Articulos Cientificos Bebidas Hidratantes

TY - JOUR
T1 - Carbohydrate-electrolyte rehydration protects against intravascular volume

contraction during colonic cleansing with orally administered sodium phosphate
JO - Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
VL - 56
IS - 5
SP - 633
EP - 638
PY - 2002/11//
T2 AU - Barclay, Robert L.
AU - Depew, William T.
AU - Vanner, Stephen J.
SN - 0016-5107
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5107(02)70109-0
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016510702701090
AB - Background: Colonic cleansing with sodium phosphate causes intravascular v
olume contraction in some patients. This study tested the hypothesis that carboh
ydrate-electrolyte oral rehydration would attenuate the hypovolemic changes asso
ciated with administration of sodium phosphate. Methods: Adult outpatients were
randomized to ingest either regular clear fluids or a carbohydrate-electrolyte r
ehydration solution during precolonoscopy purgation by ingestion of aqueous sodi
um phosphate. Investigators were blinded to the treatment assignment of patients
. Clinical hemodynamic measurements and biochemical tests were obtained at basel
ine and after bowel preparation. Tolerability and colonoscopic visualization wer
e assessed with questionnaires. Results: One hundred sixty-eight patients comple
ted the study (81 clear fluids, 87 rehydration). By comparison with clear fluids
, rehydration resulted in significantly less intravascular volume contraction. C
hanges in estimated central venous pressure and orthostatic pulse were significa
ntly greater in the clear fluid group versus the rehydration group (p < 0.03)
. Changes in biochemical parameters after purgation also suggested a greater deg
ree of volume contraction in the clear fluid versus rehydration group. Colonosco
pic visualization was superior in the rehydration versus clear fluid group (p &l
t; 0.01); tolerability of the preparations was similar between groups (p = 0.2).
Conclusions: Carbohydrate-electrolyte rehydration protects against intravascula
r volume contraction during preparation for colonoscopy by ingestion of sodium p
hosphate. This approach is well tolerated by patients and improves colonic clean
sing. (Gastrointest Endosc 2002;56:633-8.)
ER TY
T1
JO
VL
IS
SP
EP
PY
T2
AU
AU
SN
DO
UR
ER
JOUR
Sports and Energy Drinks
Journal of Renal Nutrition
18
2
e1
e8
2008/3//
Kotke, Kelly
Gehrke, Kim
1051-2276
http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.jrn.2007.10.034
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1051227607002592
TY - JOUR
T1 - Consumers Dive Into Fortified Drinks
JO - Journal of the American Dietetic Association
VL
IS
SP
EP
PY
T2
AU
SN
DO
UR
ER
102
11
1602
1604
2002/11//
Brown, Damon
0002-8223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90340-8
TY - JOUR
T1 - Exploring the influence of sports drink exposure on physical endurance
JO - Psychology of Sport and Exercise
VL - 9
IS - 6
SP - 749
EP - 759
PY - 2008/11//
T2 AU - Friedman, Ron
AU - Elliot, Andrew J.
SN - 1469-0292
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.12.001
KW - Priming
KW - Motivation
KW - Automaticity
KW - Persistence
KW - Achievement
KW - Challenge
AB - Objectives
To examine the role of automatic processes in sport and exercise settings. More
specifically, the present studies tested the hypothesis that visual exposure to
a sports drink would increase endurance by influencing perceptions of a physical
ly demanding task.
Design
An experimental design was used, such that participants performed a physically d
emanding task both before and after exposure to either a popular sports drink, o
r a spring water control condition.
Method
Across three experiments (total N = 141 ), physical endurance was measured using
amount of time spent persisting at the task.
Results
Across three experiments, visual exposure to a sports drink, relative to a sprin
g water control condition, led to greater persistence on physical tasks, consist
ent with the well-known association between sports drinks and endurance. Partici
pants exhibited no awareness of the effect that viewing the sports drink had on
their subsequent behavior. The observed effect was partially mediated by challen
ge construal, such that those exposed to a sports drink were more likely to perc
eive an achievement task as a positive challenge and this, in turn, led to great
er persistence.
Conclusions
Findings provide support for the notion that physical objects can alter athletic
performance outside of conscious awareness. Results are discussed in terms of t
he subtle influence of environmental cues on behavior.
