spine
e)
jaw
tongue
Question 68)
The pressure experienced 3000 m beneath the waves is approximately
a) 3x atmospheric pressure
b) 30x atmospheric pressure
c) 300x atmospheric pressure
d) 3000x atmospheric pressure
e) none of the above
Question 69)
Whales migrate in latitude
a) To give birth in cold water environments
b) To give birth in warm water environments
c) To eat in cold water environments
d) To eat in warm water environments
e) b) and c)
Question 70)
Which of these is true?
a) Most beached whales are baleen whales
b) Whales are warm-blooded
c) Some whales can dive to over 8000 m
d) There are no fossil whales
e) All of the above
Question 71)
The speed of a shallow-water wave
a) increases with depth
b) is independent of depth
c) decreases with depth
Question 73)
Organisms that produce their own food
a) are mostly photosynthetic
b) are called hemotrophs
c) are called autotrophs
d) are called heterotrophs
e) a and c
Question 74)
Which processes increase the salinity of sea water?
a) evaporation
b) formation of sea ice
c) rainfall
d) melting of sea ice
e) a and b
Question 75)
Shallow water waves on two different beaches, A and B, travel at 3 and 6 meters per
second, respectively. What are the approximate water depths on the two beaches, A
then B?
a) 4 and 8 meters
b) 8 and 4 meters
c) 1 and 4 meters
d) 1 and 2 meters
e) 1 and 3 meters
Question 76)
The open-ocean speed of a tsunami wave is roughly
a) 10 m/s
b) 30 m/s
c) 90 m/s
d) 300 m/s
e) 9000 m/s
Question 77)
A whale with two blow holes is
a) likely to be a deep-diver
b) likely to be cold-blooded
c) likely to eat krill
d) likely to have echo-location
e) a) and d)
Question 78)
Neap tides occur
a) about once a day
b) about once a month
c) about twice a day
d) about twice a month
e) whenever the Sun, Earth and Moon are aligned
Question 79)
A rock collected 500 km from a mid-oceanic ridge is found to be 10 million years old.
What is the rate of plate motion?
a) 5 mm/yr
b) 5 cm/yr
c) 50 cm/yr
d) 5 m/yr
e) 50 m/yr
Question 80)
Possible evidence for life on Mars includes
a) The equatorial surface temperature is close to the minimum needed for liquid water
b) There is geological evidence for the past presence of liquid water on Mars
c) Methane has been detected in the atmosphere
d) Green patches near the equator
e) c and d
Question 81)
The dominant source of internal heat for icy bodies like Europa and Enceladus is
a) Radioactivity from unstable elements in the rocky component
b) Sunlight
c) Tidal heating
d) Chemical energy
water flows faster on the inside edge of a bend and sweeps away sediment there
water flows slower on the inside edge of a bend and sweeps away sediment there
water flows faster on the inside edge of a bend and drops more sediment there
water flows slower on the inside edge of a bend and drops less sediment there
none of the above
Question 83)
Science is a style of thought based most strongly on
a) Hypotheses
b) Observations
c) Theories
d) Belief
e) The word of authority
Question 84)
The salinity of the oceans is roughly
a) 0.03%
b) 0.3%
c) 3%
d) 30%
e) none of the above: all oceans are different