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Latin
Elementary
Scott
Fletcher
Harry
'
SCHOOL OF EDUCATION
LIBRARY
PAS DE L'ECLU&E
Pass by which the Helvetians left their country.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
AN INTRODUCTORY COURSE
BY
NEW YORK
597652
Copyright 1915
BY
PREFACE
In the preparation of these lessons, the author has kept
in view the necessity for simplicity of statement and for
the avoidance of unnecessary details. The purpose has been
to furnish drill on the forms and constructions of most
frequent occurrence, leaving the more difficult syntactical
relations and the forms less frequently employed for a later
point in the course. A few topics included in the lessons
near the end of the book have been given place in order to
meet the needs of teachers who prefer a more complete
presentation of Latin grammar in the first year. These
topics may, however, be omitted and the work of the lessons
made to consist of the translation exercises and drill on the
essential constructions and forms previously given.
Instead of the usual arrangement of lessons which must
be divided into two or three assignments, the plan has been
adopted of providing short lessons which can usually be
covered in single recitations. Naturally, no such plan can be
made to correspond absolutely to the needs of every class,
and occasionally a teacher may find it necessary to omit or to
leave for later review, part of the exercises of a lesson. But
the presentation of forms and syntax in small units will, it is
hoped, tend to prevent confusion in the mind of the pupil and
to aid the teacher in planning the work of the class.
The number of new words in each lesson has been kept
as nearly uniform as possible and review lessons have been
provided for special drill on vocabulary. These review les
sons, however, with the exception of the first and second,
are not an essential part of the plan of the book and may
be omitted by teachers who prefer to arrange reviews in a
different way. In connection with these lessons, lists of
vi
PREFACE
PREFACE
vii
CONTENTS
PAGE
xv
4
6
8
10
13
16
17
19
22
24
26
ix
CONTENTS
PAGE
43
44
47
49
51
54
57
58
60
63
65
67
69
80
70
72
74
76
77
81
83
87
90
92
CONTENTS
XI
PAGE
95
120
121
12o
127
133
129
131
135
137
139
141
143
CONTENTS
Xll
PAGE
Lesson
Conjugation of possum
Personal Pronouns. The Objective Genitive .
Reflexive Pronoun. Enclitic Use of cum . .
Infinitive of the Four Conjugations, Com
plete
LXV. The Infinitive with Subject Accusative. The In
finitives of sum and eo
Thirteenth
LXVI.
LXVII.
LXVIII.
LXIX.
157
159
161
163
165
167
Review Lesson
The Present Imperative
The Conjugation of fero
Synopsis of possum and fero
Deponent Verbs of the First and Second Conju
gations
-...
LXX. Deponent Verbs of the Third and Fourth Conju
gations. The Ablative with fitor, Etc. . . .
170
170
173
175
183
177
180
184
187
189
192
194
CONTENTS
xiii
PAGE
199
202
204
207
209
220
232
210
212
214
216
219
221
224
226
228
230
233
235
237
240
243
xiv
CONTENTS
PAGE
258
259
Notes to Eutropius
269
277
279
Appendix
281
Vocabulary
313
Index
346
Frontispiece
Map Showing Modern Influence of Latin
Roman Children at Play
xix
7
12
15
20
28
30
39
40
45
48
50
53
62
75
77
86
89
99
109
116
122
123
124
. 128
130
138
145
146
150
160
xv
xvi
ILLUSTRATIONS
PAGE
169
Roman Coin
Street of Pompeii
175
186
Roman Mosaic
Roman Seal Rings
191
201
Roman Helmets
Caesar 's Triumph
203
206
218
. 223
Circus Maximus
View of Modern Rome from the Capitoline Hill
239
241
246
252
xviii
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
XIX
xx
ELEMENTARY LATIN
INTRODUCTORY LESSON
THE ALPHABET
in
in
in
in
in
"father"
"fade"
"machine"
"holy"
"rude"
aa
e=e
i=i
o= o
u=
in
in
in
in
in
"comma'
"net"
"this"
"domain'
"full"
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LENGTH OF SYLLABLES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON I
NOUN INFLECTION:
ELEMENTARY LATIN
POSITION OF THE VERB
VOCABULARY
femina, woman
filia, daughter
puella, girl
rosa, rose
amat, loves
dat, gives
laudat, praises
vocat, calls
EXERCISES
16.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
17.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(1) Divide the words of the vocabulary into syllables and indicate
the accent of each word. (2) Give the genitive and the accusative
of each noun in the vocabulary. (3) In the following sentences point
out the subjects: (a) The boy has a gun. (b) We missed the first
train, (e) You did not see us yesterday, (d) The engine of the
aeroplane is small, (e) The boy's gun is not loaded, (f) The friends
of this girl sent presents.
(4) In the sentences of (3) point out
the objects, and also the words or phrases which express possession.
(5) Name the case in which each noun or pronoun in these sentences
would stand if translated into Latin.
1 The forms of the verb meaning to be, when equivalent to the English
there Is, or there are, usually stand first in the clause.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON II
ADJECTIVES:
VOCABULARY
benigna, kind
bona, good
magna, large
pulchra, beautiful
insula, island
statua, statue
est; is
et, and
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
23.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
24.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
The
The
The
The
The
woman is kind.
rose is beautiful.
woman's daughter is a good girl.
girl gives a beautiful rose.
woman praises the large statue.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Name the case of each noun in the sentences of 23 and tell
why each noun stands in the case in which it appears. (2) Point out
the predicate adjectives in the sentences of 23 and 24. (3) Point
out the predicate nouns and the objects in the following sentences and
state what the case of each would be in Latin: (a) The man was a
stranger, (b) I have had no dinner, (c) You have been the leader,
(d) This boy will never be a good player, (e) We saw your friend
yesterday.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON III
INDIRECT OBJECT: DATIVE WITH ADJECTIVES:
OF GENITIVE AND DATIVE
POSITION
ELEMENTARY LATIN
laudat, praises.
laudant, praise.
VOCABULARY
agricola, farmer
amicitia, friendship
aqua, water
nauta, sailor
grata, pleasing
tua, your, yours
tibi, to you (dative)
portat, carries
EXERCISES
31.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
32.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
(1) Give the dative and the accusative forms of the nouns in the
vocabulary above. (2) Give the third person plural of the verbs in
the vocabulary of Lesson I. (3) Name the case which may be used
after adjectives meaning friendly, unfriendly, pleasing, opposed, in
jurious. (4)Point out the indirect objects and also the direct objects in
the following sentences: (a) They told us the reason for this, (b) No
one gave the tramp money. (c) Who gave your brother this knife?
(d) He said this to his father.
10
ELKMENTARY LATIN
LESSON IV
THE ABLATIVE:
THE VOCATIVE:
silva.
silva.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
11
36. The nouns which have been given thus far belong to
what is called the First Declension. They are declined in
full through the singular and plural according to the follow
ing model:1
rosa, rose
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
rosa,
rosae,
rosae,
rosam,
rosa,
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
rosae,
rosarum,
rosls,
rosas,
rosls,
Terminations
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-a
-ae
-arum
-is
-as
-is
Plural
12
ELEMENTARY LATIN
30.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Give the ease terminations of the first declension in the singu
lar and plural. (2) Decline the nouns in the vocabularies of this
lesson and of the preceding lesson. (3) Name the case of each noun
in 40. (4) Point out the subjects of the sentences in 41. (5) Point
out a direct object in 41.
1 Before vowels and h, ex Is used, before most consonants, e.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
13
LESSON V
PRESENT INDICATIVE: AGREEMENT OF VERB:
THE INFINITIVE: FIRST CONJUGATION
THE THREE FORMS OF THE ENGLISH VERB
42. The English verb has three forms for the present
tense ; walks, does walk, and is walking are all present. In
Latin, there is only one form for this tense. The form
ambulat is translated walks, or is walking, or does walk, as
the sense requires. Non ambulat is translated does not walk,
or is not walking. Ubi puella habitat is translated Where
does the girl live? or Where is the girl living?
PERSONAL ENDINGS OF THE VERB
14
ELEMENTARY LATIN
f
1. porto,
2. portas,
3. portat,
Personal Endings
-mus (we)
-tis (you)
-nt (they^
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
15
EXERCISES
(1) Give the personal endings of the verb, and the English pronoun
for which each stands. (2) Translate laudo in three different ways.
(3) Give the infinitives of the verbs in the vocabularies of Lessons
I, III, and IV, with the meaning of each. (4) Divide the words
Britannia and Hibernia into syllables and indicate the accent. (5)
Form two English sentences, each of which contains a direct and an
indirect object. (6) Tell what would be the case of these objects in
Latin. (7) Form two English sentences containing predicate nouns
and tell what would be the case of these nouns in Latin.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
16
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-a
Plural
-ae
-arum
-is
-as
-is
Singular
1.
2.
3.
-d or -m2 (7)
-s (you)
-t (he, she, it)
Plural
-mus (we)
-tis (you)
-nt (they)
ELEMENTARY LATIN
17
LESSON VI
GENDER OF NOUNS: SECOND DECLENSION, -UM NOUNS:
AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES
GENDER
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
templum,
templi,
templS,
templum,
templo,
a temple
of a temple
to or for a temple
a temple
from, in, with a temple
Terminations
-um
-i
-d
-um
-d
Plural
Num.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
templa,
templorum,
templis,
templa,
templis,
temples
of temples
to or for temples
temples
from, in, with temples
-a
-drum
-is
-a
-is
18
ELEMENTARY LATIN
AGREEMENT OF ADJECTIVES
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Decline the nouns oppidum, saxum, and donum. (2) Conjugate
the verbs in the vocabulary of this lesson, in the present tense. (3)
Decline together saxum magnum. (4) Decline together silva magna.
(5) Point out the adjectives in 57 and give the reason for their forms.
(6) Point out an indirect object in 58. (7) Give the case termina
tions of templum.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
19
LESSON VII
SECOND DECLENSION, -US AND -IR NOUNS: VOCATIVE
FORMS: APPOSITION: POSITION OF ADVERBS
NOUNS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION IN -US AND -IR
Singular
Singular
Terminations
Nom.
Gen.
Acc.
Abl.
Voc.
amlcus, a friend
-us
amlcl, of a friend, etc. -i
amlco
-d
anucum
-um
amlco
-d
amlce
-e
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Acc.
Abl.
amld
amlcorum
amlcls
amlcos
amlcls
DAT.
Plural
Terminations
vir, man
virl, of a man
viro
virum
viro
-i
-0
-um
-d
Plural
-i
-orum
-Is
-OS
-Is
virl
virorum
virls
viros
virls
-i
-6rum
-is
-ds
-is
20
ELEMENTARY LATIN
APPOSITION
THE APPIAX
WAY
IN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
64.
21
VOCABULARY
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
22
LESSON VIII
SECOND DECLENSION, -ER NOUNS: PRESENT INDICATIVE
OF SUM: THE EXPLETIVE "THERE"
NOUNS OF THE SECOND DECLENSION IN -ER
67.
SlNGULAR
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
68.
SlNGULAR
Plural
Nom. ager
puerl
agrl
Gen. agrl
puerorum
agrorum
Dat. agro
agrls
puerls
pueros
Ace. agrum
agros
puerls
Abl. agro
agrls
terminations of the second declension are :
puer
puerl
puero
puerum
puero
The case
Singular
Muse.
Plural
Xeut.
JittSC.
yeut.
-us, -er, ir
-um
Nom -i
-a
-drum
-i
-I
Gen. -drum
-d
Dat. -is
-is
-d
-OS
Ace.