ER -
TY
T1
JO
VL
IS
SP
EP
PY
T2
SN
DO
UR
ER
JOUR
Drinking to win
The Lancet
338
8772
940
941
1991/10/12/
Originally published as Volume 2, Issue 8772
0140-6736
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0140-6736(91)91798-Y
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/014067369191798Y
TY - JOUR
T1 - Effect of Carbohydrate-Electrolyte Sports Beverages on Urinary Stone Risk
Factors
JO - The Journal of Urology
VL - 182
IS - 3
SP - 992
EP - 997
PY - 2009/9//
T2 AU - Sweeney, Danielle D.
AU - Tomaszewski, Jeffrey J.
AU - Ricchiuti, Daniel D.
AU - Averch, Timothy D.
SN - 0022-5347
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.juro.2009.05.020
KW - urolithiasis
KW - risk factors
KW - diet
AB - Purpose
We evaluated the effects of consuming carbohydrate-electrolyte sports beverages
(Gatorade) on urinary stone risk factors.
Materials and Methods
Twelve normal subjects (5 men, 7 women) and 12 hypercalciuric stone formers (2 m
en, 10 women) participated in a 4-week prospective, crossover study consisting o
f 3 study phases. In phase 1 subjects were placed on a monitored stone preventio
n diet that was continued throughout the study. In phase 2 subjects ingested 2 l
Gatorade daily followed by a 7-day washout period. In phase 3 subjects ingested
2 l water daily. On the final day of phases 1, 2 and 3 a 24-hour urine collecti
on and blood sample were analyzed for stone risk factors. Effects of group and p
hase were tested using repeated measures ANOVA and paired t tests.
Results
Changes in urinary risk factors after Gatorade consumption revealed no statistic
ally significant difference between normal subjects and stone formers. However,
intrasubject variation occurred in both groups. Gatorade consumption in both gro
ups increased urinary pH (p = 0.006), urinary chloride (p = 0.044) and urinary s
odium (p = 0.008), and decreased urinary potassium (p = 0.035) and urinary uric
acid (p = 0.019) in a statistically significant manner. In response to Gatorade
consumption urinary volume, calcium and citrate were unchanged compared to water
consumption and baseline.
Conclusions
Gatorade increased mean urinary sodium and chloride levels compared to water and
baseline. However, the results were within normal urinary parameters. The chang
e did not appear to be clinically significant as urinary calcium was unchanged.
Overall consumption of Gatorade does not increase or decrease urinary stone risk
factors.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Ingestion of hypertonic NaCl vs. palatable drinks by sodium-depleted rats
JF - Physiology and Behavior
VL - 75
IS - 4
SP - 443
EP - 448
PY - 2002///
AU - Nozaki, P.N.
AU - Pereira, D.T.B.
AU - Moura, F.V.
AU - Menani, J.V.
AU - De Luca Jr., L.A.
AD - Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Paulista Stat
e University (FOAr-UNESP), 14801-903 Araraquara, Brazil
AB - This work investigated whether the preference for NaCl solution is shifted
to more palatable solutions in the adult male sodium-depleted rat (n=6-10 per g
roup). Animals had daily access to three bottles, one containing water, another
1.8% NaCl (300 mM), and a third containing 0.9% NaCl (150 mM), Gatorade (orange
- OG or grape flavored - GG), orange juice (sweetened or unsweetened, from conce
ntrate), or 10% sucrose (no sodium). Sodium content in Gatorade and orange juice
ranged from 7 to 14 mEq/l. Daily intakes were recorded for at least 5 days prio
r to sodium depletion. Then, the animals were depleted of sodium (diuretic plus
sodium-deficient diet and water for 24 h). Then, the other two bottles were retu
rned to the animals and the intakes were recorded for 120 min (sodium preference
test, SPT). Daily intake from the third bottle (except for unsweetened orange j
uice) at least doubled the daily 1.8% NaCl intake. The average 1.8% NaCl intake
(132 ml) in the SPT was higher than the intake of 10% sucrose (61 ml) or of any ot
her solution (less than 6 ml). The intakes of 1.8% NaCl and 0.9% NaCl (103 ml) we
re similar during the SPT. The animals also preferred 0.9% NaCl (271 ml) to OG (31
ml) in the absence of 1.8% NaCl in the SPT. Therefore, the preference for sodiu
m in sodium-depleted rats also applies when palatable and nutritive solutions ar
e simultaneously available. 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
KW - Dehydration
KW - Gatorade
KW - Isotonic drinks
KW - Orange juice
KW - Salt intake
KW - Sodium intake
KW - Taste
N1 - Cited By (since 1996):7
N1 - Export Date: 16 April 2013
N1 - Source: Scopus
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?eid=2-s2.0-0036535409&partnerID=40
