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Oracle DBA Interview Questions and Answers will guide us now that the Oracle Database
commonly referred to as Oracle RDBMS or simply Oracle is a relational database management
system (RDBMS) produced and marketed by Oracle Corporation. As of 2009, Oracle remains a
major presence in database computing. So get preparation of Oracle DBA Jobs with this Oracle
DBAInterviewQuestionswithAnswersguide

49 Oracle DBA Questions and Answers:

1 :: When using Oracle export/import what character set concerns might come up? How do you
handle them? (Answer.php?a=When_using_Oracle_exportimport_what_character_set_concerns_might_come_up_How_do_you_handle_them)
BesuretosetNLS_LANGforexampleto"AMERCIAN_AMERICA.WE8ISO8859P1".Ifyoursource
databaseisUS7ASCII,bewareof8bitcharacters.Alsobewaryofmultibytecharacterssetsas
thosemayrequireextraattention.Alsowatchexport/importformessagesaboutany"characterset
conversions"whichmayoccur.

Is This Answer Correct? 65 Yes

4 No

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2 :: How do you use automatic PGA memory management with Oracle 9i and above? (Answer.php?
a=How_do_you_use_automatic_PGA_memory_management_with_Oracle_9i_and_above)
SettheWORKAREA_SIZE_POLICYparametertoAUTOandsetPGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET

Is This Answer Correct? 57 Yes

6 No

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3 :: Explain two easy SQL optimizations. (Answer.php?a=Explain_two_easy_SQL_optimizations)

a.EXISTScanbebetterthanINundervariousconditions
b.UNIONALLisfasterthanUNION(notsorting)

Is This Answer Correct? 42 Yes

2 No

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4 :: Name three SQL operations that perform a SORT. (Answer.php?

a=Name_three_SQL_operations_that_perform_a_SORT)
a.CREATEINDEX
b.DISTINCT
c.GROUPBY
d.ORDERBY
f.INTERSECT
g.MINUS
h.UNION
i.UNINDEXEDTABLEJOIN

Is This Answer Correct? 42 Yes

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5 :: What is your favorite tool for day-to-day Oracle operation? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_your_favorite_tool_for_day-to-day_Oracle_operation)

OracleWebL

SQLServer

Most Popular Quiz Categories:

Hopefullywehearsomeuseofcommandlineastheanswer!

Is This Answer Correct? 51 Yes

4 No

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6 :: What is the difference between Truncate and Delete? Why is one faster?
Can we ROLLBACK both? How would a full table scan behave after? (Answer.php?
a=What_is_the_difference_between_Truncate_and_Delete_Why_is_one_faster_Can_we_ROLLBACK_both_How_would_a_full_table_scan_behave_after)
Truncateisnearlyinstantaenous,cannotberolledback,andisfastbecauseOraclesimplyresets
theHWM.Whenafulltablescanisperformedonatable,suchasforasortoperation,Oraclereads
totheHWM.Soifyoudeleteeverysinglesolitaryrowin10millionrowtablesoitisnowempty,
sortingonthattableof0rowswouldstillbeextremelyslow.

Is This Answer Correct? 17 Yes

2 No

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7 :: What is the difference between a materialized view (snapshot) fast refresh versus complete
refresh? When is one better, and when the other? (Answer.php?
a=What_is_the_difference_between_a_materialized_view_snapshot_fast_refresh_versus_complete_refresh_When_is_one_better_and_when_the_other)
Fastrefreshmaintainsachangelogtable,whichrecordschangevectors,notunlikehowtheredo
logswork.Thereisoverheadtothis,aswithatablethathasaLOTofindexesonit,andinsertsand
updateswillbeslower.Howeverifyouareperformingrefreshesoften,likeeveryfewminutes,you
wanttodofastrefreshsoyoudon'thavetofulltablescanthesourcetable.Completerefreshis
goodifyou'regoingtorefreshonceaday.Doesafulltablescanonthesourcetable,andrecreats
thesnapshot/mview.Alsoinserts/updatesonthesourcetableareNOTimpactedontableswhere
completerefreshsnapshotshavebeencreated.