-um
-a
-um
-is
-is
-d
Abl.
-d
(Vocative singular, -e in nouns ending in -us)
69. The genitive printed after a word in the vocabulary
will show whether or not the e of the nominative appears in
the other cases.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
1. sum. / am
2. es,
you are
3. est,
he, she, it is
a. The present infinitive is
Plural
1. sumus,
2. estis,
3. sunt,
esse, to be.
we are
you are
they are
ELEMENTARY LATIN
23
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
24
LESSON IX
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSION ADJECTIVES: IRREGULAR
GENITIVE AND VOCATIVE FORMS
ADJECTIVES OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Voc.
bonus
bonl
bono
bonum
bono
bone
Singular
Fern.
bona
bonae
bonae
bonam
bona
bona
Scut.
bonum
bonl
bono
bonum
bono
bonum
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
bonl
bonorum
bonls
bonos
bonls
bonae
bonarum
bonls
bonas
bonls
bona
bonorum
bonls
bona
bonls
ELEMENTARY LATIN
25
VOCABULARY
(1) Decline together vir benignus. (2) Decline together ager latus.
(.'{) Give the genitive singular and the accusative plural of the phrase
auxilium magnum. (4) Decline together filius bonus. (5) Give the
nominative plural of longus in the three genders. (6) Decline to
gether the words meaning many hooks.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
26
LESSON X
FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSION ADJECTIVES (Continued):
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
ADJECTIVES IN -BR OF THE FIRST AND SECOND DECLENSIONS
Masc.
Singular
Fern.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
miser
miseri
misero
miserum
misero
misera
miserae
miserae
miseram
misera
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
miserl
miserorum
miserls
miseros
miserls
miserae
miserarum
miserls
miseras
miserls
Keut.
miserum
miseri
misero
miserum
misero
Plural
misera
miserorum
miserls
misera
miserls
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
pulcher
pulchrl
pulchro
pulchrum
pulchro
pulehra
pulehrae
pulchrae
pulchram
pulehra
pulchrum
pulchri
pulchro
pulchrum
pulchro
ELEMENTARY LATIN
27
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
pulchrl
pulchrorum
pulchrls
pulchros
pulchrls
pulchrae
pulchrarum
pulchrls
pulchras
pulchris
pulehra
pulchrorum
pulchrls
pulehra
pulchris
82. The adjective does not always have the same ending
as the noun with which it agrees.
The use of adjectives with masculine nouns of the first
declension is as follows :
nauta bonus, the good sailor.
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Voc.
nauta bonus
nautae bonl
nautae bono
nautam bonum
nauta bono
nauta bone
Plural
nautae boril
nautarum bonorum
nautls bonls
nautas bonos
nautls bonls
nautae bonl
POSSESSIVE ADJECTIVES
28
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
84.
auxilium, auxili, n., aid. help, miser, misera, miserum, unassistance
happy, unfortunate
equus, -i, m., horse
noster, nostra, nostrum, our,
impiger, impigra, impigrum,
ours
energetic, industrious
piger, pigra, pigrum, lazy
liber, libera, liberum, free
postulo, -are, demand
EXERCISES
(1) Decline together nauta miser. (2) Give the genitive singular
and the vocative singular of the phrase meaning my son. (3) De
cline together servus piger. (4) Decline noster in full. (5) Give all
the endings of the second declension in the nominative singular.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
29
VOCABULARY REVIEW
ager, agrl, m.
agricola, -ae, m.
amlcitia, -ae, f.
amicus, -l, m.
aqua, -ae, f.
auxilium, -l, n.
benefieium, -l, n.
donum, -l, n.
equus, -I, m.
femina, -ae, f.
fllia, -ae, f.
filius, -1, m.
liber, librl, m.
murus, -I, m.
nauta, -ae, m.
oculus, -1, M.
oppidum, -l, n.
patria, -ae, f.
perlculum, -l, n.
porta, -ae, f.
puella, -ae, f.
puer, puerl, m.
88.
saxum, -I, x.
servus, -I, m.
silva, -ae, f.
telum, -l, n.
templum, -l, n.
via, -ae, f.
vir, virl, m.
benignus, -a, -um
bonus, -a, -um
gratus, -a, -um
latus, -a, -um
liber, llbera, liberum
magnus, -a, -um
meus, mea, meum
miser, misera, miserum
multus, -a, -um
noster, nostra, nostrum
piger, pigra, pigrum
pulcher, -chra, -chrum
tuus, tua, tuum
accuso, -are
amo, -are
do, dare1
erro, -are
habitS, -are
laboro, -are
porto, -are
postulo, -are
stS, stftre
sum, esse
vlto, -are
voco, -are
cur
non
numquam
nunc
saepe
cum
c, ex
in
et
quod
sed
ubi
accusation
agriculture
amicable
auxiliary
beneficial
donation
equine
error
filial
laborious
liberty
library
miserable
multiply
mural
oculist
peril
puerile
servant
temple
station
1 The verb do is irregular in that the a is short in the infinitive (45, a) and
in almost all the other forms except the second person singular, das.
30
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
31
LESSON XI
DEMONSTRATIVES:
DECLENSION OF HIC:
DEMONSTRATIVES
POSITION OF
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Plural
Masc.
Fern.
Keut.
Masc.
hie
huius
huic
hune
hoc
haec
huius
huic
hanc
hac
hoc
huius
huic
hoc
hoc
hi
horum
hls
hos
hls
Fern.
hae
harum
his
has
his
Keut.
haec
horum
hls
haec
hls
32
93.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline together hie ager. (2) Decline together haec silva.
(3) Decline together the words meaning this sailor. (4) In the fol
lowing sentences state which occurrences of your will be translated by
a form of tuus, and which by a form of vester: (a) Soldiers, your
courage has saved us. (b) Mary, where are your books? (c) Your
cap has fallen on the ground, (d) Gentlemen, we need your help.
(e) Your hand is small.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
33
LESSON XII
FIRST CONJUGATION, PRESENT INDICATIVE PASSIVE:
ABLATIVE OF AGENT
THE PASSIVE VOICE
portor, I am carried
portaris or portare, you are carried
portatur, he, she, it is carried
-r(-or)
-ris (-re)
-tur
Plural
-mur
-mini
-ntur
34
99.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMKNTARY LATIN
35
LESSON XIII
ILLE AND IPSE: ABLATIVE OF ACCOMPANIMENT
DECLENSION OF ILLE
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Aco.
AbIj.
Masc.
Singular
Fern.
Neut.
Masc.
ille
illlus
illl
illum
illo
illa
illlus
illl
illam
illa
illl
illorum
illls
illos
illls
illud
illlus
illl
illud
illo
Plural
Fern.
Neut.
illae
illarum
illls
illas
illls
illa
illorum
illls
illa
illls
DECLENSION OF IPSE
Masc.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Fern.
ipse
ipsa
ipslus ipslus
ipsl
ipsl
ipsum ipsam
ipso
ipsa
Plural
Neut.
Neut.
Masc.
Fern.
ipsum
ipslus
ipsl
ipsum
ipso
ipsl
ipsorum
ipsls
ipsos
ipsls
ipsae
ipsarum
ipsls
ipsas
ipsis
ipsa
ipsorum
ipsls
ipsa
ipsis
104. The use of the ablative with cum to name the person
with whom one is associated in doing an act is called the
Ablative of Accompaniment.
Cum amico ambulo, I walk with a friend.
36
ELEMENTARY LATIN
105.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
106. 1. Ille puer piger est, hie vir impiger est. 2. Illud
saxum a viro ipso vix portatur. 3. Servus ipse impigre
laborat. 4. Perleuhun illl viro semper gratum est. 5. Puer
magnum numerum amicorum convocat. 6. Illa silva magna
in lnsula est. 7. In illo oppido cum amlcls habitamus. 8.
Oppidum ipsum non gratum est. 9. Illa puella parva libros
amat. 10. Fllia illius feminae benigna est.
107. 1. The -boy himself always works. 2. The small
temple is praised by my friend. 3. Those girls are not
always lazy. 4. We avoid the danger with difficulty. 5. The
man himself calls together a large number of small boys.
6. The walls of those towns are large. 7. That farmer
always loves good horses. 8. The small boy is helped by
the energetic farmer.
SFfiGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
37
LESSON XIV
THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS: PRESENT INDICATIVE OF THE
SECOND CONJUGATION: ABLATIVE OF PLACE
THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS
portare
monere
III. ducere
IV. audire
I.
II.
Termination
-are
-ere
-ere
-ire
Cliaracteristic Vowel
a
e
e
i
PASSIVE
Singular
Singular
nionenius, we warn
monetis, you warn
monent, they warn
Plural
38
ELEMENTAEY LATIN
THE ABLATIVE OF PLACE
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Explain the reason for the case of each noun in sentences 5, 6,
and 7, of 113. (2) Indicate the personal endings of the verbs in sen
tences 8, 9, and 10, 112. (3) Conjugate timed and video in the present
indicative, active and passive. (4) Give the genitive plural and the
accusative plural of iniuria and proelium.
(5) Give the genitive
singular of the words meaning this kindness.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
39
40
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON XV
PAST (IMPERFECT) INDICATIVE ACTIVE, FIRST AND SECOND
CONJUGATIONS: HIC AND ILLE AS CORRELATIVES
THE PAST (IMPERFECT)' INDICATIVE ACTIVE
1 While the name "past descriptive," indicates the use of this tense very
satisfactorily, it has seemed best to employ merely the name "past" in the
paradigms and exercises of this book. Teachers who prefer to use the more
complete name, or to retain the older name, "imperfect," may easily indicate
the necessary change by a general direction to the class.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
41
42
ELEMENTARY LATIN
117.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
43
Nom. -US, , er
Gen. -i
DAT. -d
Acc. -um
Abl. -6
Fern.
-a
-ae
-ae
-am
-a
Kent.
-um
-i
-d
-um
-d
Matte.
-1
-orum
-is
-ds
-is
Plural
Fern.
Neut.
-ae
-arum
-is
-as
-is
-a
-orum
-is
-a
-is
expectation
injuryItalian
legation
location
move
numeral
numerous
probable
Roman
timid
vulnerable
ELEMENTARY LATIN
44
LESSON XVI
THE DEMONSTRATIVE IS.
THE DEMONSTRATIVE IS
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
is
eius
el
eum
CO
ea
eius
el
eam
eft
Keut,
IffWC.
id
eius
el
el (if)
eorum
els (ils)
eos
els (ils)
id
eo
Plural
Fern.
eae
earum
els (its)
eas
els (ils)
Ncut.
ea
eorum
els (ils)
ea
eIs (ils)
ELEMENTARY LATIN
45
VOCABULARY
126.
is, ea, id, this, that ; as pron.,
fortiter, adv., bravely
Gallia, -ae, f., Gaul (a name
he, she, it
olim, adv., formerly
formerly given France, in
cluding part of the country persuaded, -ere, with dative,
persuade
on the north and northeast)
placed, -ere, with dative,
Gallus, -I, m., a Gaul (an in
please
habitant of the country of
pugno,
-are, fight
Gaul)
1 In the case of some of these verbs, the original meaning which made
natural the use of the dative is not readily seen in translation. For ex
ample, persuaded, persuade, meant make attractive {to).