&md5=65753c1446b5f6f2d15e50fa09e3fa05
ER TY
T1
JO
VL
IS
SP
JOUR
Glycemic Index of Popular Sport Drinks and Energy Foods
Journal of the American Dietetic Association
102
3
415
EP
PY
T2
AU
AU
AU
SN
DO
UR
ER
417
2002/3//
TY
T1
JO
VL
IS
SP
EP
PY
Y2
T2
SN
DO
UR
ER
JOUR
Enamel erosion caused by beverages
Dental Abstracts
54
1
37
39
2009/1//
2009/2//
GRETEBECK, RANDALL J.
GRETEBECK, KIMBERLEE A.
TITTELBACH, THOMAS J.
0002-8223
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8223(02)90097-0
0011-8486
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.denabs.2008.08.033
TY - JOUR
T1 - Dehydration rates and rehydration efficacy of water and sports drink durin
g one hour of moderate intensity exercise in well-trained flatwater kayakers
JF - Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore
VL - 37
IS - 4
SP - 261
EP - 265
PY - 2008///
AU - Sun, J.M.F.
AU - Chia, J.K.K.
AU - Aziz, A.R.
AU - Tan, B.
AD - Changi Sports Medicine Centre, Changi General Hospital, Singapore, Singapo
re
AD - Exercise Physiology Department, Singapore Sports Council, Singapore, Singa
pore
AD - Changi General Hospital, Changi Sports Medicine Centre, 2 Simei Street 3,
Singapore 529889, Singapore
AB - Introduction: The aim of this study is to investigate the amount of water
loss and percentage dehydration experienced during 1 hour of paddling on the kay
ak ergometer so as to help coaches and athletes tailor a suitable and adequate r
ehydration regime. Also, rehydration efficacy between water and a well establish
ed, commercially available sports drink (Gatorade, Quaker Oats company, USA) was
investigated in this cross-over study. Materials and Methods: Ten national flat
water kayakers were monitored in a controlled setting while paddling the kayak e
rgometer for 1 hour at an intensity sustainable for long distance marathon. They
rehydrated themselves ad libitum with provided beverage. Post-void towel-dried
body mass was measured before and after the exercise with percentage dehydration
calculated. Body core temperature (tympanic temperatures), ratings of perceived
exertion and thirst index were monitored every 15 minutes. The amount of fluid
consumed, urine output and urine specific gravity were obtained after exercise.
Results: The results [mean standard deviation (SD)] showed that kayakers underwe
nt 1.10 0.52% dehydration while rehydrating with water as compared to 0.72 0.38%
while rehydrating with Gatorade. Also, athletes on water rehydration had higher
rating of perceived exertion (RPE) at the 30th and 60th minute mark of the exer
cise. Overall, athletes undergoing water rehydration lost significantly morebody
mass (0.70 0.39 kg) as compared to rehydrating with Gatorade (0.46 0.27). Concl
usion: Although the hydration efficacy of Gatorade proved superior to that of wa
ter, the athletes' hydration habits with either fluids did not provide adequate
hydration. It is recommended that specific strategies be developed to address de
hydration and rehydration issues of kayakers in Singapore.
KW - Canoe
KW - Fluid replacement
KW - Gatorade
KW - Marathon
N1 - Source: Scopus
0&md5=8634029c23532835e8f455308553d397
ER -
TY - JOUR
T1 - Ingestion of hypertonic NaCl vs. palatable drinks by sodium-depleted rats
JF - Physiology and Behavior
VL - 75
IS - 4
SP - 443
EP - 448
PY - 2002///
AU - Nozaki, P.N.
AU - Pereira, D.T.B.
AU - Moura, F.V.
AU - Menani, J.V.
AU - De Luca Jr., L.A.
AD - Department of Physiology and Pathology, School of Dentistry, Paulista Stat
e University (FOAr-UNESP), 14801-903 Araraquara, Brazil
AB - This work investigated whether the preference for NaCl solution is shifted
to more palatable solutions in the adult male sodium-depleted rat (n=6-10 per g
roup). Animals had daily access to three bottles, one containing water, another
1.8% NaCl (300 mM), and a third containing 0.9% NaCl (150 mM), Gatorade (orange
- OG or grape flavored - GG), orange juice (sweetened or unsweetened, from conce
ntrate), or 10% sucrose (no sodium). Sodium content in Gatorade and orange juice
ranged from 7 to 14 mEq/l. Daily intakes were recorded for at least 5 days prio
r to sodium depletion. Then, the animals were depleted of sodium (diuretic plus
sodium-deficient diet and water for 24 h). Then, the other two bottles were retu
rned to the animals and the intakes were recorded for 120 min (sodium preference
test, SPT). Daily intake from the third bottle (except for unsweetened orange j
uice) at least doubled the daily 1.8% NaCl intake. The average 1.8% NaCl intake
(132 ml) in the SPT was higher than the intake of 10% sucrose (61 ml) or of any ot
her solution (less than 6 ml). The intakes of 1.8% NaCl and 0.9% NaCl (103 ml) we
