Turkish Language - Some Street Turkish and Daily Expressions

Invoking the Intervention of Allah..

The using of the name of Deity in daily speech is not considered strong
talk as it would be to call on Jesus, Christ or God in the English
language. The following examples are quite ordinary usage in daily
Turkish.
Some Daily Interjections.....!
Meaning

Invocation

New Turkish

Before beginning something nallah

umarm - I hope

Just at beginning

Bsmllah

Goodbye..!

Allahasmal
Hoakal..! - Keep well..!
adk..!

When surprised/disappointed

Allah
Allah..!!

Hadi ya!, Vay canna! - Well

now!, What the heck?

When giving up - (see note

below)

Eyvallah

To get to the end, finish off

Ya Allah

Promise, swear

Vallah
Bllah

Yemin ederim - I'm sure

Show self confidence

Evallah

Fully motivated

Almallah

Bored

Fesuphanall
Of! - (a sound)
ah

More bored

Hasbnallah -

Give up

llallah

Bktm (verb: bkmak) - I am fed

up

Great inspiration and

motivation

Allah,
Allah, Allah

Succeeded

Maallah

"Please don't mention it.." showing modesty

Estafurull Lafi bile olmaz - It is not even

ah
worth mentioning

At failure

Hay Allah

Aferin! - Well done!

Some of the younger people do not use all these invocations, but you
will hear them everywhere and read them in newspapers and novels, so
to my mind they are useful to know.
Thanks to Alex Taurus and Dicle Dzgn for their contributions - May
2008
Some notes on the formulas above
Allahasmaladk - Means Goodbye. - (lit: We call on Allah..) - when
leaving company or after making a visit to someone's home. This
formula is only spoken by the persons who are actually leaving.
- Listen to
Here our unknown friend is signifying "No" by raising his eyebrows
with an uptilt of the head..
Quite often one will make the sound "tut" at the same time. Note that,
shaking the head from side to side does not mean - "NO". It signifies - I
don't understand.
This is often a mistake made by Europeans when trying to say - "No" and is the cause of many misunderstandings - you must tilt your head
backwards and raise the eyebrows when indicating negation and saying
"No"
If you shake your head to mean - No - you will be misunderstood and
the Turk will probably repeat himself thinking that you have not
understood their meaning...
Turkish Language - Some Daily Turkish Conversational Locutions
Here are a few regularly used locutions translated into Turkish. We all
use these kind of sayings in our daily language to help us think and to

emphasize our meaning. Using these locutions will make your

conversational language seem more fluid and normal in daily speech.
You can sort alphabetically either on English or Turkish by clicking the
header (but note that the Turkish letters , , , , do not sort in series
but at the end of the turkish alphabet after the letter - z.
You can learn this list one by one below:
A List of Daily Conversational Locutions (192)
English

Turkish

According to that

ona gre

At last

nihayet ; sonunda

After all

nede olsa

At least

en azndan

A little

biraz

At most

en ok ; azami

A little bit

bir para

At once

derhal

All day long

btn gn

At random

rastgele

All of a sudden

birdenbire

At short notice

ksa sre iinde

All of you

hepiniz

All over the world

btn dnyada

At the back

arkada

All right

peki

At the door

kapda

All set?

tamam m?

At the end

sonunda

Almost

hemen hemen

At the same time

ayn zamanda

A longtime ago

oktan beri

As a matter of fact

nitekim

Before long

ok gemeden yaknda

As a rule

usulen

As for me

bana kalrsa

Besides

bundan baka

As if ; as though

sanki ; gya

Better

daha iyi

As usual

her zamanki gibi

Both of you

ikiniz de

As you please

nasl isterseniz

By airmail

uakla

At any rate

her zaman

By heart

ezberden

At first

ilkin

By means of

aracyla

At hand

elde

By no means

asla

By the way

sras gelmiken

By turns

sra ile

Care of

eliyle

How is that?

nasl olur?

Come in!

buyurun ; giriniz

How many?

ka tane

Consequently

bundan dolay

How much.

kaa? ; ne kadar?

Don't mention it

bir ey deil

I am sorry!

affedesiniz!; zlyorum

Don't worry

merak etmeyin

Enclosed

iliik olarak

I am sure

eminim

Ever since

o zamandan beri

I beg your pardon

zr dilerim

Every day

her gn

Face to face

yz yze

I can't help it

elimde deil

For ever

sonsuzca

For God's sake!

Allaha akna!

I don't care

aldrmam!

For Instance

rnein

If need be

gerekirse

For sale

satlk

If possible

kabilse

For the first time

ilk kez olarak

Ill-timed

zamansz

for the time being

imdilik

In a hurry

acele ; ivedili

Frequently

sk sk

In any case ; somehow

her halde ; naslsa

From end to end

batan baa

In due course

zamannda

From now on

imdiden sonra

In due time

tam zamannda

From this moment

bu andan sonra

In every respect

her bakmdan

From this time on

bundan sonra

In fact

esasen ; nitekim

Full up

dolmutur

In front of

nnde ; karsnda

Good for nothing

ie yaramaz

In no time

bir rpda

Good looking

yakkl

In order to

amacyla

Good luck

iyi anslar

In spite of it

ona ramen

Gradually

git gide

In the end

sonunda

Help yourself

buyurun

In the first place

ilk nce

How are you?

naslsnz?

In the future

gelecekte

In the long run

sonunda

In the meantime

bu arada

In the middle

ortada

No doubt

phesiz

In the morning

sabahleyin

No harm done

zarar yok

In the open

ak havada

Not at all

hi de deil

In the shade

glgede

Now and again ; now and then

arada srada

In the very act

Sust

In this case

bu halde

In this manner

bylelikle

Of course

tabii

In time

zamannda ; vaktinde

Of late

geenlerde

In turns

sra ile

On and on

durmadan

Isn't it?

deil mi?

Once again

bir daha

Is that so?

sahi mi?

Once and for all

kesinlikle

I suppose so

galiba

Once a week

haftada bir

It is all the same

fark etmez

Once in a while

ara sra

It is not worth while

demez

Once more

tekrar ; bir daha

It is of no use

bouna

On condition that

artyle

One by one

birer birer

Just a moment

bir dakika

On foot

yryerek

Just in case

ne olur ne olmaz

On leave

izinli

Just in time

tam vaktinde

On purpose

bile bile ; kasten

On the contrary

tersine ; aksine

Less

daha az

Let me alone

git iine

On the left

solda

Let's go

gidelim

On the right

sada

Little by little

azar azar

On the other hand

dier taraftan

Long ago

uzun zamandan beri

Look out!

dikkat et!