46
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
(1) Point out those forms of is which sire used as pronouns and those
which are used as adjectives in the sentences of 127. (2) Explain the
case of eis in sentence 7 and of amico in sentence 9, 127. (3) Decline
is liber. (4) Conjugate pugno and persuadeo in the past indicative
active. (5) Give the genitive singular of the three demonstratives,
hie, ille, and is.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
47
LESSON XVII
PAST INDICATIVE PASSIVE, FIRST AND SECOND CONJUGA
TIONS: ABLATIVE OF MEANS
THE FAST INDICATIVE PASSIVE
Singular
monebar
monebaris, -re
monebatur
Plural
monebamur
monebaminl
monebantur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
48
132.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Point out the examples of the ablative of means and also of the
ablative of agent in 133. (2) Explain the ease of donis in sentence 9,
133. (3) In the following sentences tell what use of the ablative
would be employed to translate the prepositional phrases: (a) He
walked with his father, (b) He struck the horse with a stick.
(4) Give the third person singular in the present indicative passive
and past indicative passive of necd and terreo.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
49
LESSON XVIII
FUTURE INDICATIVE, ACTIVE AND PASSIVE, FIRST AND
SECOND CONJUGATIONS
THE FUTURE TENSE
Singular
Singular
Plural
Singular
Singular
Plural
portabimur
portabiminl
portabuntur
Plural
monebimur
monebiminl
monebuntur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
50
136.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
137. 1. Amlcl mel monebuntur quod perlculum magnum est. 2. Hi servi arma portabunt sed
non ipsl pugnabunt. 3. Galll fortiter pugnant
sed superabuntur. 4. Agricola fossam saxls complebit. 5. Illud oppidum a Romanls oppugnabitur. 6. In eo proelio fortiter pugnabant sed
tamen superabantur. 7. In oppido multos amlcos
ROMAN
videbimus. 8. Impigre laboras et laudaberis.
SHIELD
9. Amlcls nostrls semper favemus.
138. 1. The slaves will not fight with weapons. 2. The
boy will carry the shield and the sword. 3. We shall see the
danger, but we shall not fear. 4. You (sing.) will often be
praised by your friend. 5. The men will fight bravely, but
nevertheless they will be defeated. 6. We shall not be
frightened by the Gauls. 7. This man favored the Romans.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Point out the tense signs and the personal endings in the verbs
of sentences 4, 5, and 7, 137. (2) Explain the case of amicis, 9, 137.
(3) Conjugate compleo and supero in the future indicative active and
passive. (4) Give the third person plural active of habed in the
present, past, and future indicative.
ELEMENTABY LATIN
LESSON XIX
POSSESSIVES OF THE THIRD PERSON: OMISSION
POSSESSIVES: PAST AND FUTURE
INDICATIVE OF SUM
POSSESSIVES OF THE THIRD PERSON
ELEMENTARY LATIN
PAST
Singular
erS, I shall be
eris, you will be
erit, he, she, it will be
eram, / was
eras, you were
erat, he, she, it was
Plural
eramus, we were
eratis, you were
erant, they were
142.
erimus, we shall be
eritis, you will be
erunt, they will be
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
53
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline suus in full. (2) Give the possessive adjectives of the
first and second persons. (3) Give the Latin equivalent for each of
the possessives in the following sentences: (a) I was walking with
the boy and his brother, (b) The general constructed his camp not
far from the camp of the enemy.
(c) I do not desire their help.
(d) They cannot defend their own homes. (4) Give the third person
singular and plural of sum in the present, past, and future indicative.
54
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON XX
PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE: MEANINGS OF PERFECT
AND PAST
THE PERFECT TENSE, ACTIVE VOICE
Plural
monul
monuistl
monuit
monuimus
monuistis
monuerunt, -ere
Plural
ful
fuistl
fuit
fuimus
fuistis
fuerunt, -ere
ELEMENTARY LATIN
55
-i
-isti
-it
Plui
-imus
-istis
-mint or -ere
56
ELEMENTARY LATIN
152.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
57
156.
armor
augment
complete
epistle
explore
VOCABULARY REVIEW
oppugno, -are
persuadeS, -ere
placed, -ere
probo, -are
propero, -are
pugno, -are
studco, -ere
supero, -are
terreo, -ere
timeo, -ere
video, -ere
vulnero, -are
fortiter
hodie
impigre
longe
Slim
prlmo
rursu,s
semper
tamen
tum
vix
a, ab
sine
gladiator
invitation
irate
occupy
persuade
population
potential
pugnacious
student
58
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON XXI
USE OF PARTICIPLES:
THE PARTICIPLE
ELEMENTARY LATIN
161.
jy
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Give the past participles of vito, accuso, and postulo, with
English meanings. (2) Decline the past participle of do in full.
(3) Conjugate pated and invito in the future indicative active.
(4) Name the Latin nouns from which periculosus and oppidanus are
derived. (5) Explain the case of puero and of amlco in sentence 3,
162. (6) Give the gender and number of portata in sentence 6 and
sentence 7, 162.
60
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON XXII
PRINCIPAL PARTS:
VERB STEMS
ELEMENTARY LATIN
61
62
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTAKY LATIN
63
LESSON XXIII
PAST PERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE
THE PAST PERFECT INDICATIVE ACTIVE
monueram,
I had warned
portaveram
portaveras
portaverat
monueram
monueras
monuerat
portaveramus
portaveratis
portaverant
monueramus
monueratis
monuerant
fueram,
I had been
Singular
fueram
fueras
fuerat
Plural
fueramus
fueratis
fuerant
monuero,
I shall have warned
portavero
portaveris
portaverit
monuero
monueris
monuerit
fuero,
I shall have been
Singular
fuero
fueris
fuerit
04
ELKMENTARY LATIN
Plural
portaverimus
portaveritis
portaverint
172.
monuerimus
monueritis
monuerint
fuerimus
fueritis
fuerint
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Point out the past perfects and the future perfects in the sen
tences of 173, indicating the tense signs and the personal endings of
each. (2) Give the principal parts of renovo, iuvo, and video, and
indicate the three stems of each. (3) Conjugate do in the past perfect
and the future perfect indicative active. (4) Give the third person
plural of iuvo in the perfect, past perfect, and future perfect indica
tive active. (5) Give the dative singular of the phrase meaning
that toion.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
65
LESSON XXIV
PERFECT INDICATIVE PASSIVE: ACCUSATIVE OF DURATION
OF TIME
THE PERFECT INDICATIVE PASSIVE
Plural
monitus sum
monitus es
monitus est
lnoniti sumus
monitl estis
monitl sunt
66
ELEMENTARY LATIN
THE ACCUSATIVE OF DURATION OF TIKE
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Point out the phrases in 180 which express duration of time.
(2) Name the tense of each verb in 179. (3) Conjugate laudo and
video in the perfect indicative passive, giving English meanings.
(4) Explain the use of the ablatives in sentences 4 and 8 of 179.
(5) Give the ablative of the phrase meaning four hours. (6) Give the
gender of agricola in sentence 3 and of fossa in sentence 8 of 179.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
67
LESSON XXV
PAST PERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE
PASSIVE: SYNOPSIS OF VERBS
THE PAST PERFECT AND FUTURE PERFECT INDICATIVE PASSIVE
portatus eram,
/ had been carried
monitus eram,
/ had been warned
Singular
monitus eram
monitus eras
monitus erat
Plural
monitl eramus
monitl eratis
monitl erant
FUTURE PERFECT
portatus ero,
I shall have been carried
monitus ero,
/ shall have been warned
Singular
monitus erS
monitus eris
monitus erit
Plural
monitl erimus
monitl eritis
monitl erunt
ELEMENTARY LATIN
68
Perf.
P. Perf.
F. Perf.
porto
portabam
portabo
portavl
portaveram
portavero
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
69
SUGGESTED DRILL
renovate
repudiate
scholastic
signal
social
support
stipend
vital
70
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON XXVI
FUTURE ACTIVE PARTICIPLE: PREPOSITIONS WITH
ACCUSATIVE
THE FUTURE ACTITE PARTICIPLE
ELEMENTARY LATIN
191.
71
VOCABULARY
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Give the future active participles of anged, moneo, and dd.
(2) Mention some of the prepositions which take the ablative. (3)
Conjugate demonstro in the perfect indicative active and passive.
(4) Explain the case of hortum, in sentence 4, and of via, in sentence
7, 192. (5) Give the principal parts of moved. (6) Give a synopsis
of vocd in the first person plural of the indicative passive.
72
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON XXVII
THIRD CONJUGATION, 5 VERBS, PRESENT INDICATIVE:
DATIVE OF PURPOSE
THE THIRD CONJUGATION, 5 VEEBS
PASSIVE
Singular
diico, / lead
ducis, you lead
ducit, he leads
ducor, / am led
duceris or ducere, you are led
ducitur, he is led
Plural
ducimus, we lead
ducitis, you lead
ducunt, they lead
ELEMENTARY LATIN
197.
73
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
74-
LESSON XXVIII
FOURTH CONJUGATION, PRESENT INDICATIVE:
SUBSTANTIVE USE OF ADJECTIVES
THE FOURTH CONJUGATION
PASSIVE
Singular
audio, I hear
audls, you hear
audit, he hears
audior, / am heard
audlris or audlre, you are heard
audltur, he is heard
Plural
audlmus, we hear
audltis, you hear
audiunt, they hear
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
75
EXERCISES
veyAL)/Ai)iN/rK>oTOXr\//cu^LM'>rV^W
JlCNMvJgKfCtAjrc/QvJfDMSJtTfXAfnXf jb-lMli(jTj-NOW^VJiNXocj-CiyMjAfVAcoi^^
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Indicate the stem and the ending of audltur in sentence 7, 203.
(2) Point out the difference between the formation of the first person
plurals of gero and of audio. (3) Conjugate venid in the present
indicative active, and miinio in the present indicative active and
passive. (4) Give the third person plural of rogo, video, and audio
in the present indicative, active and passive. (5) Give the future
active participles of audio and ger6. (6) Explain the use of nostris
in sentence 5, 203.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
76
LESSON XXIX
PAST INDICATIVE OF THIRD AND FOURTH CONJUGATIONS:
CONSTRUCTION WITH IUBEO
THE PAST INDICATIVE OF THE THIRD AND FOURTH CONJUGATIONS
PASSIVE
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Singular
ducebam
ducebas
ducebat
ducebar
ducebaris, -re
ducebatur
ducebamus
ducebatis
ducebant
ducebamur
dueebaminl
ducebantur
audiebam
audiebas
audiebat
audiebar
audiebaris, -re
audiebatur
Plural
audiebamus audiebamur
audiebatis
audiebamini
audiebant
audiebantur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
77
EXERCISES
KOMAN CENTURION
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Indicate the tense signs and the personal endings in the verbs
of sentences 1, 3, and 9, 208. (2) Conjugate trado and reperio in the
present active indicative and the past active indicative, (.i) Explain
the use of the infinitive venire in sentence 4, 208. (4) Point out an
adjective used as a noun in the sentences of 208. (5) Explain the
case of Gallia in sentence 7, 208. (6) Conjugate iubeo in the perfect
indicative active.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
78
LESSON XXX
FUTURE INDICATIVE OF THIRD AND FOURTH CONJUGA
TIONS: ABLATIVE OF TIME
THE FUTURE INDICATIVE OF THE THIRD AND FOURTH CONJUGATIONS
210. The tense sign of the future in the third and fourth
conjugations is e, except in the first person singular, where
it appears as a. In the fourth conjugation the tense sign is
preceded by i. In third conjugation verbs like duco, the
tense sign replaces the vowel in which the present stem ends.