re similar during the SPT. The animals also preferred 0.9% NaCl (271 ml) to OG (31
ml) in the absence of 1.8% NaCl in the SPT. Therefore, the preference for sodiu
m in sodium-depleted rats also applies when palatable and nutritive solutions ar
e simultaneously available. 2002 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.
KW - Dehydration
KW - Gatorade
KW - Isotonic drinks
KW - Orange juice
KW - Salt intake
KW - Sodium intake
KW - Taste
N1 - Source: Scopus
&md5=65753c1446b5f6f2d15e50fa09e3fa05
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Determination of periodontal ligament cell viability in the oral rehydrati
on fluid gatorade and milks of varying fat content
JO - Journal of Endodontics
VL - 23
IS - 11
SP - 687
EP - 690
PY - 1997/11//
T2 AU - Harkacz Sr., Orest M.
AU - Carnes Jr., David L.
AU - Walker III, William A.
SN - 0099-2399
AB - The purpose of this study was twofold: 1) to determine if the oral rehydra
tion fluid Gatorade could serve as a suitable temporary storage medium for maint
enance of periodontal ligament (PDL) cell viability on avulsed teeth and 2) to d
etermine if fat content is related to maintenance of cell viability when milk is
used as the temporary storage medium. PDL cells were cultured from extracted hu
man teeth then incubated over timed intervals from 15 to 210 min in the oral reh
ydration fluid Gatorade, milks of varing fat content, and saliva. Dulbeco's Modi
fied Eagles Medium served as the positive control while tap water served as the
negative control. Cell viability was determined using a colorimetric assay that
used Cell Proliferation Reagent WST-1. Results using Gatorade yielded cell viabi
lity data similar to the negative control, tap water, indicating that this oral
rehydration fluid was not suitable as a temporary storage medium for the avulsed
tooth. However, the fat content of milk was found to have an effect on cell via
bility, suggesting that milks with lower fat content may be more appropriate for
maintaining PDL cell viability than milks with higher fat content.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Pedialyte or Gatorade for viral gastroenteritis in adults: Controlled clin
ical trial
JO - Gastroenterology
VL - 124
IS - 4, Supplement 1
SP - A147
EP PY - 2003/4//
T2 - Digestive Disease Week and the 104th Annual Meeting of the American Gastro
enterological Association
AU - Rao, Satish
AU - Summers, Rw
AU - Gisolfi, C.
AU - Rao, Grs
AU - Ramana, S.
AU
AU
AU
AU
SN
DO
UR
ER
Devi, U.
Zimmerman, B.
Rotella, D.
Pratap, B.
0016-5085
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0016-5085(03)80727-8
TY - JOUR
T1 - OR 36 Determining PDL cell viability in Gatorade and milks of varying fat
content
JO - Journal of Endodontics
VL - 23
IS - 4
SP - 258
EP PY - 1997/4//
T2 AU - Harkacz, O.M.
AU - Carnes JR., D.L.
AU - Walker III, W.A.
SN - 0099-2399
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Acidic beverages increase the risk of in vitro tooth erosion
JO - Nutrition Research
VL - 28
IS - 5
SP - 299
EP - 303
PY - 2008/5//
T2 AU - Ehlen, Leslie A.
AU - Marshall, Teresa A.
AU - Qian, Fang
AU - Wefel, James S.
AU - Warren, John J.
SN - 0271-5317
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nutres.2008.03.001
KW - Beverages
KW - Erosion
KW - Tooth
KW - Enamel
KW - Root
KW - Human
KW - HSD, honestly significant difference
KW - KOH, potassium hydroxide
AB - Acidic beverages are thought to increase the potential for dental erosion.
We report pH and titratable acidities (ie, quantity of base required to bring a
solution to neutral pH) of beverages popular in the United States and lesion de
pths in enamel and root surfaces after beverage exposure, and we describe associ
ations among pH, titratable acidity, and both enamel and root erosive lesion dep
ths. The pH of 100% juices, regular sodas, diet sodas, and sports drinks upon op
ening and the titratable acidity both upon opening and after 60 minutes of stirr
ing were measured. Enamel and root surfaces of healthy permanent molars and prem
olars were exposed to individual beverages (4 enamel and 4 root surfaces per bev
erage) for 25 hours, and erosion was measured. Statistical analyses included 2-s
ample t tests, analyses of variance with post hoc Tukey studentized range test;
and Spearman rank correlation coefficients. All beverages were acidic; the titra
table acidity of energy drinks was greater than that of regular and diet sodas t
hat were greater than that of 100% juices and sports drinks (P < .05). Enamel
lesion depths after beverage exposures were greatest for Gatorade, followed by
