GENERAL GUIDE-PROPOSAL PREPARATION (FYP) 2011/2012

Introduction

Introduction
Problem statement
Objective
Scope of work
Literature review
Please review other peoples work (with CRITICALTHINKING!)..i.e. those
related to your study
Avoid PLAGIARISM

Methodology
How/ what are you going to do to achieve the objective. (Please include
a flow chart).
Where to get samples
How to take samples
What tests to be done on samples
What analyses to be done ( Software? etc)
Example of Gantt Chart and Milestone:
Tajuk penyelidikan dicadangkan:
Title of proposed research:
Year
Project (Activities)

2011
J J A

2012
S
S
1
2

2013
S S2
1

1. Project implementation
plan write up
2. Hyper-spectral data
airbone mission
3. Satellite data
acquisition (new tasking)
4. Field data collection &
compilation
5. Data processing and
analysis bio-D
characterization
6. Development of Biochange detection
algorithm
9. Final report
Year
Project (Milestone)

2011
J J A

2012
S
S
1
2

2013
S S2
1

1. Complete BIO-D
Characterization
2. Complete Bio-Change
Algorithm

3. Complete DST
development
4. Complete Seminar
5. Complete project
report
6. Project completion

Expected Results
What would you expect the results/ outcomes of the tests/experiments
to be like?
What would you expect your analyses will produce?
Conclusion

Summarize everything
Refer to OBJECTIVES of study
References

Please do not use website addresses (URL) as references. (Normally,

facts in the website were taken from books or journals, so, please cite
the original source) and the things in the URL will change from time to
time.
Please list them in alphabetical order (Do not use numbers because
numbers are only for short articles (not thesis), because you have to
flip to the back pages to see the references (not at the foot of the
page!)
All references cited in the text must be in the list of references and
vice-versa.
Make sure other people can find the referred book or journal based on
what you write in the list of reference.
Choose one well-known journal and follow its format AND stick to it
( dont change the format of one journal to another)

Example of the List of References:

Ahmad, A.R., Yusoff,I., and Ghani, A.A. (2002) Geochemical
characteristics of granitic rocks from Boundary Range batholith,
Peninsular Malaysia. Geological Society of Malaysia Annual Conference.
Geological Society of Malaysia, Kelantan, Malaysia.
Berner, R.A. (1978) Rate control of Mineral Dissolution under earth Surface
Conditions. American Journal of Science, 278, 1235-52.
Boulet, R., Lucas Y., Fritsch E., and Paquet H. (1997) Geochemical
Processes in Tropical Landscapes: Role of the Soil Covers. In Paquet, H.
and Clauer, H. (eds) Soils and Sediments, Mineralogy and Chemistry.,
p. 67-96. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
British Standard Institution. (1981) Code of practice for site
investigations, BS 5930. BSI London.
-. (1990a) Methods of test for soil for civil engineering purposes, BS 1377:1,
General requirements and sample preparations. BSI London.
-. (1990b) Methods of test for soils for civil engineering purposes, BS
1377:8, shear strength tests (effective stress). BSI London.
-. (1990c) Methods of tests for civil engineering purposes. BS 1377:2,
Classification Tests. BSI, London.
-. (1990d) Methods of tests for civil engineering purposes. BS 1377:6, In-situ
tests. BSI, London.
Craig, R.F. (1997) Soil mechanics. 485 p. E & FN Spon, London.
Fitton, J.G., Saunders, A.D. Larsen, L.M., Hardarson, B.S., and Norry,
M.J. (1998) Volcanic rocks from the southeast Greenland margin at
63N: composition, petrogenesis and mantle sources. Proceedings of
the Ocean Drilling Program, Scientific Results, 152, 331-50.
Fookes, P.G. (1997) Tropical residual soils, Geological Society Professional
Handbooks. 1-184 p. The Geological Society, London.
Geological Survey of Malaysia. (1985) Geological Map of Peninsula
Malaysia, scale: 1:750,000. Director of Geological Survey of Malaysia.
Gobbett, D.J., and Hutchison, C.S. (1972) Geology of the Malay
Peninsula. 215-30 p. Wiley-Interscience, London.
Stumm, W., and Morgan, J.J. (1996) Aquatic Chemistry-Chemical Equilbra
and Rates in Natural Waters. John Wiley and Sons Inc, New York.

Example: How to Cite in a Text:

Exam
ple 1

The second approach, based on geochemical changes as recorded

in the soil profile (Boulet et al, 1997) categorised soil profiles into
two groups. The first is soil covers that are in dynamic equilibrium,
which have developed in conditions stable enough to keep the
sequence of transformation from parent rock to soil surface
constant. Secondly, soil covers that are in chemical disequilibrium.
This is the transformation phase where the rock/soil will transform to
another soil type which tends towards a dynamic equilibrium.

Exam
ple 2

Gobbett and Hutchison (1972) indicated that granitic rocks occupy

about 50% of the exposed landmass of peninsular Malaysia.
Weathered material in excess of 30m thick is common and in areas
of massive granitic rocks, weathering produces rounded core
boulders, with diameter more than 20cm (British Standard
Institution, 1990a), of unweathered rock that maybe floating in a
thick layer of otherwise completely weathered material.

Exam
ple 3

In the west of Peninsula Malaysia, sedimentation began in late

Cambrian and in the east, sedimentation commenced in the early
Carboniferous together with widespread volcanism (Geological
Survey of Malaysia, 1985).

Exam
ple 4

There are several schemes of soil classification in engineering

terms, among them are: based on grain size (British Standard
Institution, 1990c, Table 6.2), based on size, visual identification,
origin, structure and color (British Standard Institution, 1981).

Examples of figures, tables and equations

Examp
le:
Figure

Figure 2.2: Stability relationship among minerals in the K2O-Al2O3SiO2-H2O system at 25oC (Drever, 1997).
Figure 2.2 shows the relationship among minerals system at 25 oC.
Acid rain would be expected to plot close to A and fluid in equilibrium
with the minerals in a muscovite granite would lie close to B.

Table 6.2. Soil classification based on the grain size (British Standard
Institution, 1990)
Examp
le:
table

Name

clay

silt

sand

gravel

cobbles

boulder
s

Grain
size

<0.002

0.002

0.06 to

to 0.06

2 to 60

60 to

200 to

200

600

(mm)
Examp
3KAlSi3O8 (S) + 2H+ (aq) + 12H2O
KAl3Si3O10 (OH)2 (s) + 2K+(aq) +
le:
equati 6H4SiO4 (s)
(Equation 2.6)
on
(K-feldspar)
(muscovite)
THANK YOU AND GOOD LUCK