ACTIVE
Singular
diicar
duceris, -re
ducetur
Plural
dvicemur
ducemini
ducentur
audiar
audieris, -re
audietur
Plural
audiemur
audieminl
audientur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
212.
79
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
213. 1. Propter naturam locl magnas cSpias non ducebamus. 2. Galll eS anno multa oppida amlserunt. 3. 6ermanl
cum copils nostris saepe ante castra contendunt. 4. Helvetia
eo bello vincentur. 5. Hl virl decem horas laboraverunt.
6. Prlma hSra oppidum occupabitur. 7. SI perlculum erit,
celeriter veniam. 8. Pueros fossam complere iubebit. 9.
Copiae nostrae ex castrls non excedent. 10. Nostrl cum
Germanis ante castra contendent.
214. 1. We shall hasten from the camp at the first hour.
2. The slave will find out the nature of the place. 3. The
sound of weapons will be heard by the women. 4. The men
are withdrawing from the towns to the forests. 5. The
forces of the Germans are coming swiftly.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Give the third person singular of duco and audio in the present,
past, and future tenses of the indicative active. (2) Give the third
person plural of mitto and moneo in these three tenses of the indica
tive passive. (3) Conjugate vinco and munio in the future indicative
active and passive. (4) Explain the difference between the idea of
time which is expressed by the ablative and that which is expressed
by the accusative (177, 211). (5) Point out the examples of the
ablative of time in the sentences of 213,
ELEMENTARY LATIN
80
VOCABULARY REVIEW
annus, -I, m.
concilium, -l, n.
copia, -ae, f.
dominus, -l, m.
frumentum, -l, n.
fuga, -ae, p.
hortus, -l, m.
mora, -ae, p.
natura, -ae, p.
oppidanus, -l, m.
prSvincia, -ae, p.
schola, -ae, p.
signum, -l, n.
socius, -l, m.
sonus, -l, m.
stlpendium, -l, n.
tuba, -ae, p.
vlta, -ae, p.
adversus, -a, -um
albus, -a, -um
honestus, -a, -um
perlculosus, -a, -um
prlmus, -a, -um
tutus, -a, -um
216.
adverse
audible
contention
copious
decimal
antea
celeriter
diu
ibi
late
statim
ad
ante
inter
post
propter
trans
interstate
missive
natural
novelty
postpone
primary
provincial
relinquish
sonorous
transport
ELEMENTAKY LATIN
81
LESSON XXXI
VERBS OF THE THIRD CONJUGATION ENDING IN -10
217. There are two classes of verbs in the third eonju
ration, commonly distinguished as d verbs and io verbs.
The d verbs are those which are conjugated like duco. The
io verbs are conjugated in the present indicative partly like
duco and partly like verbs of the fourth conjugation. In the
past indicative and the future indicative they are conjugated
exactly like verbs of the fourth conjugation.
capio, / take
PRESENT
ACTIVE
Singular
capio
capis
capit
'
PASSIVE
Plural
Singular
eapimus
capitis
capiunt
capior
caperis, -re
eapitur
Plural
capimur
capimini
capiuntur
FAST
Singular
capiebam
capiebiis
eapiebat
Plural
capiebamus
capiebatis
capiebant
Singular
capiebar
capiebaris, -re
capiebatur
Plural
capiebamur
capiebaminl
capiebantur
FUTURE
Singular
capiam
capies
capiet
Plural
capiemus
capietis
capient
Singular
capiar
capieris, -re
capietur
Plural
capiemur
capieminl
capientur
82
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
83
LESSON XXXII
REVIEW OF THE FOXJR CONJUGATIONS IN THE PRESENT
SYSTEM, INDICATIVE MOOD
221.
PRESENT INFINITIVE
Terminations
portare
ir. monere
( ducere
in.
| capere
IV. audire
-are
-ere
I.
Stem
portamoneducecapeaudi-
-ere
-ire
Singular
L
II.
porto
portas
portat
moneo
mones
monet
III.
due6
dueis
ducit
IV.
capio
eapis
capit
audio
audls
audit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
audlmus
audltis
audiunt
Plural
portamus
portatis
portant
monemus
monetis
monent
ducimus
iliieitis
ducunt
ELEMENTARY LATIN
84
PASSIVE
portor
portaris, -re
portatur
moneor
moneris, -re
nionctur
Singular
ducor
duceris, -re
ducitur
capior
caperis, -re
capitur
audior
audiris, re
auditur
portamur .
porta mini
portantur
monemur
monemini
monentur
Plural
ducimur
ducimini
ducuntur
capimur
i,apiminl
capiuntur
audimur
audiniini
audiuutur
223. The sign of the past tense, ba, appears in all four
conjugations.
In third conjugation d verbs the short e of
the stem becomes long before ba, making their past tense
identical with that of the second conjugation.
Third con
jugation verbs in io and all fourth conjugation verbs have
the tense sijrn preceded by ie.
ACTIVE
Singular
III.
TT.
portabam
portabas
portabat
monebam
monebas
monebat
ducebam
ducebas
ducebat
portabamus
portabatis
portabant
monebamus
monebatis
monebant
dueebaimis
ducobatis
ducebant
IV.
capiebam
capiebas
capiebat
audiebam
audiebas
audiebat
oapiebamus
capiebatis
capiebant
audiebamus
audiebatis
audiebant
PLURAL
PASSIVE
Singular
portabar
monebar
ducebar
capiebar
audiebar
portabaris, -re monfbaris, -rp ducebaris, -re capiebfuis, -re audiebaris, -re
portabatnr
monebatur
ducebatur
capiebatur
audiebatur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
portabamur
portabamini
portabantur
monebamur
monebamini
monebantur
Plural
ducebamur
ducebamini
ducebantur
capiebamur
capiebaminl
capiebantur
85
audiebamur
audiebamini
audiebantur
rv.
III
II.
portabo
portabis
portabit
nioncbo
monebis
monebit
ducam
duces
ducet
portabimus
portabitis
portabunt
monebimus
monebitis
monebunt
ducomus
dOcctis
ducent
capiam
capies
capiet
audiam
audies
audiet
('apicmus
vapietis
capient
audiemuB
audietis
audient
capiar
capieris, -re
capietur
audiar
audierie, -re
audietur
eapiemur
capioniiui
capientur
audiemur
audiemini
audientur
Plural
PASSIVE
Singular
ducar
monebor
portabor
portaberis, -re moneberis, -re duceris, -re
monebitur
ducetur
portabitur
portabimur
portabiniini
portabuntur
iiionebiuiur
moncbimini
monebuntur
Plural
ducemur
ducemini
duceutur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
86
225.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
87
LESSON XXXIII
REVIEW OF THE PERFECT SYSTEM, INDICATIVE MOOD:
WORD ORDER
KEVIEW OF THE PERFECT SYSTEM IN THE ACTIVE VOICE
I.
III.
IV.
Terminations
monul
monuisti
monuit
portavl
portavistl
portavit
diixi
(luxisti
duxit
audlvl
audiyisti
audivit
eepi
cepistl
cepit
-I
-isti
-it
Plukal
monuimus
duximus
eepimus
portavimus
audivimus
portavistis
monuistis
audlvistis
duxistis
cepistis
eeperunt
portaverunt monuerunt diixerunt
audiverunt
or -ere
or -ere
or -ere
or -ere
or -ere
-imus
-istis
-erunt
or -ere
monueram
monueras,
etc.
IV.
III.
rle.
diixeram
duxeras,
etc.
ceperam
ceperas,
etc.
audlveram
audlveras,
etc.
monuero
monueris,
etc.
duxero
duxeris,
etc.
cepero
eeperis,
etc.
audlverS
audiveris,
etc
88
ELEMENTARY LATIN
REVIEW OF THE PERFECT SYSTEM IN THE PASSIVE VOICE
portatus sum
monitus sum,
etc.
PAST PERfECT
fUTURE PERfECT
portatus eram
monitus eram,
etc.
portatus ero
monitus ero,
vie.
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
89
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
90
LESSON XXXIV
ADJECTIVES WITH THE GENITIVE IN -WS
Uasc.
solus
sollus
soli
solum
solo
sola
solius
soli
solam
sola
Neut.
solum
solius
soli
solum
solo
Mase.
alter
alterius
alterl
alteram
altero
Fern.
Kent.
altera
alterlus
alterl
alteram
altera
alteram
alterlus
alterl
alterum
altero
alterae
altera,
etc.
Plural
soll
solae
sola,
etc.
alterl
ELKMKNTAKY LATIN
91
alius
alil
alter
.alterl
=
=
i=
one
some
one
the one party . . .
another.
others.
the other.
.the other party.
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
92
LESSON XXXV
THE THIRD DECLENSION
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl. ,
lex
legis
legI
legem
lege
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
mlles
mllitis
mllitl
mllitem
mllite
Termi
nations
-S
-is
-i
-em
-e
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
leges
legum
legibus
leges
legibus
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
mllites
mllitum
mllitibus
mllites
mllitibus
-es
-um
-ibus
-es
-ibus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
93
homo, man
Base, hominSingular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
frater
fratris
fratrl
fratrem
fratre
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
fratfes
fratrum
fratribus
fratres
fratribus
Nom .
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
homo
hominis
homini
hominem
homine
Termi
nations
-IS
-i
-em
-e
Pluraij
homines
hominum
hominibus
homines
hominibus
-es
-um
-ibus
-es
-ibus
94
239.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline together lex bona. (2) Decline together frater meus.
(3) Give the accusative plural of sagitta, ager, and frater. (4) Give
the genitive singular of the words meaning one soldier. (5) Give the
principal parts of tradiderunt. (6) Give the base of the noun rex.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
95
impediment
item
justice
legal
lunar
military
neutral
nihilist
nullify
reception
regal
sole
subsidy
total
union
victory
ELEMENTARY LATIN
96
LESSON XXXVI
THE THIRD DECLENSION, CONSONANT STEMS (Continued):
DATIVE OF REFERENCE
NEUTER CONSONANT STEMS
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
flumen
fluminis
fluminl
flumen
flumine
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
TEliMlNATIONS
es! put
capitis
capitl
caput
capite
-is
-i
-e
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
flumina
fluminum
fluminibus
flumina
fluminibus
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
capita
capitum
capitibus
capita
capitibus
-a
-um
-ibus
-a
-ibus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
corpus
corporis
corporl
corpus
corporc
97
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
iter
itineris
itinerl ,
iter
itinere
-is
-i
itinera
itinerum
itineribus
itinera
itineribus
-a
-um
-ibus
-a
-ibus
-e
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
corpora
corporum
corporibus
corpora
corporibus
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
98
ELEMENTARY LATIN
246.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Conjugate emo in the present and future indicative, active and
passive. (2) Give a synopsis of video in the third person singular,
indicative passive.
(3) Give a synopsis of emo in the third person
plural, indicative active. (4) Decline together the words which mean
a beautiful river.
(5) Explain the case of auxilio and of Romanis,
in sentence 8, 247.
1 The missing genitive and ablative forms of this word are supplied by
the genitive and ablative forms of nuilus.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
99
LESSON XXXVII
THE THIRD DECLENSION, /-STEMS AND MIXED STEMS
GENITIVE AND ACCUSATIVE PLURAL FORMS
249. Nouns with i-stems and mixed stems have the geni
tive plural ending in -ium. Masculine and feminine nouns
of these classes may have either -es or -is as the ending of
the accusative plural. In the singular they are usually
declined like consonant stems.