those for Red Bull and Coke that were greater than those for Diet Coke and 100%
apple juice (P < .05). Root lesion depths were greatest for Gatorade, followe
d by Red Bull, Coke, 100% apple juice, and Diet Coke (P < .05). Lesion depths
were not associated with pH or titratable acidity. Beverages popular in the Uni
ted States can produce dental erosion.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluid replacement following dehydration reduces oxidative stress during re
covery
JO - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications
VL - 383
IS - 1
SP - 103
EP - 107
PY - 2009/5/22/
T2 AU - Paik, Il-Young
AU - Jeong, Myung-Hyun
AU - Jin, Hwa-Eun
AU - Kim, Young-Il
AU - Suh, Ah-Ram
AU - Cho, Su-Youn
AU - Roh, Hee-Tae
AU - Jin, Chan-Ho
AU - Suh, Sang-Hoon
SN - 0006-291X
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.135
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X09006214
KW - Dehydration
KW - Exercise performance
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - DNA damage
AB - To investigate the effects of hydration status on oxidative DNA damage and
exercise performance, 10 subjects ran on a treadmill until exhaustion at 80% VO
2max during four different trials [control (C), 3% dehydration (D), 3% dehydrati
on + water (W) or 3% dehydration + sports drink (S)]. Dehydration significantly
decreased exercise time to exhaustion (D < C and S). Plasma MDA levels were s
ignificantly higher at pre-exercise in D than C. Plasma TAS was significantly lo
wer at pre-exercise in C and S than in D, and was significantly lower in S than
D at 60 min of recovery. Dehydration significantly increased oxidative DNA damag
e during exercise, but fluid replacement with water or sports drink alleviated i
t equally. These results suggest that (1) dehydration impairs exercise performan
ce and increases DNA damage during exercise to exhaustion; and (2) fluid replace
ment prolongs exercise endurance and attenuates DNA damage.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - 381 Split-Dosed MiraLAX and Gatorade Is an Effective, Safe, and Tolerable Op
tion for Bowel Preparation in Low Risk Patients: Results of a Randomized Control
led Trial
JO
VL
IS
SP
EP
PY
T2
AU
AU
AU
AU
SN
DO
UR
ER
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
73
4, Supplement
AB125
2011/4//
DDW Abstract Issue 2011 Digestive Diease Week 2011
Samarasena, Jason B.
Farukhi, Mohammad U.
Muthusamy, V. Raman
Jamal, M. Mazen
0016-5107
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gie.2011.03.047
TY - JOUR
T1 - Carbohydrate intake during exercise and performance
JO - Nutrition
VL - 20
IS - 78
SP - 669
EP - 677
PY - 2004/7//
Y2 - 2004/8//
T2 AU - Jeukendrup, Asker E
SN - 0899-9007
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2004.04.017
KW - carbohydrate feeding
KW - exercise performance
KW - exogenous oxidation
KW - carbohydrate absorption
AB - It is generally accepted that carbohydrate (CHO) feeding during exercise c
an improve endurance capacity (time to exhaustion) and exercise performance duri
ng prolonged exercise (>2 h). More recently, studies have also shown ergogeni
c effects of CHO feeding during shorter exercise of high intensity (1 h at >75
% of maximum oxygen consumption). During prolonged exercise the mechanism behind
this performance improvement is likely to be related to maintenance of high rat
es of CHO oxidation and the prevention of hypoglycemia. Nevertheless, other mech
anisms may play a role, depending on the type of exercise and the specific condi
tions. The mechanism for performance improvements during higher-intensity exerci
se is less clear, but there is some evidence that CHO can have central effects.
In the past few years, studies have investigated ways to optimize CHO delivery a
nd bioavailability. An analysis of all studies available shows that a single CHO
ingested during exercise will be oxidized at rates up to about 1 g/min, even wh
en large amounts of CHO are ingested. Combinations of CHO that use different int
estinal transporters for absorption (e.g., glucose and fructose) have been shown
to result in higher oxidation rates, and this seems to be a way to increase exo
genous CHO oxidation rates by 20% to 50%. The search will continue for ways to f
urther improve CHO delivery and to improve the oxidation efficiency resulting in
less accumulation of CHO in the gastrointestinal tract and potentially decreasi
ng gastrointestinal problems during prolonged exercise.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Fluid replacement following dehydration reduces oxidative stress during re
covery
JO - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