On top of

tepesinde

Over again

tekrar

Made to order

smarlama

Over there

orada

Maybe

belki ; olabilir

Please

ltfen ; rica ederim

More or less

aa yukar

Providing that

artyle

Ready made

hazr konfeksiyon

Till morning

sabaha kadar

Return ticket

gidi-dn bileti

To be sure

tabii

To let ; to rent

kiralk

Right here

ite burada

Too many

pek ok

Right there

ite orada

Too much

pek fazla

Rough and ready

yarm yamalak

Under age

yaa kk

Up side down

darmadan

Safe and sound

sa salim

Up to date

modern

See you later

gene greli

Up to now

imdiye kadar

Side by side

yan yana

Since a long time

uzun zamandan beri

Welcome!

ho geldiniz

Well done!

bravo!

Since then

ozamandan beri

What happened?

ne oldu?

So long

eyvallah

What's happening? ; What's up?

ne oluyor?

Sooner or later

er ge

So-so

yle byle

What's wrong with you?

neniz var?

So to say

szde ; sanki

So that

yle ki

What's the matter?

ne kar?

What next?

ya sonra?

Thanks a lot

teekkrler

Why not?

neden olmasn?

Agreed ; OK!

anlatk

Willy nilly

ister istemez

That right

doru ; tamam

With a view to

amacyle

That is to say

yani

With no exceptions

ayrksz

That maybe

olabilir

With one accord

oy birlii ile

Then

o zaman ; yleyse

The soonest possible

bir an nce

With your leave

izninizle

You're welcome

bir ey deil

Turkish Language - All about - buyurun - "Please be so kind..."

buyurun - or the more formal - buyurunuz - is a widely used word in
Turkish. There are many translations in English according to context. It
is the second person Singular or Plural of the Simple Present tense of
the verb - buyurmak - which basically means: Would you be so kind
as to... - [Literally: Would you deign to.. to command.. to decree.. to
make an order..]
All or any of these meanings can be applied according to context - and
in fact this word has become a sort of universal polite request, pleasant
command, and is in constant daily use in all areas of Turkish life. A
sort of catch-all word for most situations. - It is a very important word
to learn.

Let us consider how it is used:

When calling on someone's house and they say - buyurun it

means - Please come in...

When they point to a chair - buyurun - Please sit down...

When they serve tea - buyurun - Please drink and enjoy...

On entering a shop the shopkeeper may say - buyurun efendim meaning - Can I help you, sir?..

In a restaurant or cafe when the waiter or bar man says buyurun -it means - What would you like?..

In many busy places markets, souvenir shops, cafes etc. there is

often a professional "barker" who will be saying to all passers by
- buyurun - Come and buy...

If in a cafe you ask to see what food is being prepared in the

kitchen (normal in Turkey) then the answer would be - buyurun
- meaning in this case - Of course you may...!

When answering the telephone you say - buyurun meaning - I'm

listening to your call... - Turkish speakers also say - efendim - on
answering telephone phone to say - Hello..- in a polite manner.

When passing people in narrow places or entering lifts etc. buyurun - means - After you..!

Turkish language - The Time, Seasons, Months, Days, Weather,

Numbers
A Time Vocabulary
saniye - second
an - moment
dakika - minute
saat (plural: saatler - hours) - hour
gn - day
hafta - week
ay - month [also - moon]

yl or sene (arab.) - year - (you will hear both of these words in general
use)
zaman - time
vakit (vakti..) - time as a particular occasion
defa - time (as an event or occasion)
kere - time (as an event, occasion or point in time)
kez - a point in time
The word "time..."
zaman - time - this word is the main one in use for - "time, occasion.."
ne zaman? - what time?, when?
ka zaman - how long?, how much time?
zamandan zamana [zaman-dan zaman-a] - from time to time..
her zaman - all the time, every time, always
her ne zaman - whenever.. vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion
- Note: vakit - loses final vowel when suffixed with a vowel. See
Nouns losing internal vowel
Some examples
vakit (vakti)- point in time, occasion
Bo, vaktimiz var m? - Have we got time to spare?
vaktim yok, vaktim kalmad - I haven't got time...
kere - time, point in time
drt kere - four times
Onu, be kere yaptm - I did it five times..
kez - time, point in time - This is a provincialism, but is also used
regularly in modern daily speech.
kez - three times
her kez - always
bu kez - this time
Thanks to Nurcan Akaltun ifti for additions to the above section - JG
- June 2008.
What time is it..?
All about the - to the o'clock.., past the o'clock.. - and - at the o'clock.. -

usages in Turkish to tell the time. Turkish requires or demands

different/alternative forms when you want to tell the time.
There there are basically four different forms to tell the time.
Sentence structure
Clause structure
Short analog form
Digital Form
Now let us classify the suffixes for each structure
Structure: It is # min. to # o'clock.. -e var
Saat iki'ye on (dakika) var - It is ten (minutes) to two
Structure: It is # min. past # o'clock -i geiyor
Saat iki'yi on (dakika) geiyor. - It is ten (minutes) past two.
Structure: At the time that..At # min. to # o'clock.. -e kala
Saat iki'ye on (dakika) kala. - At ten to two.
Structure: At the time that..At #min. past # o'clock.. -i gee
Saat iki'yi on (dakika) gee. - At ten past two.
The Sentence Structure can only be used with the suffix - -ken - while..
- inside another sentence as the examples below show... Saat ka
acaba? - What time is it please? - Saat Yedi'yi eyrek geiyor.
Some examples
Ne zaman gelirsin? - When (at what time) will you come?
Saat yedi'yi eyrek geiyor'da gelirim - (WRONG!)
Saat yedi'yi eyrek geiyorken gelirim - (TRUE with -ken)
Saat yedi'yi eyrek gee gelirim - (CLAUSE form)
or Saat alt'ya be var'da gelirim - (WRONG!)
Saat alt'ya be varken gelirim - (TRUE with -ken)
Saat alt'ya be kala gelirim - (CLAUSE form)
Any of the 3 forms (except for the sentence structure) can be used
within a sentence. Let us see some examples...