Is This Answer Correct? 6 Yes

0 No

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8 :: What does the NO LOGGING option do? Why would we use it? Why would we be careful of using
it? (Answer.php?
a=What_does_the_NO_LOGGING_option_do_Why_would_we_use_it_Why_would_we_be_careful_of_using_it)
Itdisablestheloggingofchangestotheredologs.ItdoesnotdisableALLLOGGING,howeveras
Oraclecontinuestouseabaseofchanges,forrecoveryifyoupulltheplugonthebox,forinstance.
Howeveritwillcauseproblemsifyouareusingstandbydatabase.Useittospeedupoperations,
likeanindexrebuild,orpartitionmaintenanceoperations.

Is This Answer Correct? 8 Yes

0 No

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9 :: Tell me about standby database? What are some of the configurations of it? What should we
watch out for? (Answer.php?
a=Tell_me_about_standby_database_What_are_some_of_the_configurations_of_it_What_should_we_watch_out_for)
Standbydatabasesallowustocreateacopyofourproductiondb,fordisasterrecovery.Wemerely
switchmodeonthetargetdb,andbringitupasread/write.Cansetupasmaster>slaveormaster
>master.Thelatterallowstheformerproddbtobecomethestandby,oncethefailurecauseis
remedied.WatchoutforNOLOGGING!!Besurewe'reinarchivelogmode.

Is This Answer Correct? 9 Yes

0 No

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10 :: What is the difference between RMAN and a traditional hotbackup? (Answer.php?

a=What_is_the_difference_between_RMAN_and_a_traditional_hotbackup)
RMANisfaster,candoincremental(changesonly)backups,anddoesnotplacetablespacesinto
hotbackupmode.

Is This Answer Correct? 14 Yes

0 No

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11 :: What are bind variables and why are they important? (Answer.php?
a=What_are_bind_variables_and_why_are_they_important)
WithbindvariablesinSQL,OraclecancacherelatedqueriesasingletimeintheSQLcache(area).

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WithbindvariablesinSQL,OraclecancacherelatedqueriesasingletimeintheSQLcache(area).
Thisavoidsahardparseeachtime,whichsavesonvariouslockingandlatchingresourcesweuse
tocheckobjectsexistenceandsoon.BONUS:Forrarelyrunqueries,especiallyBATCHqueries,
weexplicitelyDONOTwanttousebindvariables,astheyhideinformationfromtheCostBased
Opitmizer.
BONUSBONUS:Forbatchqueriesfrom3rdpartyappslikepeoplesoft,ifwecan'tremovebind
variables,wecanusebindvariablepeeking!

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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12 :: In PL/SQL, what is bulk binding, and when/how would it help performance? (Answer.php?
a=In_PL-SQL_what_is_bulk_binding_and_when-how_would_it_help_performance)
Oracle'sSQLandPL/SQLenginesareseparatepartsofthekernelwhichrequirecontextswitching,
likebetweenunixprocesses.Thisisslow,andusesupresources.IfwelooponanSQLstatement,
weareimplicitelyflippingbetweenthesetwoengines.Wecanminimizethisbyloadingourdatainto
anarray,andusingPL/SQLbulkbindingoperationtodoitallinonego!

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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13 :: Why is SQL*Loader direct path so fast? (Answer.php?

a=Why_is_SQL*Loader_direct_path_so_fast)
SQL*LoaderwithdirectpathoptioncanloaddataABOVEthehighwatermarkofatable,and
DIRECTLYintothedatafiles,withoutgoingthroughtheSQLengineatall.Thisavoidsallthelocking,
latching,andsoon,anddoesn'timpactthedb(exceptpossiblytheI/Osubsystem)atall.