MASCULINE AND FEMININE /-STEMS AND MIXED STEMS
ELEMENTARY LATIN
100
Singular
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
hostis
hostis
hostl
hostem
hoste
eaedes
caedis
caedl
caedem
caede
Termi
nations
-S
-is
-i
-em
-e
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
hostes
hostium
hostibus
hostls, -es
hostibus
caedes
caedium
caedibus
caedls, -es
caedibus
-es
-ium
-ibus
-is, -es
-ibus
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
urbs
urbis
urbi
urbem
urbe
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
urbes
urbium
urbibus
urbes, -Is
urbibus
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
gens
gentis
gentl
gentem
gente
Termi
nations
-S
-is
-i
-em
-e
Plural
gentes
gentium
gentibus
gentes, -Is.
gentibus
-es
-ium
-ibus
-es, -is
-ibus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
251.
101
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Give the nominative singular of each noun in 252. (2) Indicate
the stem of each verb in the sentences of 252; and state whether it is
the present, perfect, or participial stem. (3) Point out a phrase in the
sentences of 253 which is translated by the dative of reference.
(4) Decline finis. (5) Decline together the words for an exhausted
enemy.
(6) Name the nine adjectives which have the genitive
ending -ius.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
102
LESSON XXXVIII
THE THIRD DECLENSION (Continued), NEUTER /-STEMS:
GENDER IN THIRD DECLENSION
THE THIRD DECLENSION, NEUTER /-STEMS
calcar, n.,
spur
Base, calcar-
animal, n.,
animal
Base, animalTermi
nations
SlNGULAR
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
calcar
calcaris
calcarl
calcar
calcarl
Insigne
Insignis
Insignl
Insigne
Insigni
animal
animalis
animall
animal
animall
-IS
-i
-l
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Insignia
Insignium
Insignibus
Insignia
Insignibus
calcaria
calcarium
calcaribus
calcaria
calcaribus
animalia
animalium
animalibus
animalia
animalibus
-ia
-ium
-ibus
-ia
-ibus
255. Nouns ending in -tas and -tiis, and most nouns end
ing in -go and -io, are feminine.
Nouns ending in -tor are masculine.
Nouns ending in -e, -al, -ar, -n, and -t are neuter.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
256.
103
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline navis longa. (2) Decline animal magnum. (3) Give
the principal parts of the verbs in sentences 6, 7, and 8, 257. (4) Point
out the differences between the case endings of corpus and of calcar.
(5) Conjugate vendd in the past perfect active indicative. (6) Explain
the case use of hostibus in sentence 5, 267.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
104
LESSON XXXIX
THE THIRD DECLENSION, IRREGULAR AND EXCEPTIONAL
NOUNS
DECLENSION OF
VIS
SlNGULAR
Nom.
Gen.
DAT.
Acc.
Abu
vls
vim
vi
vires
virium
vlrihus
vlrls or vlres
vlribus
Nom. . ignis
Gen. ignis
Dat. ignl
Acc. ignem
Abl. ignl, igne
ignes
ignium
ignibus
ignis, -es
ignibus
Singular
turris
turris
turri
turrim, -em
turrl, turrc
Plural
turres
turrium
turribus
turrls, -es
turribus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
261.
105
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Name the three classes of nouns in the third declension. (2)
Give the case endings of masculine and feminine consonant stems.
(3) Give the case endings of masculine and feminine i-stems and
mixed stems. (4) Give the rules for gender in the third declension.
(5) Decline together vis magna.
' The genitive, dative, and ablative of the plural of bos are some
what irregular. These forms dc not occur in the exercises of this book.
They may be found in the Appendix, section 3, D.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
106
LESSON XL
Idem-, genitive of the whole
DECLENSION OF IDEM
264.
Fern.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
idem
eiusdem
eldem
eundem
eodem
eadem
eiusdem
eldem
eandem
eadem
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Idem or ei dem
eorundem
elsdem or lsdem
eosdem
elsdem or Isdem
eaedem
earundem
elsdem or Isdem
easdem
elsdem or Isdem
Keut.
idem
eiusdem
eldem
idem
eodem
Plural
eadem
eorundem
elsdem or Isdem
eadem
elsdem or Isdem
ELEMENTARY LATIN
266.
107
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline together idem dux. (2) Decline together eadem pars.
(3) Point out three examples of the use of the genitive of the whole
in the sentences of 267. (4) Conjugate absum in the present indicative
and the future indicative. (5) Give a synopsis of fugio in the third
person singular indicative active. (6) Explain the ease of aestatem,
in sentence 6, 267.
108
ELEMENTARY LATIN
aestas, -tatis, p.
animal, animalis, n.
animus, -l, m.
bos, bovis, m., f.
eaedes, eaedis, f.
calcar, calcaris, n.
captlvus, -l, m.
caput, capitis, n.
castellum, -l, n.
corpus, corporis, n.
dux, ducis, m.
eques, equitis, m.
flnis, flnis, m.
fliimen, fluminis, n.
frater, fratris, M.
gens, gentis, f.
homo, hominis, m.
hostis, hostis, m.
ignis, ignis, m.
impedlmentum, -l, n.
Insigne, Insignis, n.
iter, itineris, n.
iustitia, -ae, f.
legio, legionis, f.
lex, legis, f.
luna, -ae, f.
mlles, mllitis, m.
mons, montis, M.
navis, navis, f.
nemS, dat. neminl, m., f.
nihil, indeclinable, n.
ELEMENTAKY LATIN
nuntius, -I, m.
pars, partis, f.
regnum, -l, n.
rex, regis, M.
subsidium, -I, n.
trlduum, -l, N.
turris, turris, f.
urbs, urbis, f.
victoria, -ae, p.
Vls, p.
70.
109
RELATED ENGLISH
WORDS
absent
animal
army
bovine
capital
corporal
desert
duke
edifice
ensign
final
hostile
ignite
impede
incendiary
legion
naval
part
turret
urban
vendor
vex
HO
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON XLI
PRESENT PASSIVE INFINITIVE OF REGULAR VERBS:
USE OF INFINITIVE
THE PRESENT PASSIVE INFINITIVE
II.
-ari
-eri
III.
-i
iv.
-iri
I.
II.
portare, to carry
monere, to warn
( ducere, to lead
III ,1
( capere, to take
IV. audlre, to hear
PASSIVE
portarl, to be carried
monerl, to be warned
duci, to be led
capi, to be taken
audlrl, to be heard
ELEMENTARY LATIN
273.
HI
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
274. 1. Hie puer laudarl semper cupit. 2. Hostes convenlre non maturaverunt quod invltl erant. 3. El homines
feri flnes latos possident. 4. Legatus mllites ad castra hostium duel iubet. 5. Sonus armorum audlrl incipit et oppi
danl terrentur. 6. Urbs nostra longe a monte abest. 7.
Praemium el non dabitur quod non honestus est. 8. Magna
pars eius Insulae Gallls incognita erat sed RomanI ibi multa
oppida reppererunt.
275. 1. The lieutenant wishes to be sent to Gaul. 2. You
do not wish to be warned because you do not see the danger.
3. This reward was given by the king to his brother. 4. The
soldiers are beginning to assemble, but the leader is absent.
5. Many hastened to flee from the city, but this man remained.
6. There are many fierce animals in the.forests of that island.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Give the present active and passive infinitives of all the verbs
of the vocabulary of this lesson. (2) Explain the use of the infinitives
in sentences 1 and 2, 274. (3) Explain the case of insulae, 8, 274.
(4) Give the genitive and the dative singular of the phrase which
means the same reward. (5) Give the accusative singular and plural
of vis.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
112
LESSON XLII
ADJECTIVES OF THE THIRD DECLENSION:
MANNER
ABLATIVE OF
acer, hold
Plural
Singula i:
Num.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Masc.
Fcm ,
Neut.
acer
acris
acrl
acrem
acrl
acris
acris
acrl
acrem
acrl
acre
acris
acrl
acre
acrl
Mane.
acres
acrium
acribus
acres, -Is
acribus
Fern.
acres
acrium
aeribus
acres, -ls
acribus
Xeut.
iieria
acrium
aeribus
acria
acribus
omnis, all
1 'l.URAL
Singui.au
Mane, ami Fein.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
omiiis
omnia
omnT
omnem
omnl
Xeut.
omne
omnis
omul
omne
omnl
01 ii nes
omnium
omnibus
omnes, -Is
omnibus
Neut.
omnia
omnium
omnibus
omnia
omnibus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
H3
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
279. 1. Copiae pedestres (cum) magna celeritate appropinquaverunt. 2. Nullum bellum in omnl Italia eo anno
erat. 3. Tile puer equum acrem habet. 4. Galll fortes erant
et bellum cum virtute gerebant. 5. llostes omnes vlcos
ineenderunt et agros vexavcrunt. 6. Omnes convenlre iussl
erant sed multl invltl erant. 7. Inter montem et flumen
urbs magna erat. 8. Caesar saepe virtutem mllitum suorum
laudat. 9. In omnibus locls ignes videbantur et multl
fugiebant.
280. 1. The Germans attacked the city with great courage
and many of them were killed. 2. Part of the village was
burned by the enemy. 3. The lieutenant sent the infantry
with great speed, but the horsemen had fled. -1. The danger
ELEMENTARY LATIN
114
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline together miles acer. (2) Dei,line together vir fortis.
(3) Give the genitive plural of mons and flumen. (4) Decline pedester
in full. (5) Explain the case of virtute in sentence 4 and of flumen
;n sentence 7, 279. (6) Give the principal parts of the verbs gero and
iubeo.
LESSON XLIII
THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES (Continued):
ORDER OF
WORDS IN PREPOSITIONAL PHRASES
THIRD DECLENSION ADJECTIVES OF ONE ENDING
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
felix
felicis
felicl
felicem
felicl
potens, powerful
Xeut.
felix
felicis
felicl
felix
felici
potens
potentis
potentl
potentem
potentl, -e
Kcut.
potens
. potentis
potentl
potens
potentl, -e
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
fellces
fellcium
felicibus
fellces, -Is
fellcibus
felicia
fellcium
felicibus
felicia
fellcibus
potentes
potentium
potentibus
potentes, -Is
potentibus
potentia
potentium
potentibus
potentia
potentibus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
115
veterl '
veterem
vetere
Plural
Masc. and Fem.
Neut.
veteres
veterum
veteribus
veteres
veteribus
veterl
vetus
vetere
Vetera
veterum
veteribus
vetera
veteribus
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
116
ELEMENTARY LATIN
(1) Give the Latin equivalent for the phrase with great speed.
(2) Explain the use of the infinitive mittere, in sentence 3, 285.
(3) Mention adjectives illustrating each of the three classes of third
declension adjectives. (4) Give the ablative singular and the genitive
plural of fortis and vetus. (5) Give a synopsis of accipio in the third
person singular, active, and the third person plural, passive, indicative.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
117
LESSON XLIV
THE RELATIVE PRONOUN
THE DECLENSION OF THE RELATIVE PRONOUN
287.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
qul
cuius
cui
quem
quo
Singular
Fern.
Ncut.
quae
cuius
cui
quam
qua
quod
cuius
cui
quod
quo
Alasc.
Plural
Fern.
Neut.
qul
quorum
quibus
quos
quibus
quae
quarum
quibus
quas
quibus
quae
quorum
quibus
quae
quibus
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
118
ELEMENTARY LATIN
SUGGESTED DRILL
LESSON XLV
THE FOURTH DECLENSION
XOm.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
Termi
nations
-US
exercitus
exercitus
-US
exercitul, -ii -ui, -u
-um
exercitum
-u
exercitu
Termi
nations
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
cornu
corniis
cornu
cornu
cornu
-U
-US
-u
-u
-u
ELEMENTARY LATIN
119
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
exercitus
exercituum
exercitibus
exercitus
exercitibus
DAT.