Saat 7'yi eyrek gee gelirim - (Clause)

Saat 7 eyrekte gelirim - (Analog)
Saat 7:15 (yedi onbe)te gelirim - (Digital)
When you use the sentence structure, then it is used like this...
Saat 7'yi eyrek geerken gelirim. - I will arrive at a quarter past
seven. [Lit: I will arrive (come) as (while) a quarter is passing 7
o'clock.]
Some times of day..
Turkish

English

afak

dawn

kahvalt

breakfast

sabah

morning

sabahleyin

at morning, in the morning

gn

day

btn gn

all day long

her gn

every day

gndz

daytime, daylight

le

noon

leden sonra

afternoon

le yemei

lunch

akam

evening

akamleyin

in the evening, at eventide

akam st

teatime, early evening

akam yemei

dinner, evening meal

dn

yesterday

dn sabah

yesterday morning

dn akam

yesterday evening

dn gece

last night

evvelki gn

the day before yesterday

alacakaranlk [alaca-karanlk]

twilight

gece

night

geceleyin

in the night, at night

gece yars Lit: night its-half

midnight

geen gn

the day past, the other day, yesterday

geen ay

last month

geen sene/yil

last year

geen hafta

last week

geenlerde

recently (in the past), lately

erken

early

ge

late

ne zaman

when (what time, the time that..)

ay

month

cumartesi gecesi

saturday night

ertesi gn

the following day

ertesi hafta

the following week

evvelki/evvelsi gn

the day before yesterday

geceleri

at nights

gelecek hafta

next week

hafta

week

br gn

the day after tomorrow

br hafta

the week after next

leleri

at noon times

leyin

at noon

pazar sabah

sunday morning

sabahlar

in the mornings

son gnlerde

in the last few days

son zamanlarda

recently

yarn

tomorrow

yl/sene

year

Saying - "How long for.. ?"

Ne i yaparsnz? - What is your job? - [In general, so uses the Simple
Present Tense]
retmenim. - I am a teacher.
Drt yldr retmenim. - I have been a teacher for 4 years. - [ You
explain how many years you have been a teacher.]
ki bin ten beri retmenim. - I have been a teacher since 2003. [You explain how long since you became a teacher.]
Dnden beri hastaym. - I have been ill since yesterday.
Pazar Gnnden /Pazardan beri evdeyim. - I have been at home
since Sunday.
Saying - "since..."
-meyeli/-mayal oldu/oluyor. - It is/ It was a period time since..
Ben, sinemaya gitmeyeli 3 ay oldu/oluyor. - It was/is three months
since I have been to the cinema.
Birbirimizi grmeyeli be yl oldu/oluyor. - It is five years since we
have seen/are seeing each other.
Onlar evleneli sadece/yalnzca 2 ay oldu/oluyor. - It is just two

months since they were/are married.

Some ways that state the time of an event
oktan, bile, zaten - already, besides
Hl le yemeini yedin mi? - Have you eaten your lunch yet?
Ooo,oktan yedim. - Oooh,I have already eaten.
Yedim bile. - I have already eaten.
Sanrm bir eyler yemek istiyor musun?. - Do you want something
to eat.?
Bana bir ey getirme. - Do not bring me anything.
Ben yedim zaten. - Besides, I have already eaten.
Yeni/imdi/henz - just
Hasan,ltfen banyoya girme. - Hasan,please don't go into the
bathroom.
Yeni/imdi/henz temizledim. - I have just cleaned (it).
Kurumas gerek/lazm. Tamam m? - It needs to dry. OK?
Bana 100 lira dn verir misin Aye? - Can you lend me 100 Tl
Aye?
zgnm.. - [or Kusura bakma..] - veremem. - I am sorry.. I can't
(give).
Daha yeni/imdi faturalar dedim. - I have just paid the bills.
Daha/henz/hl - yet
Daha/henz devini bitirmedin mi? - Haven't/have you finished your
homework yet?
Hayr, daha bitirmedim. Henz deil.. - No, I haven't finished yet.
Not yet..
Daha gelmediler. - They haven't come yet.
imdiye kadar /u ana kadar - So far../up to now../until now..
Bu k imdiye kadar/u ana kadar kar yamad. - It has not snowed
so far this winter.
Bugn imdiye kadar/ u ana kadar hibir ey yemedik. - We have
not eaten anything so far today.

ilk - the (very) first..

Bu ilk kez araba srm/lk kez araba srdm. - This is the first
time I have driven a car.
Bu, son iki saatte itiin beinci kahve. - This is the fifth cup of coffee
you have drunk in the last two hours.
Son be saatte iki fincan kahve itin. - You have drunk two cups of
coffee in the last five hours.
ilk - means - the very first one.., whereas - birinci - means - the first if
a series:
Dnyann ilk insan Adam adl'd - The world's first man was called
Adam
Birinci yar balamak zeredir. - The first race is about to begin.
hayatmda - "ever in my life"
hayatnda/hayatnzda - ever in your life.. (familiar = hayat-n-da
/formal = hayat-nz-da)
onun hayatnda - ever.. in his life.. [hayat--n-da = in his life]
hayatmzda - ever.. in our life
hayatlarnda - ever.. in their life
Bu hayatmda okuduum en skc kitap. - This is the most boring
book I have ever read.
Bu hayatmda iinde bulunduum en zor durum. - This is the most
difficult situation I have ever been in.
Hayatmda tantm en konukan/geveze insan. - He is the most
talkative person I have met in my life.
"Have you ever been to ..?"
There are two methods to translate this in Turkish - (1) The Formal
Method - and - (2) The Familiar/Informal method.
(1) Formal: -de / -da / -te / -ta bulunmak - to be (found) in/on at a
place
- Hi Ankara' da bulundun mu? - Have you ever been to Ankara? [Literature - formal]
(2) Informal: -a/ -ya, -e/-ye gitmek - to go to a place
- Hi Ankara' ya gittin mi? - Have you ever been to Ankara
[Colloquial Speech - informal)

once, twice several times..

bir kez, bir defa, bir kere - once
iki kez, iki defa, iki kere - twice
birok kez/defa/kere - several times
hi - ever [in positive sentences]
hi - never [in negative sentences]
Neredeydin? - [or colloquial - Nerdeydin?] - Where have you been? /
Where were you?
Have you ever been to Antalya? - Hi Antalya'da bulundun mu?
Have you ever been to Antalya? - Hi Antalya'ya gittin mi?
Yes,I have been there once/twice. - Evet, bir defa/iki defa/ orada
bulundum.
Yes,I have been there many times. - Evet, bir ok kere (bir ok kez/
bir ok defa) oraya gittim.
No, I have not been/never been there. - Yo, Antalya'ya hi gitmedim.
No, I have not been/never been there. - Yo, Antalya'da hi
bulunmadm.
Yo.. - is a gentle conversational way of saying - "No..". It is not so
strong as using Hayr - No... It nay be a contraction of - "yok" - "there
is not.."
Thanks to Nurcan Akaltun ifti for contributing the sections above.. JG - June 2008.
Seasons and the Weather
Names of the Months
January - ocak