Is This Answer Correct? 7 Yes

0 No

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14 :: What are the tradeoffs between many vs few indexes? When would you want to have many,
and when would it be better to have fewer? (Answer.php?
a=What_are_the_tradeoffs_between_many_vs_few_indexes_When_would_you_want_to_have_many_and_when_would_it_be_better_to_have_fewer)
Fewerindexesonatablemeanfasterinserts/updates.Moreindexesmeanfaster,morespecific
WHEREclausespossiblywithoutindexmerges.

Is This Answer Correct? 3 Yes

0 No

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15 :: What is the difference between RAID 5 and RAID 10? Which is better for Oracle? (Answer.php?
a=What_is_the_difference_between_RAID_5_and_RAID_10_Which_is_better_for_Oracle)
RAID5isstripingwithanextradiskforparity.Ifweloseadiskwecanreconstructfromthatparity
disk.
RAID10ismirroringpairsofdisks,andthenstripingacrossthosesets.
RAID5wascreatedwhendiskswereexpensive.ItspurposewastoprovideRAIDonthecheap.If
adiskfails,theIOsubsystemwillperformVERYslowlyduringtherebuildprocess.What'smore
yourliklihoodoffailureincreasesdramaticallyduringthisperiod,withalltheaddedweightofthe
rebuild.EvenwhenitisoperatingnormallyRAID5isslowforeverythingbutreading.Giventhatand
knowingdatabases(especiallyOracle'sredologs)continuetoexperiencewriteactivityallthetime,
weshouldavoidRAID5inallbuttheraredatabasethatisMOSTLYreadactivity.Don'tputredologs
onRAID5.
RAID10isjustallaroundgoodness.Ifyouloseonediskinasetof10forexample,youcouldlose
anyoneofeightotherdisksandhavenotroubles.What'smorerebuildingdoesnotimpact
performanceatallsinceyou'resimplymakingamirrorcopy.LastlyRAID10performexceedingly
wellinalltypesofdatabases.

Is This Answer Correct? 3 Yes

1 No

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16 :: what is difference between Co-related sub query and nested sub query? (Answer.php?
a=what_is_difference_between_Co-related_sub_query_and_nested_sub_query)
Corelatedsubqueryisoneinwhichinnerqueryisevaluatedonlyonceandfromthatresultouter
queryisevaluated.
NestedqueryisoneinwhichInnerqueryisevaluatedformultipletimesforgettingonerowofthat
outerquery.
ex.QueryusedwithIN()clauseisCorelatedquery.
Queryusedwith=operatorisNestedquery

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

1 No

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17 :: How do I write a cron which will run a SQL query and mail the results to a
group? (Answer.php?
a=How_do_I_write_a_cron_which_will_run_a_SQL_query_and_mail_the_results_to_a_-group)
UseDBMS_JOBforschedulingacronjobandDBMS_MAILtosendtheresultsthroughemail.

Is This Answer Correct? 2 Yes

2 No

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18 :: What operator performs pattern matching (Answer.php?

a=What_operator_performs_pattern_matching)
LIKEoperator

Is This Answer Correct? 3 Yes

0 No

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19 :: What is the use of the DROP option in the ALTER TABLE command? (Answer.php?
a=What_is_the_use_of_the_DROP_option_in_the_ALTER_TABLE_command)
Itisusedtodropconstraintsspecifiedonthetable.

Is This Answer Correct? 6 Yes

1 No

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20 :: Which date function is used to find the difference between two dates? (Answer.php?
a=Which_date_function_is_used_to_find_the_difference_between_two_dates)
MONTHS_BETWEEN

Is This Answer Correct? 8 Yes

0 No

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21 :: What is the advantage of specifying WITH GRANT OPTION in the GRANT

command? (Answer.php?
a=What_is_the_advantage_of_specifying_WITH_GRANT_OPTION_in_the_GRANT_-command)
Theprivilegereceivercanfurthergranttheprivilegeshe/shehasobtainedfromtheownertoany
otheruser.