VL - 383
IS - 1
SP - 103
EP - 107
PY - 2009/5/22/
T2 AU - Paik, Il-Young
AU - Jeong, Myung-Hyun
AU - Jin, Hwa-Eun
AU - Kim, Young-Il
AU - Suh, Ah-Ram
AU - Cho, Su-Youn
AU - Roh, Hee-Tae
AU - Jin, Chan-Ho
AU - Suh, Sang-Hoon
SN - 0006-291X
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbrc.2009.03.135
UR - http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0006291X09006214
KW - Dehydration
KW - Exercise performance
KW - Oxidative stress
KW - DNA damage
AB - To investigate the effects of hydration status on oxidative DNA damage and
exercise performance, 10 subjects ran on a treadmill until exhaustion at 80% VO
2max during four different trials [control (C), 3% dehydration (D), 3% dehydrati
on + water (W) or 3% dehydration + sports drink (S)]. Dehydration significantly
decreased exercise time to exhaustion (D < C and S). Plasma MDA levels were s
ignificantly higher at pre-exercise in D than C. Plasma TAS was significantly lo
wer at pre-exercise in C and S than in D, and was significantly lower in S than
D at 60 min of recovery. Dehydration significantly increased oxidative DNA damag
e during exercise, but fluid replacement with water or sports drink alleviated i
t equally. These results suggest that (1) dehydration impairs exercise performan
ce and increases DNA damage during exercise to exhaustion; and (2) fluid replace
ment prolongs exercise endurance and attenuates DNA damage.
ER TY
T1
he
JO
VL
IS
SP
EP
PY
T2
- JOUR
- Position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Canada, and t
American College of Sports Medicine: Nutrition and Athletic Performance
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association
- 109
- 3
- 509
- 527
- 2009/3//
-
SN - 0002-8223
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jada.2009.01.005
AB - It is the position of the American Dietetic Association, Dietitians of Can
ada, and the American College of Sports Medicine that physical activity, athleti
c performance, and recovery from exercise are enhanced by optimal nutrition. The
se organizations recommend appropriate selection of foods and fluids, timing of
intake, and supplement choices for optimal health and exercise performance. This
updated position paper couples a rigorous, systematic, evidence-based analysis
of nutrition and performance-specific literature with current scientific data re
lated to energy needs, assessment of body composition, strategies for weight cha
nge, nutrient and fluid needs, special nutrient needs during training and compet
ition, the use of supplements and ergogenic aids, nutrition recommendations for
vegetarian athletes, and the roles and responsibilities of sports dietitians. En
ergy and macronutrient needs, especially carbohydrate and protein, must be met d
uring times of high physical activity to maintain body weight, replenish glycoge
n stores, and provide adequate protein to build and repair tissue. Fat intake sh
ould be sufficient to provide the essential fatty acids and fat-soluble vitamins
, as well as contribute energy for weight maintenance. Although exercise perform
ance can be affected by body weight and composition, these physical measures sho
uld not be a criterion for sports performance and daily weigh-ins are discourage
d. Adequate food and fluid should be consumed before, during, and after exercise
to help maintain blood glucose concentration during exercise, maximize exercise
performance, and improve recovery time. Athletes should be well hydrated before
exercise and drink enough fluid during and after exercise to balance fluid loss
es. Sports beverages containing carbohydrates and electrolytes may be consumed b
efore, during, and after exercise to help maintain blood glucose concentration,
provide fuel for muscles, and decrease risk of dehydration and hyponatremia. Vit
amin and mineral supplements are not needed if adequate energy to maintain body
weight is consumed from a variety of foods. However, athletes who restrict energ
y intake, use severe weight-loss practices, eliminate one or more food groups fr
om their diet, or consume unbalanced diets with low micronutrient density, may r
equire supplements. Because regulations specific to nutritional ergogenic aids a
re poorly enforced, they should be used with caution, and only after careful pro
duct evaluation for safety, efficacy, potency, and legality. A qualified sports
dietitian and in particular in the United States, a Board Certified Specialist i
n Sports Dietetics, should provide individualized nutrition direction and advice