July - temmuz

February - ubat

August - austos

March - mart

September - eyll

April - nisan

October - ekim

May - mays

November - kasm

June - haziran

December - aralk

Names of the Months (and Days of the Week) are usually written
without a capital letter in Turkish
- Thanks to Emiel V. - 17 Nov. 2009
The Weekday Names
Sunday - pazar - (Lit: market)
Monday - pazartesi - (Lit: after Sunday)
Tuesday - sal - (undefined)
Wednesday - aramba - (Lit: 4 days after Sabbath - from Persian)
Thursday - perembe - (Lit: 5 days after Sabbath - from Persian)
Friday - cuma - (Lit: reunion - related to Persian/Arabic)
Saturday - cumartesi - (Lit: after Friday)
A Turkish Idiom
Bu i, aramba pazar gibi - This job is a complete mess up.. - [lit:
This job is like a Wednesday Market.]
The Seasons of the Year

Yl Mevsimi

ilkbahar - [also bahar is sometimes used] spring

yaz

summer

sonbahar - (also - gz)

autumn or fall (American usage)

winter

When saying "in the summer" Turkish says yazin or "in the winter"
then the word kn is used. This ending -in is an old Instrumental Case
which is no longer used much in day to day speaking other than these
examples. For "in the spring" and "in the autumn", the Static Condition
(Locative) Suffix is used - sonbaharda and ilkbaharda. Very often the
simple word bahar can supplant either ilkbahar or sonbahar - it
depends on the choice of the speaker..
The Cardinal Points

Drt Yn

Kuzey

North

Gney

South

Dou

East

Bati

West

About the Weather - A Weather

Vocabulary
berbat - awful

frtna - storm

souk - cold

gne - sun (n.)

scak - hot

gneli - sunny (adj.)

gzel - good, nice

hava scakl - temperature

harika - marvellous

scaklk - heat

yamur - rain (noun.)

derece - degree(s)

yamur yamak - rain (verb.)

emsiye - umbrella

yamurlu, yal - rainy (adj.)

lk - warm

kar - snow (n.)

hava - weather

kar yamak - snow (v.)

hava tahmini - weather forecast

kar yal, karl - snowy (adj.)

hava durumu - weather condition

dolu - hail

rzgar - wind (n.)

hafif - light

yel - wind

sert - heavy

poyraz - breeze

durmak - stop (v.)

rzgar esmek - to blow wind (v.)

yldrm - lightning (n.)

rzgarl - windy (adj.)

Some daily expressions about the weather

Ne gzel bir gn! - What a lovely day!
Hava yarn nasl olacak? - What will the weather be like tomorrow?
Yine gneli, fakat biraz rzgarl. - It's sunny again, but a little
windy.
Ka derece? - What is the temperature?
Hava ok scak. . - The weather is very hot.
Neredeyse 31 derece. - Nearly 31C (degree Celsius).
Erzurumda kar yaacan dnyor musun? - Do you think it will
snow in Erzurum?
Sanmyorum. Kar iin erken. - I don't think so. It is early to snow.
Frtna olacan dnyor musun? - Do you think there will be a
storm?
Sanmyorum. - I don't think so.
Ama Ar'da kar yayor. - But it is snowing in Ar.
Orada kar ya ne zaman durur? - When will it stop snowing up
there?
Yaknda durur. - It will stop soon.
Yamur mu balayacak? - Will it start to rain?
Evet, birazdan yamur balayacak gibi. - Yes, looks like rain soon.
emsiyeye ihtiyacm olur mu? - Do I need an umbrella?
Sana emsiyeni yanna alman neririm. - I suggest you to get your
umbrella with you.
Ne berbat hava! Saat ba deiiyor. - What an awful weather! It
changes hourly.
Yamur mu yayor? - Is it raining?
Evet, yayor. - Yes, it is (raining).
Cardinal Numbers - one,two
Cardina
l
Number
s 0 - 49
sfr 0

on 10

yirmi 20

otuz 30

krk 40

bir 1

on bir 11

yirmi bir 21

otuz bir 31

krk bir 41

iki 2

on iki 12

yirmi iki 22

otuz iki 32

krk iki 42

on u 13

yirmi u 23

otuz u 33

krk u 43

drt 4

on drt 14

yirmi drt 24

otuz drt 34

krk drt 44

be 5

on be 15

yirmi be 25

otuz be 35

krk be 45

alt 6

on alt 16

yirmi alt 26

otuz alt 36

krk alt 46

yedi 7

on yedi 17

yirmi yedi 27

otuz yedi 37

krk yedi 47

yirmi sekiz 28

otuz sekiz 38

krk sekiz 48

otuz dokuz 39

krk dokuz 49

sekiz 8 on sekiz 18

dokuz 9 on dokuz 19 yirmi dokuz 29

FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=speaker icon"

to 10 - (Listen to mp3)

Cardinal Numbers 1

Cardinal
Numbers 50
- 99
elli 50

altm 60

yetmi 70

seksen 80

elli bir 51

altm bir 61

yetmi bir 71 seksen bir 81 doksan bir 91

elli iki 52

altm iki 62

yetmi iki 72

seksen iki 82

doksan iki 92

elli u 53

altm u 63

yetmi u 73

seksen u 83

doksan u 93

elli drt 54 altm drt 64 yetmi drt 74 seksen drt 84

doksan 90

doksan drt
94

elli be 55

altm be 65 yetmi be 75 seksen be 85 doksan be 95

elli alt 56

altm alt 66 yetmi alt 76 seksen alt 86 doksan alt 96

elli yedi 57 altm yedi 67 yetmi yedi 77 seksen yedi 87 doksan yedi 97
elli sekiz 58 altm sekiz 68

yetmi sekiz
78

seksen sekiz
88

doksan sekiz
98

elli dokuz 59 altm dokuz yetmi dokuz seksen dokuz doksan dokuz

69

79

89

99

Cardinal
Numbers 100
- 1,000,000
yz 100

iki bin 2000

oniki bin 12000

yirmi iki bin 22000

iki yz 200

u bin 3000

onu bin 13000

yirmi u bin 23000

u yz 300

drt bin 4000

ondrt bin 14000

yirmi drt bin 24000

drt yz 400 be bin 5000

onbe bin 15000

yirm be bin 25000

be yz 500

alt bin 6000

onalt bin 16000

yirmi alt bin 26000

alt yz 600

yedi bin 7000

onyedi bin 17000

yirmi yedi bin 27000

yedi yz 700 sekiz bin 8000 onsekiz bin 18000

yirmi sekiz bin 28000

sekiz yz 800 dokuz bin 9000 ondokuz bin 19000 otuz bin 30000
dokuz yz
900

on bn 10000

bin 1000

onbir bin 11000 yirmi bir bin 21000 bir milyon 1000000

yirmi bim 20000

elli bin 50000

Some Notes on Numbers

* yz (yz also means - face or reason)
* Cardinal numbers are followed by singular nouns. iki ev - two
houses, be yz araba - five-hundred cars, krk aa - forty trees
* be yz yirmi bin yedi yz elli sekiz - 523,758 - Which may also
be written in official papers and banks without any spaces - as:
beyzyirmibinyediyzellisekiz - 523,758
* When we in English stste a small general numerical amount we will
say (for instance) - "Two or three eggs". However Turkish will say -
bes yurmurta - three or five eggs