Is This Answer Correct? 7 Yes

0 No

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22 :: Which function is used to find the largest integer less than or equal to a
specific value? (Answer.php?
a=Which_function_is_used_to_find_the_largest_integer_less_than_or_equal_to_a_specific_value)
FLOOR

Is This Answer Correct? 5 Yes

0 No

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23 :: What operator tests column for the absence of data? (Answer.php?

a=What_operator_tests_column_for_the_absence_of_data)
ISNULLoperator

Is This Answer Correct? 5 Yes

0 No

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24 :: What are the steps involved in Database Start up? (Answer.php?

a=What_are_the_steps_involved_in_Database_Start_up)
Startaninstance,MounttheDatabaseandOpentheDatabase.

Startaninstance,MounttheDatabaseandOpentheDatabase.

Is This Answer Correct? 9 Yes

0 No

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25 :: What are the different modes of mounting a Database with the Parallel
Server? (Answer.php?
a=What_are_the_different_modes_of_mounting_a_Database_with_the_Parallel_-Server)
ExclusiveModeIfthefirstinstancethatmountsadatabasedoessoinexclusivemode,only
thatInstancecanmountthedatabase.
ParallelModeIfthefirstinstancethatmountsadatabaseisstartedinparallelmode,other
instancesthatarestartedinparallelmodecanalsomountthedatabase.

Is This Answer Correct? 3 Yes

0 No

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26 :: What is Oracle Full Backup? (Answer.php?a=What_is_Oracle_Full_Backup)

Afullbackupisanoperatingsystembackupofalldatafiles,onlineredologfilesandcontrol
filethatconstituteORACLEdatabaseandtheparameter.

Is This Answer Correct? 5 Yes

0 No

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27 :: What is Oracle Partial Backup? (Answer.php?a=What_is_Oracle_Partial_Backup)

APartialBackupisanyoperatingsystembackupshortofafullbackup,takenwhilethe
databaseisopenorshutdown.

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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28 :: What is Oracle Archived Redo Log? (Answer.php?a=What_is_Oracle_Archived_Redo_Log)

ArchivedRedoLogconsistsofRedoLogfilesthathavearchivedbeforebeingreused.

Is This Answer Correct? 6 Yes

0 No

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29 :: What are the advantages of operating a database in ARCHIVELOG mode

over operating it in NO ARCHIVELOG mode? (Answer.php?
a=What_are_the_advantages_of_operating_a_database_in_ARCHIVELOG_mode_over_operating_it_in_NO_ARCHIVELOG_mode)
CompletedatabaserecoveryfromdiskfailureispossibleonlyinARCHIVELOGmode.
OnlinedatabasebackupispossibleonlyinARCHIVELOGmode.

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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30 :: What is Oracle Log Switch? (Answer.php?a=What_is_Oracle_Log_Switch)

ThepointatwhichORACLEendswritingtooneonlineredologfileandbeginswritingtoanother
iscalledalogswitch.

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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31 :: What are the steps involved in Instance Recovery in Oracle? (Answer.php?

a=What_are_the_steps_involved_in_Instance_Recovery_in_Oracle)
Rollingforwardtorecoverdatathathasnotbeenrecordedindatafiles,yethasbeenrecorded
intheonlineredolog,includingthecontentsofrollbacksegments.
Rollingbacktransactionsthathavebeenexplicitlyrolledbackorhavenotbeencommittedas
indicatedbytherollbacksegmentsregeneratedinstepa.
Releasinganyresources(locks)heldbytransactionsinprocessatthetimeofthefailure.
Resolvinganypendingdistributedtransactionsundergoingatwophasecommitatthetimeof
theinstancefailure.