subsequent to a comprehensive nutrition assessment.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy Beverages: Content and Safety
JO - Mayo Clinic Proceedings
VL - 85
IS - 11
SP - 1033
EP - 1041
PY - 2010/11//
T2 AU - Higgins, John P.
AU - Tuttle, Troy D.
AU - Higgins, Christopher L.
SN - 0025-6196
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/mcp.2010.0381
AB - Exercise is making a resurgence in many countries, given its benefits for
fitness as well as prevention of obesity. This trend has spawned many supplement
s that purport to aid performance, muscle growth, and recovery. Initially, sport
s drinks were developed to provide electrolyte and carbohydrate replacement. Sub
sequently, energy beverages (EBs) containing stimulants and additives have appea
red in most gyms and grocery stores and are being used increasingly by weekend wa
rriors and those seeking an edge in an endurance event. Long-term exposure to the
various components of EBs may result in significant alterations in the cardiova
scular system, and the safety of EBs has not been fully established. For this re
view, we searched the MEDLINE and EMBASE databases from 1976 through May 2010, u
sing the following keywords: energy beverage, energy drink, power drink, exercis
e, caffeine, red bull, bitter orange, glucose, ginseng, guarana, and taurine. Ev
idence regarding the effects of EBs is summarized, and practical recommendations
are made to help in answering the patient who asks, Is it safe for me to drink a
n energy beverage when I exercise?
ER -
TY - JOUR
T1 - Nutritional concerns for the child and adolescent competitor
JO - Nutrition
VL - 20
IS - 78
SP - 620
EP - 631
PY - 2004/7//
Y2 - 2004/8//
T2 AU - Petrie, Heather J
AU - Stover, Elizabeth A
AU - Horswill, Craig A
SN - 0899-9007
KW - creatine monohydrate
KW - strength training
KW - nutritional supplementation
KW - ergogenic aid
KW - phosphocreatine
AB - With exercise for sports competition in children and adolescents, acute nu
trient needs will change. Fluid intake to ensure the replacement of water and mi
nerals (electrolytes) lost in sweat is important. Energy needs also increase bec
ause of the elevated energy expenditure with physical activity. Arguably carbohy
drate is the recommended source of training needs, although research has yet to
be done to show performance benefits in young athletes on a high-carbohydrate di
et. In the majority of sports, an increased intake of food naturally occurs to a
ccommodate the day-to-day nutrient needs of young athletes, and unlike non-athle
te, young competitors typically come closer to meeting their requirements for mi
cronutrients. Nonetheless, certain athletic groups may be at risk for shortfalls
in their diet. Compared to athletes in team sports, participants in weight-cont
rol sports may be at greater risk of failing to meet requirements for energy, pr
otein, and some micronutrients. Endurance athletes, particularly female distance
runners, may have intake deficits for the minerals iron and calcium. Acute issu
es such as heat illness and chronic concerns that include impaired growth and de
velopment, and the risk of injuries that include stress fractures may be an outc
ome of inadequate nutrition during physical training.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Functional drinks for athletes
JO - Trends in Food Science & Technology
VL - 8
IS - 12
SP - 414
EP - 421
PY - 1997/12//
T2 AU - Brouns, F.
AU - Kovacs, E.
SN - 0924-2244
AB - Over the past few decades, numerous studies have been carried out to estab
lish the optimal composition of drinks that are designed to rehydrate the body r
apidly. These studies have led to the insight that drinks should contain carbohy
drate (CHO) and sodium to stimulate fluid absorption and fluid retention. Howeve
r, the CHO content as well as the osmolality of the drink should be relatively l
ow. According to these findings, the composition criteria for rehydration drinks
have quite a narrow range. Drinks that are designed to supply energy or substan
ces that stimulate energy metabolism differ considerably in their composition. T
his review highlights the most relevant aspects.
ER TY - JOUR
T1 - Energy-drink consumption in college students and associated factors
JO - Nutrition
VL - 27
IS - 3
SP - 316
EP - 322
PY - 2011/3//
T2 AU - Attila, Sema
AU - akir, Banu
SN - 0899-9007
KW - Energy drinks
KW - Young adults
KW - College students
AB - Objective
To investigate the frequency of energy-drink consumption and associated factors
in a group of college students.
Methods