* In Turkish the number krk - forty is used to signify an uncountable

amount.- krk ylda bir - once in forty years - is equivalent to - "Once
in a blue moon" in English.
Ordinal Numbers - "first"
Ordinal Numbers
birinci - also - ilk - first ; 1st

yirmi nc twenty-third ; 23rd

ikinci second ; 2nd

otuz drdnc thirty-fourth ; 34th

nc third ; 3rd

elli beinci fifty-fifth ; 55th

drdnc fourth ; 4th

krk altnc forty-sixth ; 46th

beinci fifth ; 5th

altm yedinci sixty-seventh ; 67th

altnc sixth ; 6th

on sekizinci eighteenth ; 18th

yedinci seventh ; 7th

doksan dokuzuncu ninety-ninth ; 99th

sekizinci eighth ; 8th

yznc hundredth ; 100th

dokuzuncu ninth ; 9th

bininci thousandth ; 1000th

onuncu tenth ; 10th

sfr zero ; 0

Fractions and percentage

yarm (noun) - half
yarm elma - a half an apple
yar (adj.) - half yar elma - a half apple
elmann yars - the apple half
buuk - half - [an hour, a kilo, a serving]
eyrek - quarter of - [an hour, a kilo, a serving]
bir - one, #1 - [And is also the indefinite article - a or an]
te iki [-te iki] - two-thirds - [lit:two in-three]
yzde yirmibe - twenty-five percent - [Lit: 25 in a hundred]
Distributive Numbers - "One each, two each, three each.."
Distributive Numbers

yarmar

half each

birer

one each

ikier

two each

er

three each

drder

four each

beer

five each

altar

six each

yedier

seven each

sekizer

eight each

dokuzar

nine each

onar

ten each

on birer

eleven each

yirmier

twenty each

yirmi beer

twenty-five each

otuzar

thirty each

krkar

forty each

ellier

fifty each

yzer

a hundred each

ikier yz - (NOT iki yzer)

two hundred each

biner

a thousand each

ikier bin - (NOT iki biner)

two thousand each

birer milyon- (NOT milyonar NOR bir

milyonar)

a million each

Kzlara ikier elma verin

Give the girls two apple each.

Trk Renkleri - Turkish Colours

The Farsi Word - siyah - black - is mainly used for siyah zeytin - black
olives, otherwise the word - kara - black - is used for the colour
"black".
The word - kara - also has another meaning - land, shore, as in:
karayollar - land roads (network), main roads, karakuvetleri - land
forces, kara sular - territorial waters
The Old Turkish Words for - Red - Al and - White - Ak are mostly used
in place names and family names. Alsancak - Red Banner (an area of
zmir) - Akhisar - Whitefort, Bay Alkan - Mr. Redblood. Otherwise
the words - beyaz, kirmizi - are used
Words in italics are the intensified form of the colour. Siyah (Farsi.) Simsiyah Black - Pitch Black Kara - Kapkara Black - Pitch Black
Beyaz - Bembeyaz White - Snow White Krmz - Kpkrmz Red Bright Red Mavi - Masmavi Blue - Bright Blue Turuncu Orange Yeil
- Yemyeil Green - Bright Green Mor - Mosmor Purple - Deep Purple
Pembe - Pespembe Pink - Shocking Pink Kahverengi Brown (Lit:
coffee coloured) Sar - Sapsar Yellow - Bright Yellow Gri Grey
Renk/Rengi Color Ak Renkli Light Coloured Ak yeil Light green
Koyu Renkli Dark Coloured Koyu gri Dark grey Turkuaz Turquiose
Lacivert Navy Blue Gm Renkli Silver Coloured Eflatun Lilac
Macenta Magenta Bej Beige Bordo Claret Altn Renkli Gold
Coloured Ak (Old Turkish.) White Al (Old Turkish.) Red

Turkish Language - How to say - "Thanks.."

Here we point out the difference in usage of - teekkr ederim - thank
you.. - and the more sincere - sa olun - stay healthy..
What are the services being rendered to us..?
(1) sa olun - be healthy, be strong - is used as - thank you.. - for a
service which:

(A) Was not necessarily needed to be performed..

(B) for someone who has gone out of his way to help you...
(2) While - teekkr ederim - thank you.. - [Lit: a thanking perform I from Arabic] - is used:
In normal circumstances and receiving presents.
Scenario (1)
The waiter puts a nice meal in front of you. Your - thank you - is teekkr ederim - it is his job...
The waiter puts a bottle of wine in front of you. Your - thank you - is teekkr ederim - it is his job...
Then the waiter uncorks the bottle of wine and pours it in your glass.
Your - thank you - is - sa olun - he need not have performed this
service.
The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your - sa olun - with
the rejoinder - siz de sa olun - health to you (too).. - [the Polite
Version said to to stranger].
Other forms are - sen de sa ol - or quite short - siz de - or - sen de you too..
Scenario (2)
You ask someone the time. He looks at his watch and says - Half past
three.
Your answer is - sa olun - [You have caused him to perform a service
to you]
Scenario (3)
You drop your handkerchief - a stranger picks it up and hand it to you.
Your answer is - sa olun - [He need not have done it..]
Scenario (4)
Here is a comment one of our readers has made about Manisa Turkish.
He has used sa olun correctly. Thanking us for providing something
unasked...

Very nice website...

...Very descriptive and helpful .. Manisa Turkish has helped me
in communicating with my Turkish friends. I just wanted to give

you a very big sa olun for producing such a useful website...!