Is This Answer Correct? 5 Yes

1 No

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32 :: Do you need a commit after DDL statements? (Answer.php?

a=Do_you_need_a_commit_after_DDL_statements)
DDLISAAUTOCOMMIT,YOUDON TNEEDTOCOMMITAGAIN

Is This Answer Correct? 14 Yes

0 No

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33 :: How would you pass hints to the SQL processor? (Answer.php?

a=How_would_you_pass_hints_to_the_SQL_processor)
USINGCOMMENTLINESWITH(+)SIGNYOUCANPASSTHEHINTSTOSQLENGINE
Forexample
/*+PARALLEL()*/

Is This Answer Correct? 3 Yes

0 No

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34 :: what is the difference between group by and order by? (Answer.php?

a=what_is_the_difference_between_group_by_and_order_by)
groupbyisusedwhenweuseaggregatefunctionsonthecolumnsinaquerytheothercolumns
shouldbeingroupbyquery
example:
selectempno,ename,sum(sal)fromemp
groupbyempno,ename
Orderbyisusedtosortvalueseitherinascendingordescendingorder

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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35 :: A DBA had to remove some Archivelogs to free up space in filesystem. Now

when the RMAN job starts to backup Archivelogs, it complains about missing Archivelogs that
were deleted by DBA. To resolve the issue and continue backing up remainder of Archivelogs,
which RMAN command can be used so it wo not complain about missing Archivelogs. (Answer.php?
a=A_DBA_had_to_remove_some_Archivelogs_to_free_up_space_in_filesystem)
Crosscheckcommand

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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36 :: Which RMAN command is used to create an exact replica of a database in

new host? (Answer.php?
a=Which_RMAN_command_is_used_to_create_an_exact_replica_of_a_database_in_-new_host)
DUPLICATEDATABASE

Is This Answer Correct? 3 Yes

0 No

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37 :: How do you install Statspack? (Answer.php?a=How_do_you_install_Statspack)

Byrunning$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/admin/spcreate.sqlscript

Is This Answer Correct? 5 Yes

0 No

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38 :: Process you follow to start looking into Performance issue at database level
(If the application is running very slow, at what points do you need to go about the database in
order to improve the performance?) (Answer.php?
a=Process_you_follow_to_start_looking_into_Performance_issue_at_database_level)
RunaTOPcommandinUnixtoseeCPUusage(identifyCPUkillerprocesses)
RunVMSTAT,SAR,andPRSTATcommandtogetmoreinformationonCPUandmemoryusage
andpossibleblocking
RunSTATSPACKreporttoidentify:
1.TOP5WAITEVENTS
2.RESOURCEintensiveSQLstatements

SeeifSTATISTICSonaffectedtablesneedstoberegenerated
IFpoorlywrittenstatementsareculprit,runaEXPLAINPLANonthesestatementsandsee
whethernewindexoruseofHINTbringsthecostofSQLdown.

Is This Answer Correct? 2 Yes

0 No

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39 :: Explain below wait events in STATSPACK report DB SCATTERED READ, DB SEQUENTIAL REAL,
ENQUEUE? (Answer.php?
a=Explain_below_wait_events_in_STATSPACK_report_DB_SCATTERED_READ_DB_SEQUENTIAL_REAL_ENQUEUE)
DBSCATTEREDREADFULLTABLESCAN
DBSEQUENTIALREALIO
ENQUEUELOCKING

Is This Answer Correct? 4 Yes

0 No

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40 :: List five most important parameter in 9i affecting performance? (Answer.php?

a=List_five_most_important_parameter_in_9i_affecting_performance)
CURSOR_SHARING
DB_CACHE_SIZE
Home(../index.php) | InterviewQuestions(index.php)
PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET
DB_16K_CACHE_SIZE,DB_8K_CACHE_SIZE,DB_2K_CACHE_SIZE

Is This Answer Correct? 2 Yes

1 No

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41 :: What is PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET? (Answer.php?a=What_is_PGA_AGGREGATE_TARGET)

ThisparametercontrolsthemaximumamountofmemoryPGAwhichcanbeusedbythequeries
whenWORKAREA_SIZE_POLICYissettoAuto.
ThevalueyoucanbesetinBytes,kilobytes(K),megabytes(M)orgigabytes(G).Thedefaultvalue
is0
Thisparameteralsohasaneffectontheexecutionplansofthecostbasedoptimizer.Theoptimizer
usesthevalueoftheparameterPGA_AGGREGATE_TARGETtoderiveanestimate
fortheminimumandmaximumamountofmemorywhichshouldbeavailableatruntimeforeach
sort,hashjoinandbitmapoperatorinthequery.Basedonthisminimumandmaximumvalue,the
optimizerselectsthebestplan.

