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2010 rosy princess

What is INTERNET?

DEFINITION:

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is
a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business,
and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of
electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast array
of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents
of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.

Most traditional communications media, such as telephone and television services, are
reshaped or redefined using the technologies of the Internet, giving rise to services such
as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and IPTV. Newspaper publishing has been
reshaped into Web sites, blogging, and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated
the creation of new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet
forums, and social networking sites.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded
research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed
computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new
U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in
the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an
international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of
countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an
estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.

The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or


policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the
overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet
Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer
organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The

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technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) is an
activity of the Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a non-profit organization of
loosely-affiliated international participants that anyone may associate with by
contributing technical expertise.

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much
distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same.
The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software
infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers. In contrast, the Web is one
of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected
documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The term the Internet,
when referring to the Internet, has traditionally been treated as a proper noun and written
with an initial capital letter. There is a trend to regard it as a generic term or common
noun and thus write it as "the internet", without the capital.

Visualization of the various routes through a portion of the Internet

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......

What is INTERNET?

DEFINITION:

The Internet is a global system of interconnected computer networks that use the
standard Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) to serve billions of users worldwide. It is
a network of networks that consists of millions of private and public, academic, business,
and government networks of local to global scope that are linked by a broad array of
electronic and optical networking technologies. The Internet carries a vast array
of information resources and services, most notably the inter-linked hypertext documents
of the World Wide Web (WWW) and the infrastructure to support electronic mail.

Most traditional communications media, such as telephone and television services, are
reshaped or redefined using the technologies of the Internet, giving rise to services such
as Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and IPTV. Newspaper publishing has been
reshaped into Web sites, blogging, and web feeds. The Internet has enabled or accelerated
the creation of new forms of human interactions through instant messaging, Internet
forums, and social networking sites.
The origins of the Internet reach back to the 1960s when the United States funded
research projects of its military agencies to build robust, fault-tolerant and distributed
computer networks. This research and a period of civilian funding of a new
U.S. backbone by the National Science Foundation spawned worldwide participation in
the development of new networking technologies and led to the commercialization of an
international network in the mid 1990s, and resulted in the following popularization of
countless applications in virtually every aspect of modern human life. As of 2009, an
estimated quarter of Earth's population uses the services of the Internet.

The Internet has no centralized governance in either technological implementation or


policies for access and usage; each constituent network sets its own standards. Only the

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overreaching definitions of the two principal name spaces in the Internet, the Internet
Protocol address space and the Domain Name System, are directed by a maintainer
organization, the Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN). The
technical underpinning and standardization of the core protocols (IPv4 and IPv6) is an
activity of the Internet Engineering Task ForceInternet Engineering Task Force (IETF), a
non-profit organization of loosely-affiliated international participants that anyone may
associate with by contributing technical expertise.

The terms Internet and World Wide Web are often used in everyday speech without much
distinction. However, the Internet and the World Wide Web are not one and the same.
The Internet is a global data communications system. It is a hardware and software
infrastructure that provides connectivity between computers. In contrast, the Web is one
of the services communicated via the Internet. It is a collection of interconnected
documents and other resources, linked by hyperlinks and URLs. The term the Internet,
when referring to the Internet, has traditionally been treated as a proper noun and written
with an initial capital letter. There is a trend to regard it as a generic term or common
noun and thus write it as "the internet", without the capital.

Visualization of the various routes through a portion of the Internet

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What is INTRANET?

DEFINITION:
An intranet is a private computer network that uses Internet Protocol technologies to
securely share any part of an organization's information or operational systems within
that organization. The term is used in contrast to internet, a network between
organizations, and instead refers to a network within an organization. Sometimes the term
refers only to the organization's internal website, but may be a more extensive part of the
organization's information technology infrastructure. It may host multiple private
websites and constitute an important component and focal point of internal
communication and collaboration.

CHARACTERISTIC:

An intranet is built from the same concepts and technologies used for the Internet, such
as client-server computing and the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP). Any of the well
known Internet protocols may be found in an intranet, such as HTTP (web
services), SMTP (e-mail), and FTP (file transfer). Internet technologies are often
deployed to provide modern interfaces to legacy information systems hosting corporate
data.

An intranet can be understood as a private analog of the Internet, or as a private extension


of the Internet confined to an organization. The first intranet websites and home pages
began to appear in organizations in 1990-1991. Although not officially noted, the term
intranet first became common-place among early adopters, such as universities and
technology corporations, in 1992.[dubious – discuss]

Intranets are also contrasted with extranets. While intranets are generally restricted to
employees of the organization, extranets may also be accessed by customers, suppliers, or

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other approved parties.[1] Extranets extend a private network onto the Internet with
special provisions for access, authorization, and authentication (AAA protocol).
Intranets may provide a gateway to the Internet by means of a network gateway with a firewall,
shielding the intranet from unauthorized external access. The gateway often also implements
user authentication,encryption of messages, and often virtual private network (VPN)
connectivity

............