Dan R. - March 2008
See all accolades for the Manisa Turkish website Our accolades
Many tourists use - sa olun - wrongly instead of using teekkr ederim - as they copy the boy waiter's way of thanking
- as the waiters often use - sa olun - for misguided effect. The
rule is, if in doubt then use - teekkr ederim...
How to answer a "thank you.."
The answer to teekkr ederim... is - bir ey deil - It is not a thing or - rica ederim - I request..! - [same as "bitte schn" in German]
Also used is - ne demek? - what does it mean?. This expression - ne
demek? - sounds quite comical in English. But it actually means
something like: - It doesn't matter at all..
The answer - Rica ederim - is the politest one.
The recipient of your gratitude will often answer your - sa olun - with
the rejoinder - sana sa olun - health to you (too).. Other Versions are:
sa ol - familiar
sa olunuz - public and plural
A simple - teekkrler.. also means a very informal - thanks.. and is
used in shops and for small duties performed.
A little "caveat" - or - "take care.."
Many people when first learning Turkish are tempted to use the Present
Continuous Tense form - teekkr ediyorum... - we would advise you
that this form sounds quite comical to the Turkish ear and can also be
construed as being sarcastic, so one should always use the Present
Simple form - teekkr ederim... - and you will not go wrong or be
misunderstood.

Expressing need
The usual verbs used to say - Do you like something..? I like
something.. I don't like something.. are as follows:

Positive
sevmek

Negative
to love, to like

sevmemek

not to love, not to like

beenmek to like

beenmemek not to like

rica etmek to request

rica etmemek to not request

The word - rica - is of Arabic Origin and the pronunciation of the last
letter -A is very open - pronounced ricAAA ederim - being Arabic,
this word does not follow Turkish Pronunciation Rules.
Listen to the long "aaa.." in FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Speaker
Icon"

Rica ederim

When a Turkish person asks if you like something, they normally ask in
the Past Tense - Did you like the apple? - These type of questions are
also answered in the Past Tense - Yes I liked the apple?
We can see from the examples below that Turkish usually uses the Past
Tense in its questions and answers of Preferences. It is different in
English as we use both Present and Past Tenses in these situations.
Asking Formally - with the -iniz form for the polite - you
Yemeinizi sevdiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal?
Yemeinizi beendiniz mi? - Did/Do you like your meal?
Yemei sevdim. - I like/liked the meal.
Yemei beendim - I like/liked the meal.
Or the familiar form using the -in less formal form for - you
Trkiye'yi sevdin mi? or Trkiye'yi beendin mi? - Did you like
Turkey?
Yolculuu sevdin mi? - Did you enjoy the journey?
Or you may not have liked it!
Trkiye'yi sevdiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey?
Trkiye'yi beendiniz mi? - Do/Did you like Turkey?
unu sevmedim. - I don't like/ didn't like that.
unu beemedim - I don't like/ didn't like that.
This shows the use of unu - that one - in its disparaging meaning.

A little "Formula Speak" - one might say... seni seviyorum! [Lit: I am loving you!] - I love you..!
Turkish uses the Continuous Tense to say - I love you.. as it is
more vivid than the Simple Tense which we use in English.
How to say that you do not like something..
We have learned how to say that - we like something .. using the verbs sevmek - and - beenmek..
To say that - we do not like something.. we must use the negative verbs
- sevmemek - and beenmemek.
Some Examples of the Negative
Yolculuunuzu sevdiniz mi? - Did you like your journey?
Hayr, yolculuumu sevmedim - No, I didn't like my journey.
Hayr, onu beenmedim - No, I didn't like it.
Bamyay sevmiyor musunuz? - Don't you like okra?
Yoo, bamyay sevmem - No, I don't like okra (at all).
Ankara,y beendiniz mi? - Did you like Ankara?
Ankara'y beenmedim. - No, I didn't like Ankara.
Using the Present Continuous Tense in Turkish in this situation
conveys vividness.
Evet, onu ok seviyorum.. - Yes, I like it a lot..
Yoo, onu sevmiyorum. - No, I am not liking it (at the moment).
- Note the use - of - Yoo.. for No... This is a polite conversational way
of saying No... It actually comes from - yok - There isn't.. - but it is
gentler than - hayr - the real No! which conveys a real negative feeling
- and is used a lot in conversation.
Some other ways of Expressing Need
istemek - to want - Note: This word is a verb.
Need can be expressed with various verbs - the main one being istemek - to want..
This can be answered with the verb rica etmek - to (would) like ... to
request .. - very much like the - "bitte schn" - of German.
stediiniz bir ey var m? - Is there anything that you want?
Bir havlu rica ederim - I would like (I request) a towel

ihtiya - necessity/need/requirement - Note: this word is a noun.

Another word which is used quite often is - ihtiya necessity/need/requirement
Bir ihtiyanz var m? - Is there anything that you require? - [lit:
Have you a requirement?]
Evet, bir bardak su, rica ederim. - Yes, I would like (I request) a
glass of water
arzu - wish, desire - Note: this word is also a noun.
Also there is the use of the noun - arzu - wish, desire
Baka arzunuz var m? - Is there any thing else (that you desire)?
This word is often used by shop keepers - grocers and the like Anything else madam...? - when daily purchases are being made.
A note about the very important word - "Ho - agreeable, joyful"
This word is used in many idioms and daily speech, and has many
related meanings. Ho - joy - is used with the auxiliary verb - gitmek to go: Houma gitti - [Ho-um-a] - I enjoyed it - [lit: It went to my
joy..] - this formula is used a lot in daily Turkish conversation.
Some of
the
many
meanin
gs of ho
ho

agreeable

ho

amiable

ho

amusing

ho

bonny

ho

charming

ho

congenial

ho

cosy

ho

cozy

ho

cuddly

ho

darling

ho

debonair

ho

delicious

ho

enchanting

ho

engaging

ho

entertaining

ho

fine

ho

genial

ho

good

ho

graceful

ho

grateful

ho

tolerant

ho

pleasant

ho

nice

ho

quaint

ho used with bir - strange, odd, peculiar

O arky duyunca Durmu'un yz bir ho oldu. - When he heard
that song Durmu got an odd look on his face.
Midem bir ho. - My stomach feels funny.
Sami'nin sylediklerine hi aldrma, kafas bir hotur. - Don't pay
any attention to what Sami says, his head has gone.
even if.. - Ho, param da olsa almazdm. - Even if I had the money I
wouldnt buy it.
anyway, anyhow.. - Ho, bunu biliyordum. - I knew this anyway.
Ho bulduk! [lit: we found goodness] - Thank you! (said in reply to a
welcoming greeting).
Ho geinmek /la/ - to get on well (with).
Mehmet'le ho geiniyoruz. - We are getting on on well with Mehmet.
Ho geldiniz! - Welcome! (said to an arriving guest).
Hoa gitmek - to be pleasing
Houma gitti - I enjoyed it. [Ho-um-a]
John'un houna gitmi [ho-u-n-a ] - It seems that John enjoyed it.
Houna gitmek /n/ - to please
Mehmet'in houna gitti. [ho-u-n-a ] - Mehmet enjoyed it.
John'un houna gitmi [ho-u-n-a ] - It seem that John enjoyed it.
Ho grmek // - to be tolerant of, overlook, condone
Polis, onu ho grd. - The policeman tolerated it.
Bu kan problemi ho grdk. - We tolerated the problem that
happened.
Ho karlamak // - to assent to, give one's assent to
Belediye, yeni ev planlarm ho karlayacak. - The Town
Corporation will give assent to my new house plans.
Ho tutmak // - to be nice to, make (someone) feel welcome
Ltfen yeni gelen turistleri ho tutunuz. - Please be nice to the newly