Is This Answer Correct? 1 Yes

0 No

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42 :: How do you analyze table partition using Oracle provided package? (Answer.php?
a=How_do_you_analyze_table_partition_using_Oracle_provided_package)
DBMS_STATS.GATHER_TABLE_STATSwithGRANULARITY=>'PARTITION'OPTION

Is This Answer Correct? 3 Yes

0 No

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43 :: You see a wait on LMS process in statspack, what does that mean? (Answer.php?
a=You_see_a_wait_on_LMS_process_in_statspack_what_does_that_mean)
WaitisduetoDataGuardBroker.

Is This Answer Correct? 2 Yes

0 No

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44 :: Explain procedure to Change CHARACTERSET of a database. (Answer.php?

a=Explain_procedure_to_Change_CHARACTERSET_of_a_database)
Can'tchangeCHARACTERSETofadatabase,youwillneedtorecreatethedatabasewith
appropriateCHARACTERSET.

Is This Answer Correct? 5 Yes

0 No

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45 :: If you had a tablespace, TEST_TABLESPACE, which consists of three files:

TEST01.dbf, TEST02.dbf, and TEST03.dbf, and someone accidentally used the Unix command
"rm" to delete the file TEST02.dbf, what else would you need in order to recover all the data that
was present in TEST_TABLESPACE at the time that TEST02.dbf was deleted? (Answer.php?
a=If_you_had_a_tablespace_TEST_TABLESPACE_which_consists_of_three_files_TEST01dbf_TEST02dbf_and_TEST03dbf_and_someone_accidentally_used_the_Unix_comman)
AllArchivelogs

Is This Answer Correct? 2 Yes

1 No

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46 :: How do you put databaseLikeis ARCHIVELOG

mode, explain procedure? (Answer.php?
19,871peoplelikethis.
a=How_do_you_put_database_is_ARCHIVELOG_mode_explain_procedure)
432
Pleasegiveusa+1!
1.Modifyinit.oraparameterSTART_ARCHIVE=TRUE
2.SQL>SHUTDOWNIMMEDIATE
3.STARTUPMOUNT
4.ALTERDATAVASEARCHIVELOG
5.ALTERDATABASEOPEN

Is This Answer Correct? 11 Yes

0 No

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47 :: How can you tell if an index on particular table is USED or NOT USED in 9i? (Answer.php?
a=How_can_you_tell_if_an_index_on_particular_table_is_USED_or_NOT_USED_in_9i)
ByturningMONITORINGONthatindexandqueryingintoINDEX_USAGEtable

Is This Answer Correct? 5 Yes

0 No

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48 :: Explain FORCE LOGGING feature in 9i. (Answer.php?a=Explain_FORCE_LOGGING_feature_in_9i)

BysettingFORCELOGGINGtoTRUE,alltransactionswillgenerateREDO.ThisisusedforData
Guard,sonodatawillbemissed(i.e.transactionsthatwererunwithNOLOGGINGoption)in
Standbydatabase

Is This Answer Correct? 7 Yes

1 No

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49 :: Is it necessary to have database in archive log mode in configuration dataguard , if yes then
why? (Answer.php?
a=Is_it_necessary_to_have_database_in_archive_log_mode_in_configuration_dataguard__if_yes_then_why)
Yeswehavetoenablearchivelogbecausearchivelogaregoingtoapplyinstandbydatabase.

Is This Answer Correct? 6 Yes

0 No

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