A cross-sectional study was conducted in Hacettepe University (Ankara, Turkey) a
nd included 439 students pursuing a career in medicine, sports, and arts. Only f
ourth-year students were approached. Data were collected using a self-administer
ed standard questionnaire.
Results
In bivariate analyses, frequency of energy-drink consumption was higher in stude
nts of arts and sports and in those who did not have breakfast on a regular basi
s, ever smoked cigarettes, drank alcoholic beverages, and regularly engaged in s
ports compared with their counterparts. Many students who had ever tried an energy
drink did so the first time because they wondered about its taste. Of regular u
sers of energy drinks, reasons for using such drinks varied across the three sel
ected groups of students and included obtaining getting energy, staying awake, b
oosting performance while doing sports, or mixing with alcoholic beverages. Abou
t 40% of all current users of energy drinks reported that they mixed those with
alcoholic beverages. In multivariate analyses, statistically significant predict
ors of energy-drink consumption were faculty type, presence of any health insura
nce, use of alcoholic beverages, and monthly income, controlling for gender. Mos
t students could not correctly define the ingredients of energy drinks or their
potential hazardous health effects, and they could not distinguish energy and sp
orts drinks when they were requested to select them from a list of commercial na
mes of various drinks.
Conclusion
Consumption of energy drinks, despite the variation in the reason for choosing s
uch drinks, is quite common in college students. Awareness of university student
s of the ingredients and potential health hazards of energy drinks, in particula
r in mixing with alcoholic beverages, should be increased.
ER TY
T1
JO
VL
IS
JOUR
Environmental Illness in Athletes
Clinics in Sports Medicine
24
3
SP
EP
PY
T2
AU
AU
AU
SN
DO
UR
ER
695
718
2005/7//
Training Room Management of Medical Conditions
Seto, Craig K.
Way, Denise
O'Connor, Nina
0278-5919
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.csm.2005.03.002
TY - JOUR
T1 - Impact of beverage acceptability on fluid intake during exercise
JO - Appetite
VL - 35
IS - 3
SP - 219
EP - 229
PY - 2000/12//
T2 AU - Passe, D.H.
AU - Horn, M.
AU - Murray, R.
SN - 0195-6663
DO - http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/appe.2000.0352
AB - These two studies investigated the impact of beverage acceptability on vol
untary fluid intake during exercise and the subsequent impact of exercise on the
perception and liking of beverages. In Experiment 1, 49 triathletes and runners
first tasted an array of 10 commercially available flavors of a 6% carbohydrate
-electrolyte drink (CE) and water (W) to determine the most-acceptable flavor (M
) and least-acceptable flavor (L) for each subject. Subjects were subsequently g
iven M, L, or W ad libitum during 180 min of exercise. Drink acceptability was a
gain measured after 90 and 180 min of exercise. Drink intake was measured at 15min intervals. Intake of M was significantly greater than L and W throughout the
first 75 min and significantly greater than W throughout the entire exercise pe
riod. In Experiment 2, subjects were given M+W, or L+W, in a two-bottle procedur
e. Voluntary intake of M and L exceeded W by 318% and 233%, respectively. An une
xpected finding was a strong interaction between drink acceptability and exercis
e state. The acceptability of L increased substantially from sedentary to exerci
se conditions. These data demonstrated that the flavored, sweetened beverages us
ed in this study, substantially increased voluntary fluid intake over W.
ER TY
T1
JO
VL
IS
SP
EP
PY
Y2
T2
AU
AU
SN
DO
UR
JOUR
Powering Up With Sports and Energy Drinks
Journal of Pediatric Health Care
21
6
413
416
2007/11//
2007/12//
Meadows-Oliver, Mikki
Ryan-Krause, Patricia
0891-5245
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pedhc.2007.08.005
ER -

Articulos Cientificos Bebidas Hidratantes

Загружено:

Сведения о документе

Авторское право

Доступные форматы

Поделиться этим документом

Поделиться или встроить документ

Параметры публикации

Этот документ был вам полезен?

Это неприемлемый материал?

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

Articulos Cientificos Bebidas Hidratantes

Загружено:

Авторское право:

Доступные форматы

TY - JOUR

T1 - Carbohydrate-electrolyte rehydration protects against intravascular volume

JO - Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications

Вам также может понравиться