Acc.
Abl.
-us
Nom. cornua
Gen. cornuum
Dat. cornibus
Acc. cornua
Abl. cornibus
-uum
-ibus
-us
-ibus
-ua
-uum
-ibus
-ua
-ibus
-ubus.
293.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
120
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline together the words which mean a small hand. (2)
Explain the gender and number of the relative pronouns in the sen
tences of 294. (3) Point out the complex sentences in 295. (4) Point
out the subjects of the subordinate clauses in these complex sentences.
(5) Indicate the personal endings, tense signs, and stems of the
forms tendebant and conduxerant. (6) Conjugate peto in the future
indicative active.
(1)
(2)
1 3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
1 9)
fortitude
inception
manual
marine
maternal
omnipresent
pacify
paternal
pedestrian
possession
premium
resist
temporary
veteran
virtue
vocal
ELEMENTARY LATIN
121
LESSON XLVI
DECLENSION OF DOMUS:
LOCATIVE CASE
DECLENSION OF DOMUS
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
*{Abl.
Plural
domus
dGmus, doml
domul, domo
domum
domo, domii
domus
domuum, domorum
domibus
domos, domus
domibus
VOCABULARY
122
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
(1) Give the endings of the fourth declension. (2) Decline together
fluctus altus. (3) Decline the relative pronoun in full. (4) Give a
synopsis of conscribo in the third person singular, active voice, indica
tive.
(5) Explain the case of Romae in sentence 3, 301,
ELEMENTARY LATIN
The Conquest of Gaul
123
-
The greater part of the region known as Gaul was conquered by the
Romans in a series of campaigns lasting from 58 to 50 B. C. The
Roman army was under the command of Gaius Julius Caesar, who was
governor of the Roman province lying to the south of independent
Gaul. The province had been conquered and brought under Roman
authority some years earlier. The extension of Roman influence over'
the whole of Gaul brought about the adoption of the Latin language
and of Roman customs in this important part of Europe, a result
which has affected all the later history of France and of the whole
civilized world.
The successes of Caesar in this war made it possible for him to
become the ruler of Rome a little later, and to change the form of its
government from a republic to a monarchy.
The main events of the first two years of the war are told in
connection with the lessons which follow.
124
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
125
LESSON XLVII
NUMERALS:
one
two
three
four
five
six
seven
eight
nine
ten
findecim,
duodecim,
tredecim,
quattuordecim..
qulndecini,
sedecim,
septendecim,
duodevlgintl,
undevlgintl,
vlgintl,
eleven
twelve
thirteen
fourteen
fifteen
sixteen
seventeen
eighteen
nineteen
twenty
304.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
duo
duorum
duobus
duos, duo
duobus
Fern.
duae
duarum
duabus
duas
duabus
Neut.
duo
duorum
duobus
duo
duobus
tres
trium
tribus
tres
tribus
tria
trium
tribus
tria
tribus
126
305.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
Gaul and Its Inhabitants
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline unus. (2) Give the accusative of the phrase meaning
three Aquitanians. (3) Give the present passive infinitive of divido.
(4) Explain the case of Celtarum in the last sentence of 306. (5)
Decline omnis. (6) Conjugate Incolo in the perfect indicative active.
1 The adverb quoque always stands after the word which it emphasizes.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
127
LESSON XLVIII
THE FIFTH DECLENSION
Singular
1"RUMI
NATIONS
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
dies
dieI
dieI
diem
die
res
rd
rel
rem
re
-es
-el (-el)
-ei (-ei)
-em
-e
Termi
nations
dies
dierum
diebus
dies
diebus
res
rerum
rebus
res
rebus
-es
-erum
-ebus
-es
-ebus
128
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline the phrase meaning three days. (2) Decline domus.
(3) Give the rule for the locative case (299). (4) Conjugate enuntid
in the present indicative active. (5) Give the genitive plural of hora,
animus, and dies. (6) Explain the case of Helvetils in the last
sentence of 310.
ROMAN JAVELINS
ELEMENTARY LATIN
129
LESSON XLIX
ACCUSATIVE OF EXTENT: ACCUSATIVE OT
PLACE TO WHICH
THE ACCUSATIVE OF EXTENT
VOCABULARY
130
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
ROMAN COINS
ELEMENTARY LATIN
131
LESSON L
CONJUGATION OF EO: ABLATIVE OF ROUTE
THE CONJUGATION OF E5
Past
Future
Singular
eo
Is
it
Ibam
Ibas
Ibat
lb6
lbis
lbit
Plural
lmus
Itis
eunt
Ibamus
Ibatis
Ibant
Ibimus
lbitis
lbunt
Future Perfect
Singular
il
Istl or iistl
iit or It
ieram
ieras
ierat
iero
ieris
ierit
Plural
iimus
Istis or iistis
ierunt or iere
ieramus
ieratis
ierant
lerimus
ieritis
ierint
132
ELEMENTARY LATIN
THE ABLATIVE OF ROUTE
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
133
had defeated him. 4. They were crossing the river with all
their forces. 5. The soldiers who had been enrolled in Italy
were led into Gaul by this route.
SUGGESTED DRILL
VOCABULARY REVIEW
fortis, forte
inlquus, -a, -um
invltus, -a, -um
mllle
oetoginta (indeclinable)
omnis, omne
pedester, -tris, -tre
potens, gen. potentis
proximus, -a, -um
quadraginta (indeclinable)
tertius, -a, -um
vetus, gen. veteris
accipio, -cipere, -cepl, -ceptum
circumvenio, -venlre, -venl, -ventum
conscrlbo, -scrlbere, -scrlpsI, -scrlptum
convenio, -venlre, -vcnl, -ventum
cupio, -ere, cupivl, cupltum
ELEMENTARY LATIN
134
liomen, nominis, n.
passus, -us, m.
pater, patris, m.
pax, paeis, f.
praemium, -l, n.
profectio, -Snis, p.
res, rei, f.
tempus, temporis, n.
vlcus, -l, m.
virtus, virtutis, f.
vox, vocis, F.
qul, quae, quod
acer, acris, acre
centum (indeclinable)
elarus, -a, -um
contentus, -a, -um
dueentl, -ae, -a
felix, gen. felicis
finitimus, -a, -um
323.
approximate
city
contented
divide
division
enunciate
exit
iniquity
latitude
laudable
longitude
nominate
octogenarian
subnormal
transition
ELEMENTABY LATIN
135
LESSON LI
DATIVE WITH COMPOUNDS:
DATIVE OF POSSESSION
136
326.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
Eo tempore Caesar provinciae praeerat. Is Helvetios prohibere constituit quod inimici populo Romano erant, ut ante
diximus. Erat omnino legio una in ea parte Garlliae, et
Helvetils (325) magnae copiae erant. Socios (as allies) habebant tres alias gentes quae domos suas relinciuebant et cum
Helvetils e finibus suis exibant.
328. 1. Caesar had one legion. 2. A brave man is-incommand-of the town. 3. The Helvetians and their allies
will not wage war long. 4. We shall go home and remain
there two days. 5. The soldier who stands before the gate
has a shield. (5. Labienus was-in-command-of the legions
which were left in Gaul. 7. The enemy attacked the town
fiercely that night.
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
137
LESSON LII
ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION: ABLATIVE OF PLACE
FROM WHICH
THE ABLATIVE OF SEPARATION
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
138
ELEMENTARY LATIN
The Helvetians Repulsed
ELEMENTARY LATIN
139
LESSON LIII
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES: DECLENSION OF
COMPARATIVES
TEE COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES
Comparative
altior, altius, higher
Superlative
altissimus, -a, -um,
highest
fortissimus, -a, -um,
bravest
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
latior
latioris
latiorl
latiorem
latiore
Kent.
latius
latioris
latiorl
latius
latiore
Plural
Masc. and Fein.
A'eut.
latiores
latiorum
latioribus
latiores, (-Is)
latioribus
latiora
latiorum
latioribus
latiora
latioribus
140
335.
ELEMENTABY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
336. 1. Flumen latissimum ; mons altior ; vir clarissimus ; mllitem fortissimum ; iter angustius. 2. GermanI in
Galliam transierant et agros Gallorum vastabant. 3. Itinere
angustiore exierunt. 4. Montes altiores numquam vldl.
Another Route Found
(1) Compare (i. e., give the positive, comparative, and superlative of)
the adjectives angustus, cams, benignus, and longus. (2) Decline the
comparative of tutus. (3) Explain the case of itinere in sentence 3,
336.
(4) Give the genitive of the phrase vir clarior.
(5) Decline
together dies longior. (6) Point out the compound sentences in 337.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
141
LESSON LIV
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES (Continued):
OF COMPARISON
ABLATIVE
Comparative
miser
acer
miserior, miserius
acrior, acrius
Superlative
Comparative
Superlative
facilis
similis
facilior, -ius
similior, -ius
142
ELEMENTARY LATIN
a. If quam is used, the word denoting the person or
thing with which comparison is made stands in the same
case as the thing compared.
Ille puer fortior quam frater est, that boy is braver than
his brother.
b. If the word denoting the person or thing com
pared stands in any other case than the nominative or
accusative, quam must be used.
341.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
342. 1. Res difficillima; iter facillimum; ager simillimus;
in loco difficillimS. 2. Is homo miserrimus omnium era't.
3. Nostrl hostes acerriml superatl sunt. 4. Mihi amlcus
utilissimus fuistl. 5. Nemo honestior hoc homine est. 6.
Nemo honestior quam hie homo est.
The Haeduans Ask Aid
Haedul qui erant amlcl et socil popull RomanI statim ad
Caesarem nuntios mlserunt et auxilium petierunt. Perterriti
sunt, et vim hostium vix ab oppidls prohibebant. Caesar
interea quinque legiones ex alia parte provinciae per Alpes
duxerat et cum omnibus copils ad hostes contendebat.
343. 1. Meanwhile the fields of the Haeduans were being
laid waste. 2. The road by which the Helvetians went forth
was very difficult. 3. The Germans were braver than the
Haeduans. 4. This man is taller than his brother. 5. This
ELEMENTAKY LATIN
143
(1) Compare difficilis, utilis, pulcher, and liber. (2) Give the rule
for expressions of place from which. (3) Give the rule for the dative
of possession. (4) Give the rule for expressions of extent in space.
(5) Give the present infinitives, active and passive, of peto, prohibeo,
and oppugno.
LESSON LV
COMPARISON OF ADJECTIVES (Continued):
DEGREE OF DIFFERENCE
ABLATIVE OF
Comparative
melior, -ius
peior, -ius
maior,
, plus
maius
Superlative
optimus, -a, -um
pessimus, -a, -um
maximus, -a, -um
plurimus, -a, -um
minimus, -a, -um
minor, minus
DECLENSION OF PLUS
Nom.
Gen.
plus
pluris
DAT.
A co.
Abl.
plus
plure
Plural
Masc. and Fern.
plures
plurium
pluribus
plures or -Is
pluribus
Neut.
plura
plurium
pluribus
plura
pluribus
144
ELEMENTARY LATIN
Comparative
superior
Inferior
Superlative
supremus or summus
lnfimus or Iniiis
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
145
5. Maxima pars;
ROMAN SOLDIERS
STORMING A TOWN
(1) Decline the comparatives of magnus and parvus. (2) Point out
examples of the ablative of degree of difference in 348. (3) Explain
the case of Germanis in sentence 3, and of legionibus in sentence 4,
348. (4) Decline together impetus acrior in the singular. (5) Give a
synopsis of transeo and of traduco in the third person singular, active
voice, in the indicative mood, giving English meanings throughout.