arrived tourists
Very often you are adding suffixes to the important noun - ho goodness, joy (basically)
ho = goodness
ho-um = my goodness
ho-um-a = to my goodness
ho-um-a gitti = I enjoyed it [It went to my goodness]
- This is a Turkish idiom and much used in daily conversation.
Turkish Language -Turkish Modes of Address
"Who are you...?"
The usual method of address when you do not know the person's name
or title is as follows:
- For males: Beyefendi - Sir - Daily pronunciation is truncated to: Beyfendi
- For females: Hanmefendi - Miss or Madam - Daily pronunciation is
truncated to: - Hanfendi - These are used in formal situations and to
strangers.
Personal Addressing - Formal and Informal
As stated, the above are used in formal situations. Once names are
known then bey and hanm are used after the first name, this usage is
still formal and semi-formal. These titles follow the given-name
(Christian name) and are written without a Capital Letter:
Mustafa bey - Mr. Mustafa
Aye hanm - Miss or Mrs. Aye
These are used in formal situations when you know the person's first
name but also in informal situations to acquaintances, friends and even
to you own family members.
Surnames are not usually used in Conversational Turkish, so the
Mustafa bey can mean - Mr. Mustafa and Aye hanm can mean Mrs.
OR Miss Aye (in a formal situation) or it can mean just a friendly
Mustafa or Aye (without the title) between acquaintances.

All About Names

Turkish has two words for the first name of a person - isim or ad - and
they can both be used at any time as they are interchangeable. The
Turkish word for surname is soyad - there is no corresponding word
for surname based in the word isim
sminiz ne? - What is your first name?
smim Aye. - My name is Aye.
isim - name - becomes - ism-iniz - your name and ism-im - my
name. This is one of the nouns that "apocopate" (ie: loses an
internal vowel)
isim - name - is one of the nouns in Turkish which lose an
internal vowel when adding a suffix which begins with a vowel
itself.
Click Me - to toggle the list of nouns which lose a vowel
Basic Noun

Direct Object Form

Basic Meaning

Aciz

Aczi - (NOT - acizi)

Impotence

Az

Az

Mouth

Ahit

Ahdi

Injunction

Akl

Akl

Intelligence

Akt

Akt

Treaty

Akis

Aksi

Reflection

Aln

Aln

Forehead

Asl

Asl

Origin

Asr

Asr

Century

Azim

Azmi

Determination

Bar

Bar

Bosom

Beyin

Beyni

Brain

Boyun

Boynu

Neck

Burun

Burnu

Nose

Cisim

Cismi

Substance, matter, object

Crm

Crm

Crime

Defin

Defni

Burial

Devir

Devri

Period

Ecir

Ecri

Reward/Wage

Emir

Emri

Order ; Command

Fasil

Fasli

Part, chapter

Fetih

Fethi

Conquest

Fikir

Fikri

Idea

Filim

Filmi

Film(Cinema)

Geniz

Genzi

Nostril

Gs

Gs

Breast

Gnl

Gnl

Heart/Desire

Hacm

Hacm

Volume

Haciz

Haczi

Distraint, confiscation,

- Haciz

- Haczi

- seizure

Hapis

Hapsi

Prison

Hasim

Hasmi

Enemy, foe, rival

Hazm

Hazm

Digestion

Hm

Hm

Rage/Anger

Hilkt
Hilkti
Hilkt garibesi Idiomatic use

(a) creation
monstrosity, freak

Hzn

Grief

Hzn

lim

lmi

Science

sim

smi

Name

zin

zni

Leave/Time off

Kadir

Kadri

Worth/Value

Kahr

Kahr

Anxiety

Karn

Karn

Stomach

Kast

Kast

Intention, purpose,

- Kast

- Kast

- deliberateness

Kayn

Kayn

Brother-in-law

Kayp

Kayb

Loss

Kesir

Kesri

Fraction (in maths)

Keif

Kefi

Discovery

Keyif

Keyfi

Pleasure

Ksm

Ksm

Part (of)

Metin

Metni

Text

Nabz

Nabz

Pulse

Nakil

Nakli

Transport

Nakit

Nakdi

Cash

Nazm

Nazm

Verse, poetry

Nefis

Nefsi

Self, personality

Nesir

Nesri

Prose

Neir

Neri

Publication, edition

- Neir

- Neri

- broadcasting

Nutuk

Nutku

Speech, oration

Oul

Olu

Son

Resim

Resmi

Picture

Sabr

Sabr

Patience

Sath

Sath

Superficie, plane

Seyir

Seyri

Motion

Skt

Skt

Miscarriage

ekil

ekli

Form/Shape

kr

kr

Gratitude

Tavr

Tavr

Mode/Manner

Ufuk

Ufku

Horizon

Usul

Usl

Mode/Manner

Vakit

Vakti

Time, occasion

Vasf

Vasf

Characteristic, qualification

- Vasf

- Vasf

- quality

Zehir

Zehri

Poison

Zihin

Zihni

Intellect

Zulm

Zulm

Tyranny, cruelty

Adnz ne? - What is your first name?

Adm Ali - My name is Ali.
Soyadnz ne? - What is your surname?
Soyadm Karaca - My surname is Karaca.
Finding out about a Third Person
The third person suffix is -i or - meaning - his, her, its
Onun ismi ne? - What is his name?

Onun ismi Mehmet - His name is Mehmet.