The using software is free version, you can upgrade it to the


upgrade version.http://www.allofficetool.com for off-site employees to
access company information, computing resources and internal communications.

USES:
Increasingly, intranets are being used to deliver tools and applications, e.g., collaboration
(to facilitate working in groups and teleconferencing) or sophisticated corporate
directories, sales and customer relationship management tools, project management etc.,
to advance productivity.

Intranets are also being used as corporate culture-change platforms. For example, large
numbers of employees discussing key issues in an intranet forum application could lead
to new ideas in management, productivity, quality, and other corporate issues.

In large intranets, website traffic is often similar to public website traffic and can be
better understood by using web metrics software to track overall activity. User surveys
also improve intranet website effectiveness. Larger businesses allow users within their
intranet to access public internet through firewall servers. They have the ability to screen
messages coming and going keeping security intact.
When part of an intranet is made accessible to customers and others outside the business,
that part becomes part of an extranet. Businesses can send private messages through the
public network, using special encryption/decryption and other security safeguards to
connect one part of their intranet to another.

Intranet user-experience, editorial, and technology teams work together to produce in-
house sites. Most commonly, intranets are managed by the

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communications, HR or CIO departments of large organizations, or some combination of


these.

What is EXTRANET?

DEFINITION:
An extranet is a private network that uses Internet protocols, network connectivity. An
extranet can be viewed as part of a company's intranet that is extended to users outside
the company, usually via the Internet. It has also been described as a "state of mind" in
which the Internet is perceived as a way to do business with a selected set of other
companies (business-to-business, B2B), in isolation from all other Internet users. In
contrast, business-to-consumer (B2C) models involve known servers of one or more
companies, communicating with previously unknown consumer users.

RELATIONSHIP OF INTRANET & EXTRANET:

In extranet can be understood as an intranet mapped onto the public Internet or some
other transmission system not accessible to the general public, but managed by more than
one company's administrator(s). For example, military networks of different security
levels may map onto a common military radio transmission system that never connects to
the Internet. Any private network mapped onto a public one is a virtual private
network (VPN), often using special security protocols.

For decades, institutions have been interconnecting to each other to create private
networks for sharing information. One of the differences that characterizes an extranet,

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however, is that its interconnections are over a shared network rather than through
dedicated physical lines. With respect to Internet Protocol networks, RFC 4364 states "If
all the sites in a VPN are owned by the same enterprise, the VPN is a corporate intranet.
If the various sites in a VPN are owned by different enterprises, the VPN is an extranet. A
site can be in more than one VPN; e.g., in an intranet and several extranets. We regard
both intranets and extranets as VPNs. In general, when we use the term VPN we will not
be distinguishing between intranets and extranets. Even if this argument is valid, the term
"extranet" is still applied and can be used to eliminate the use of the above
description."[1]
In the quote above from RFC 4364, the term "site" refers to a distinct networked
environment. Two sites connected to each other across the public Internet backbone
comprise a VPN. The term "site" does not mean "website." Thus, a small company in a
single building can have an "intranet," but to have a VPN, they would need to provide
tunneled access to that network for geographically distributed employees.

Similarly, for smaller, geographically united organizations, "extranet" is a useful term to


describe selective access to intranet systems granted to suppliers, customers, or other
companies. Such access does not involve tunneling, but rather simply an authentication
mechanism to a web server. In this sense, an "extranet" designates the "private part" of
a website, where "registered users" can navigate, enabled by authentication
mechanisms on a "login page".

An extranet requires network security. These can include firewalls, server management,
the issuance and use of digital certificates or similar means of
user authentication, encryption of messages, and the use of virtual private
networks (VPNs) that tunnel through the public network.
Many technical specifications describe methods of implementing extranets, but often
never explicitly define an extranet. RFC 3547 [1] presents requirements for remote access
to extranets. RFC 2709 [2]discusses extranet implementation using IPsec and
advanced network address translation (NAT).

ADVANTAGES:

§ Exchange large volumes of data using Electronic Data Interchange (EDI)


§ Share product catalogs exclusively with trade partners
§ Collaborate with other companies on joint development efforts

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§ Jointly develop and use training programs with other companies


§ Provide or access services provided by one company to a group of other
companies, such as an online banking application managed by one company on behalf
of affiliated banks
§ Share news of common interest exclusively

DISADVANTAGES:

§ Extranets can be expensive to implement and maintain within an organization


(e.g., hardware, software, employee training costs), if hosted internally rather than by
an application service provider.
§ Security of extranets can be a concern when hosting valuable or proprietary
information.

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