1 A few i-stem proper nouns have the accusative singular in -lm.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
146
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
impetuous
inimical
nocturnal
pedal
pertinent
prohibition
a
ROMAN SPOONS AND BOWL
relic
repel
repulse
similar
utility
ventilation
ELEMENTARY LATIN
147
LESSON LVI
GENITIVE OF DESCRIPTION:
ABLATIVE OF DESCRIPTION
VOCABULARY
148
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
Post id proelium Caesar pontem fecit et exercitum traduxit. Helvetil flumen vlgintl diebus transierant sed Caesar
iin6 die omnem exercitum transportavit. Tum Helvetil legatos mlserunt et pacem petierunt. Legatl autem multa (much)
praedicaverunt de virtute suae gentis et calamitatem veterem
populi RomanI commemoraverunt.
356. 1. The river was of great width. 2. The soldiers
were of great courage and defended the camp bravely. 3.
A journey of five days was made by the army. 4. The
soldier whom you see is much braver than his brother. 5.
The men went by the most difficult road. 6. He is not a
boy of great strength, but he works energetically. 7. You
ask for peace, and this is my answer.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Mention some English words derived from the words in the
vocabulary of this lesson. (2) Give the Latin adjective from which
the noun altitudo is derived. (3) Explain the derivation of transportd.
(4) Explain the case of altitudine in sentence 3, and of dierum in sen
tence, 4, 355. (5) Explain the gender of multa, line 9, 355. (6) Give
the genitive of the phrase which means one day.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
149
LESSON LVII
THE FORMATION OF ADVERBS
late, widely
fortiter, bravely
audacter, boldly
prudenter, prudently
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
150
ELEMENTARY LATIN
Marching and Fighting
(1) Form adverbs from the adjectives altus, gratus, and honestus.
(2) Explain the derivation of acriter and feliciter. (3) Explain the
meaning of the phrase bona fide. (4) Explain the derivation of the
words transportation and procession. (5) Decline complures.
ELEMENTARY' LATIN
151
LESSON LVIII
THE COMPARISON OF ADVERBS
Positive
Adj.
Adv.
Adj.
Adv.
Adj.
Adv.
lalus
late
acer
acriter
facilis
facile
latior
latius .
acrior
acrius
facilior
facilius
Superlative
latissimus
latissime
acerrimus
acerrime
facillimus
facillime
Positive
bene.
male.
magnopere,
multum,
multum,
parum,
prope,
saepe,
diii,
well
badly
greatly
much
m uch
little
near
often
long
melius
peius
magis
magis
plus
minus
propius
saepius
diutius
Superlative
optime
pessime
maxime
maxime
plurimum
minime
proxime
saepissime
diutissime
152
362.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Compare the adverbs fortiter and certe. (2) Give the endings
which are regularly used in the formation of adverbs. (3) Point out
the irregularity in the formation of the adverb male. (4) Explain the
comparison of the adverb parum. (5) Give the rules for the ablative
of comparison and the ablative of degree of difference.
1 Translate that or the fact that.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
153
LESSON LIX
PRESENT PARTICIPLE:
ABLATIVE OF RESPECT
II.
porto
portans,
carrying
moneo
monens,
warning
IV.
duco
capio
ducens, capiens,
leading
taking
audio
audiens,
hearing
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
portans
portantis
portantl
portantem
portante (-1)
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
portantes
portantium
portantibus
portantes (-Is)
portantibus
Tfeut.
portans
portantis
portantl
portans
portante (-1)
Plural
portantia
portantium
portantibus
portantia
portantibus
154
ELEMENTARY LATIN
THE ABLATIVE OF KESPECT
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
368. 1. Acciisans ; implorans; munientes; iacientes; ducentes. 2. Voces captlvorum auxilium implorantium audiebantur. 3. Puero impigre laborantl favemus. 4. Ille vir
melior consilio [judgment) est. 5. Fratrem meum consili6
non praeeedis. 6. Nulli mllites fortiores animS sunt. 7. Hie
homo fratrl su6 noeere cupit.
Dumxorix Cexstred by Caesar
ELEMENTARY LATIN
155
(1) Give the present active participles of adhibeo, venio, tendo, and
aedifico, with the English meanings. (2) Decline the present parti
ciples of raunio, accuso, and duco. (3) Explain the case of consilio in
sentence 4, and of ammo in sentence 6, 368. (4) Explain the case of
fratri, in sentence 7, 368. (5) Compare the adverb graviter (from
the adjective gravis).
LESSON LX
THE ABLATIVE ABSOLUTE
156
ELEMENTARY LATIN
b. The participle being, which is often employed in
translating the ahlative ahsolute, has no equivalent in
Latin.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
373. 1. Legione c6nscripta, Caesar bellum gerere parabat
2. Duce interfecto, mllites repulsl sunt. 3. Hls rebus cognitls, exploratores in eo loco manserunt.
Caesar Plans an Attack
ELEMENTARY LATIN
157
Tum Caesar hominem nomine Considium cum exploratoribus praemisit. Is multos annos in exercitu fuerat atque
Caesar el fidem habebat.
374. 1. After Considius had been sent ahead (abl. aos.)
Caesar advanced at daybreak. 2. With Caesar as leader the
soldiers fought bravely. 3. When the king had been killed
the army fled. 4. If the legion is defeated the town will be
captured. 5. The Germans do not surpass us in courage.
6. When this was known scouts were sent ahead.
SUGGESTED DRILL
VOCABULARY REVIEW
responsum, -l, n.
ventus, -l, h.
angustus, -a, -um
complures, -a or -ia
difficilis, -e
facilis, -e
impedltus, -a, -um
inimlcus, -a, -um
paucl, -ae, -a
reliquus, -a, -um
similis, -e
summus, -a, -um
utilis, -e
acriter
facile
graviter
improvlso
interea
quam
satis
ut
citra
pro
autem
158
ELEMENTARY LATIN
altitude
ascend
ascension
calamity
commemorate
condone
deter
fidelity
imperial
implore
lucid
principal
proceed
procession
pro-slavery
response
tenant
transportation
ELEMENTARY LATIN
159
LESSON LXI
THE CONJUGATION OF POSSUM
376. The verb possum is a compound of the verb sum
and the adjective potis, able. The present system in the
indicative mood is as follows:
Present
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
Plural
377.
VOCABULARY
acies, -ei, p., line of battle
metus, -us, m., fear
collis, collis, m., hill
possum, posse, potui, be able,
conspicio, -ere, conspexi, concan
spectum, catch sight of, see redeo,1 -ire, -ii, -itum, return
instruo, -ere, instruxi, in- subducd, -ere, subduxi, sub
structure draw up, arrange
ductum, withdraw
EXERCISES
378. 1. Mllites quos ducis oppidum capere possunt. 2.
Eum videre poteram quod in colle erat. 3. In patriam snam
redlre poterit. 4. Me audlre potes. 5. Mons ex hac urbe
conspici potest. 6. Propter metum silvas non exploravl.
1 A compound of eo.
160
ELEMENTARY LATIN
The Blunder of Considius
Considius, hominibus in summo monte conspectls, perterritus est. Eos Romanos esse non cognovit et ad Caesarem
magna celeritate rediit. Caesar impetum timens suos in
collem proximum subdiixit. Acie Instructa Helvetios exspectabat. Homines autem quos Considius vlderat mllites Caesaris erant qui montem cum Labieno ascenderant.
379. 1. After drawing up the line of battle (abl. abs.)
Labienus will wait for Caesar. 2. The legions can repulse
the enemy. 3. Our friends could not help us. 4. Grain
cannot be sent. 5. The enemy having been repulsed, wo
can advance. 6. You can see the statue which stands on a hill.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Explain the use of the ablatives celeritate, line 7, and acie,
line 8, 378. (2) Conjugate reded in the past and future tenses of
the indicative active.
(3) Give a synopsis of instruo in the third
person singular, active and passive. (4) Decline collis.
(5) Decline
the phrase acies longa in the singular.
(0) Explain the derivation
of subdued.
(RESTORATION)
ELEMENTARY LATIN
161
LESSON LXII
PERSONAL PRONOUNS:
OBJECTIVE GENITIVE
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
ego
mel
mihi
me
me
Plural
nos
nostrum, nostrl
nobls
nos
nobls
Singular
tu
tul
tibi
te
le
Plural
vos
vestrum, vestrl
vobls
vos
vobls
162
382.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
ego, mei, I
lacesso, -ere, -ivi, -itum,
harass, attack
posterus, -a, -um, following,
the following, next
renuntio, -are, -avi, -atum,
bring back word, report
tu, tui, you
EXERCISES
383. 1. Ego in urbe, tu in oppido habitas. 2. Apud Germanos est metus tin. ,i. Frater meiis mihi hunc gladium
dedit. 4. Vos semper amavimus. 5. A me laudatus es. 6.
Exercitus eo die Genavam pervenlre non poterat.
Caesar Changes His Course
(1) Explain the reason for the use of the personal pronouns in sen
tence 1, 383. (2) Point out an example of the use of the objective
genitive in 383. (3) Point out two phrases in 384 which will be trans
lated by the objective genitive. (4) Give a synopsis of redeo in the
third person, singular and plural, active voice. (5) Conjugate possum
in the present tense.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
163
LESSON LXIII
REFLEXIVES:
CUM AS ENCLITIC
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
sui
sibi
se or sese
se or sese
Plural
sul
sibi
se or sese
se or sese
387. With the ablatives me, te, se, nobis, vobis, and regu
larly quibus, the preposition cum is used as an enclitic.
That is, it is added to the word as a final syllable.
mecum, with me.
tecum, with you, etc.
164
388.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
165
LESSON LXIV
PRESENT, PAST, AND FUTURE INFINITIVES OF
REGULAR VERBS
THE INFINITIVES OF THE FOUR CONJUGATIONS
ACTIVE
portarl, to be carried
portatus esse,
to have been carried
portatum lri,
to be about to be carried
moneri
monitus esse
monitum Irl
Pres. monere
Past monuisse
Fut. moniturus esse
III.
Pres. ducere
Past duxisse
Fut. ducturus esse
duel
ductus esse
ductum Irl
Pres. eapere
Past cepisse
Fut. captflrus esse
capl
i,aptus esse
captum Iri
IV.
Pres. audlre
Past audlvisse
Fut. audlturus esse
audlrl
audltus esse
audltum Irl
16&
ELEMENTARY LATIN
FORMATION OF THE INFINITIVES
(1) Indicate the stems of the infinitives in 393. (2) Point out
the difference between the future active infinitive and the past passive
infinitive. (3) Decline the personal pronouns of the first and second
persons. (4) Decline the reflexive pronoun of the third person.
1 It is called the supine. The forms of the supine will be given later (547).
ELEMENTARY LATIN
167
LESSON LXV
INFINITIVE WITH SUBJECT ACCUSATIVE: INFINITIVES OF
SUM AND EO
THE INFINITIVE WITH SUBJECT ACCUSATIVE
Pres. esse
Past fuisse
' Put. futurus esse or fore
Ire
isse (iisse)
itflrus esse
168
397.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
Helvetil sub collem successerunt atque proelium est commissum. Mllites Komanl pilis celeriter hostes perturbaverunt, deinde gladiis impetum in e6s fecerunt. Multls vulneratls (370), Helvetios reppulerunt, qui ad montem se receperunt (withdrew). Is mons circiter mllle passus aberat.