Onun ad ne? - What is her name?
Onun ad Deren - Her name is Deren.
Onun soyad ne? - What is his surname?
Onun soyad Grses - His surname is Grses.
If we are talking about a third person remote from us we may ask the
question: What is that man's name?. In this case we must translate the
words "man's name" correctly by using the Possessive Relationship to
show that the two words belong to each other.
adamn ismi - the man's name - [Lit: the name of the man..]
adamn ad - the man's name
adamn soyad - the man's surname
O Beyefendinin soyad ne? - What is that gentleman's surname? [Lit: the surname of the man..]
O Beyefendinin ismi ne? - What is that gentleman's name?
If we want to make the sentence more conversational we would
normally say : I wonder what that lady's name is?. I wonder.... is
simply translated by adding the word - acaba - at the beginning or end
of the Turkish question.
O Hanmefendinin ad ne, acaba? - I wonder what that lady's name
is?
Acaba, Mehmed'in soyad ne? - I wonder what Mehmet's surname is?
Kz kardeinizin ismi ne, acaba? - What is your sister's name, I
wonder?
Addressing Letters and Envelopes
There is an increasing use of addressing people by their surname especially used on television in interviews etc.
This method uses the word - Sayn - esteemed - before the surname
directly. If the interviewee's name is Musafa Kurt, then he may be
addressed as Mustafa bey - (formal and informal) or directly by his
surname as Sayn Kurt - Esteemed Kurt - (formal and public) or Bay
Kurt - Mr. Kurt - (polite and official). Bay - Mr. - and - Sayn Esteemed - are usually spelt with capital letters, but they can be found
without capital letters.

Addressing Envelopes
Letter Addressed in Turkish
Sayn Mustafa Kurt
ekmece Mah.
Uzunyol Sok. Nolu:24 D:6
Baaras Ky
02332 ZMR - TRKYE

Analysis of this Address

Esteemed Mustafa Kurt
ekmece District
Uzunyol Street No.24 Apt No. 6
Baaras Village
Post Code. Postal County.
Country

Some Abbreviations used in addresses

Sok. (Sokak) - Street
Cad. (Cadde or Caddesi) - Road
Bul. (Bulvar or Bulvar) - Avenue
Yol. (Yol) - Way, Route
Mah. (Mahalle or Mahallesi) - Local
District

D. (Daire) - Apartment, Suite

Apt. (Apartman) - Apartment
K. (Kat) - Floor
No. (Numara) - Number
Nolu. (Numarala) - Numbered

Greetings
In semi formal situations there is a four stage greeting procedure:
The Welcome: - ho geldiniz or less formal ho geldin - Welcome!.
- This is answered by ho bulduk - We found it well!
The Greeting: - This is an exchange of merhaba - Hello
The Asking after Health Stage: - naslsnz? (formal) or naslsn?
(informal) - How are you?
The Response: - This is is answered by yiyim, teekkr ederim I am well, thank you. This then followed by a question about the
other's health: siz naslsnz? - You, how are you?
gnaydn - good morning, good day, good afternoon
iyi gnler - good day
iyi akamlar - good evening - (said in arrival..)
iyi geceler - good night - (said on leaving company..)

grmek zere - see you soon

hoa kal - so long - [Lit: stay joyful]
Note that the plural is used in - "Good day, Good evening, Good night"
- similar to the Spanish - "Buenos Das"
Listen to: FPRIVATE "TYPE=PICT;ALT=Speaker Icon"
kal.. - Saying - "Cheerio.. Goodbye.."

Hosa

Some Daily Informal Greetings

For an informal greeting like - Hi! - in English Turkish uses - Selam..!
- to which the answer is the same - selam..!
Also one can use - What's up..? - Na'ber..? Na'ber..? - is commonly
used in everyday language. It is actually - Ne haber..? - What news..?
[Lit: - It's good. ..and from you.?]. The answer is generally - iyidir,
senden..?
Another informal greeting is - ne var? ne yok..? - What is
happening..? [Lit: What is there..(going on..?) What isn't there.. (going
on..?)] - The answer to this one is - iyilik..! - Goodness..! Wellness..!
A Long Goodbye..
There is a "Formula Speak" that is used quite lot and is very common
for saying your "Goodbyes". This is often used when leaving company
or on going away to somewhere. The person(s) who are leaving will
say - Allaha smalardk..! - goodbye..! - [a quasi religious-type
formula].
The answer said by those staying behind is - gle gle..! - Cheerio..! [Lit: Go with a smile!].
If you use this formula after visiting your Turkish friends they will be
suitably impressed..
The Muslim Peace Greeting
selmnaleykm, (a Muslim peace greeting), answered by aleykmselm
This greeting is mainly used between passing strangers - normally both
male - during travel or on entry to a crowded room, such as a tea house,
when one cannot address everybody personally.

Turkish Language - How to say - Too much.. Too many..

The translation of - too.., too much.. is a common difficulty for the
student of Turkish. The dictionary equivalent is - fazla - in excess or
lzumdan fazla - in excess of its necessity.
(1) Too .. meaning - "very..."
However in daily conversational Turkish - ok - very - is used to
convey the meaning too much.., too many...
- In such a sentence as - I didn't buy it, it was too expensive. - the "too" - should simply be translated by ok - very.
- Onu almadm, ok pahalyd - I didn't buy it, it was too expensive.
(2) Too .. meaning - "overly.., excessively.."
fazla - in excess - should be used where the context does not make
sense by using ok - very
- Baban, seninle fazla sabrldr - Your father is too patient with you.
(3) Too.. as "ability to.." or "inability to.."
For the type of sentence - He was too tired to undress (himself) - where
neither ok - very or fazla - in excess - is not suitable - Turkish uses a
special comparative type construction.
- Soyunamyacak kadar yorgundu - [Lit: He was tired the amount
pertaining-to-his-future inability-to-undress.] - He was too tired to get
undressed.
This third form is explained in detail below..
Verb Forms - Basic Infinitive - -mek/-mak
soymak - to undress somebody else
Reflexive Infinitive
soyunmak - to undress oneself
Negative Reflexive Infinitive
soyunmamak - not to undress oneself
Negative Potential Reflexive Infinitive
soyunamamak - not to be able to undress oneself
Future Relative Reflexive Participle - -ecek/-acak
soyunacak - a future undressing of oneself

Negative Future Relative Reflexive Participle

soyunmayacak - a future not undressing oneself
Negative Future Potential Relative Reflexive Participle
soyunamayacak - a future not being able to undress oneself
A further example of this type
The verb is basically gitmek - to go - which in this sentence takes the
form of the Negative Potential - gidememek - not to be able to go
Sinemaya gidemeyecek kadar megulum - I am too busy to go to the
cinema
The construction for - too.. - therefore is - Future Potential Relative
Participle + kadar + comparison verb + person
Aye, bu yl tatil yapamayacak o kadar hastayd
Aye, this year her-future-inability-to-make-a- holiday that-amount ill
she was
- Aye was too ill to go on holiday this year.
Araba gzel zaman iinde duramayacak kadar abuk sryordu
The car in-good-time its-future-inability-to-stop that-amount quickly
was-going
- The car was going too fast to be able to stop in time.