399. 1. "We see that the boys are walking. 2. The soldier
knows that the danger is great. 3. The leader hears that
the enemy are fleeing. 4. You found out that the book had
been sent. 5. The scout reported that the town had been
captured. 6. The man said that the island was large. 7.
Caesar heard that the Germans had crossed the river.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Give all the infinitives of committo and perturbo. (2) Explain
the case of longum in sentence 2, 398. (3) Give a synopsis of cedo in
the third person plural, active voice, indicative mood.
(4) Give
the principal parts of repello and recipid.
(5) Give the present
participles of the verbs in this lesson.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
169
ELEMENTARY LATIN
170
(1)
(2)
(.'!)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
if))
(10)
Ill)
(12)
|13)
Personal pronouns.
Reflexive pronouns.
The conjugation of possum.
The present participle.
The infinitives of the four conjugations.
The formation of adverbs.
The comparison of adverbs.
The genitive of description.
The objective genitive.
The ablative of description.
The ablative absolute.
The ablative of respect.
The infinitive with subject accusative.
commit
convert
egotism
instruction
interim
medium
proximity
veteran
LESSON LXVI
THE IMPERATIVE MOOD
ELEMENTARY LATIN
171
ACTIVE
I.
mone
monete
monere
monemini
III.
mitte
mittite
mittere
mittiminl
cape
capite
capere
capiminl
IV.
audl
audlte
audlre
audlmini
VOCABULARY
172
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
(1) Give the present active imperatives of the verbs in the vocab
ulary of this lesson. (2) Point out the difference between the active
imperatives of moneo and mitto in the singular. (3) Give the plural
of the present imperatives of dico, duco, and facio in the active.
(4) Give the passive imperatives of these verbs. (5) Compare the
adjective brevis, and decline its comparative.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
173
LESSON LXVII
THE CONJUGATION OF FEttS
PASSIVE
Singular
Plural
Singular
fero
fers
fert
ferimus
fertis
ferunt
feror
ferris
fertur
Plural
ferhnur
feriminl
feruntur
active .
ferebam
ferebas,
etc.
Future
active
passive
feram
ferar
feres,
fereris, -re
etc.
etc.
Past
passive
ferebar
ferebaris, -re,
etc.
PASSIVE
ferrl
latus esse
latum lrl
Imperatix rs
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
fer
ferte
ferre
feriminl
174
407.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
408. 1. Pert ; ferebat ; feret. 2. Confert ; confers ; conferebam. 3. Romanl bellum Gallis1 inferunt. 4. Mllites in
Gnum locum impedlmenta conferebant. 5. Bellum multa
perlcula fert. 6. Eo tempore multl clves perierunt et multl
alii ex urbe fugerunt. 7. Opus quod facis magnum est.
The Terms op Peace
ELEMENTARY LATIN
175
LESSON LXVIII
SYNOPSIS OF POSSUM AND FER6
fero
ferebam
feram
tuli
tuleram
tulero
possum
poteram
potero
potui
potueram
potuero
411.
VOCABULARY
176
ELKMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED drill
ELEMENTARY LATIN
177
LESSON LXIX
DEPONENT VERBS
II.
-ari
-eri
ill.
-i
IV.
-iri
conor
conaris, -re
conatur
Plural
conamur
conaminl
conantur
Singular
polliceor
polliceris, -re
pollicetur
Plural
pollicemur
pblliceminl
pollicentur
Past
conabamur
conabar
conabaris. -r( conabaminl
conabatur
conabantur
pollicebar
pollicebamur
pollicebaris, -re pollicebaininl
pollicebatur
pollicebantur
Future
conabor
cSnabimnr
conaberis, -re conabiminl
conabitur
conabuntnr
pollicebor
pollicebimur
polliceberis. -re pollicebiminl
pollicebitur
pollicebuntur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
178
Perfect
pollicitus sum
conatus sum
conatus cram
cSnatus ero
Sing, conare
Plur. conaminl
Pres. conaii
Past conatus esse
Fut. conaturus esse
Past Perfect
pollicitus eram
Future Perfect
pollicitus ero
Imperatives
pollicere
polliceminl
Infinitives
pollicerl
pollicitus esse
polliciturus esse
Participies
Pres. conans
pollicens
Past conatus, -a, -um
pollicitus. -a. -um
Fut. conaturus. -a, -um
polliciturus. -a. -tim
c. Deponents have the following active forms : the
present' and future participles, and the future infinitive.
They have also the future passive participle, used with
passive meaning. The past participle is usually active
in meaning, like the other forms: conatus, having tried.
Occasionally, however, it is used with passive meaning.
415.
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTAEY LATIN
179
EXERCISES
Postea pliires traductl erant et eo tempore magna multitudo eorum in Gallia erat. Cum hls Haedul saepe armis
contenderant sed victl erant et obsides dederant. Auxilium
antea non petierant quod supplicia ab Ariovisto verebantur.
Dlviciacus qui solus obsides non dederat Romam venerat et
auxilium a senatii Romano petlverat. Romanl autem auxilium
non tulerunt.
417. 1. The man does not try to defend himself. 2. No
one promised you a reward. 3. We cannot promise aid. 4.
The soldier protected his brother with his shield. 5. The
Sequani feared punishment from Aribvistus. 6. Why do
you fear danger ? 7. Fearing ; promising ; having feared ;
to have feared; to have promised.
suggested drill
(1) Conjugate vereor in the present indicative and the perfect
indicative. (2) Give a synopsis of conor and of polliceor in the third
person singular, giving English meanings. (3) Analyze verebantur,
indicating stem, tense sign, and personal endings. (4) Give a synop
sis of fer6 in the second person singular, active and passive. (5) Give
the infinitives of vereor.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
180
LESSON LXX
DEPONENT VERBS (Continued) : ABLATIVE WITH UTOR, ETC.
DEPONENT VERBS. (Continued)
Plural
sequimur
sequimmi
sequuntur
Singular
potior
potlris, -re
potltur
Plural
potlmur
potlminl
potiuntur
Past
sequebar
sequebamur
sequebaris, -re sequebaminl
sequebatur
sequebantur
potiebar
potiebamur
potiebaris, -re potiebaminl
potiebatur
potiebantur
Future
sequar
sequeris, -re
sequetur
sequemur
sequeminI
sequentur
potiar
potieris
potietur
Perfect
secutus sum
potltus sum
Past Perfect
secutus eram
potltus eram
potiemur
potieminl
potientur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
181
Future Perfect
potltus ero
secutus ero
Imperatives
potlre
potlminl
Sing, sequere
Plur. sequiminl
Infinitives
Pres. scqul
Past secutus esse
Fut. secuturus esse
potlrl
potltus esse
potlturus esse
Participies
Pres. sequens
Past secutus
Fut. secuturus
potiens
potltus
potlturus
VOCABULARY
182
ELEMENTARY LATIN
EXERCISES
421. 1. Hostes exercitum nostrum sequebantur. 2. Diutius sequi non potest. 3. Considius exploratoribus non usus
est. 4. Nostri castrls et impedlmentls hostium potltl sunt.
5. Exploratores secutus ad ingentem montem pervenit. 6.
Usus ; secutus ; utl ; potlrl ; sequi ; sequere.
The Condition of the Sequani
ELEMENTARY LATIN
183
VOCABULARY REVIEW
acies, -ei, P.
clvis, elvis, m. and f.
cliens, clientis, m.
collis, collis, m.
equitatus, -us, m.
latus, lateris, n.
metus, -us, M.
multitudo, -inis, f.
opus, operis, n.
prlncipatus, -us, m.
senatus, -us, m.
supplicium, -l, n.
ego, mel
tii, tul
brevis, -e
ingens, gen. ingentis
medius, -a, -um
posterus, -a, -um
veteranus, -a, -um
circiter
deinde
denique
etiam
postea
proxime
solum
424.
advent
brevity
civic
client
confer
contradict
infer
intellect
intelligent
lateral
multitude
operation
senate
sequence
sustain
use
ELEMENTARY LATIN
184
LESSON LXXI
DEPONENT VERBS (Continued):
PREDICATE NOMINATIVE
WITH PASSIVE VERBS
DEPONENT VERBS (Continued)
ingredior
ingrederis or ingredere
ingreditur
Plural
ingredimur
ingredimiiil
ingrediuntur
Past
ingrediebar
ingrediebaris or ingrediebare,
etc.
Future
ingrediar
iugredieris or ingrediere
etc.
Perfect
ingressus sum,
etc.
Past Perfect
ingressus eram,
etc.
Future Perfect
ingressus ero,
etc.
Infinitives
Participies
Imperative
Pres. ingredl
Pres. ingrediens Sing, ingredere
Past ingressus esse
Past ingressus
Plur. ingredimini
Put. ingressurus esse Fut. ingressurus
THE PREDICATE NOMINATIVE WITH CERTAIN PASSIVE VERBS
ELEMENTARY LATIN
1#5
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
186
ELEMENTARY LATIN
STREET OF POMPEII
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Conjugate COepI in the perfect and the past perfect of the
indicative. (2) Give a synopsis of ingredior in the second person
singular and the third person plural. (3) Name the verbs which take
their objects in the ablative. (4) Explain the case of Arar in sen
tence 3, 429. (5) Explain the case of Genavam in sentence 6, 429.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
187
LESSON LXXII
INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN: INTERROGATIVE PARTICLES
THE INTERROGATIVE PRONOUN
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
quis
cuius
eui
quem
quo
quid
cuius
cui
quid
quo
188
433.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Explain the derivation and the meaning of the English words
colloquy and querulous. (2) Explain the derivation of the Latin noun
responsum. (3) Compare the adverb insolenter (from the adjective
insolens). (4) Decline consulatus in the singular. (5) Decline the
relative pronoun.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
189
LESSON LXXIII
QUIDAM, QUISQUE:
IMPERSONAL VERBS
Neut.
quaedam
cuiusdam
cuidam
quandam
quadam
quoddam or quiddam
cuiusdam
cuidam
quoddam or quiddam
quodam
Mane.
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
quidam
cuiusdam
cuidam
quendam
quodam
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
quidam
quorundam
quibusdam
quosdam
quibusdam
quaedam
quarundam
quibusdam
quasdam
quibusdam
quaedam
quorundam
quibusdam
quaedam
quibusdam
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
quisque
cuiusque
cuique
quemque
quoque
Xeut.
quidque
cuiusque
cuique
quidque
quoque
190
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
191
SUGGESTED drill
(1) Decline together quldam civis. (2) Give all the forms of
oportet in the indicative. (3) Give the perfect infinitives of licet and
oportet. (4) Explain the case of amicum in sentence 2, and of domo
in sentence 8, 440. (5) Give the Latin noun with which the English
word riparian is connected in derivation, and explain its meaning in
the phrase riparian rights.
192
ELKMKNTARY LATIN
LESSON LXXTV
SEMI-DEPONENTS:
SEMI-DEPONENTS
Peep.
ausus sum
P. Perf. ausus eram
F. Perp. ausus ero
THE ENCLITIC -QUE
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
193
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Give a synopsis of soleo in the third person singular and plural
in the indicative. (2) Give a synopsis of fido in the first person
singular and the third person singular in the indicative. (3) Decline
prior. (4) Give the accusative singular and plural of quidam. (5)
Conjugate cingo in the perfect active and the past perfect passive of
the indicative.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
194
LESSON LXXV
ALIQUIS, QUISQUAM:
ABLATIVE OF CAUSE
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
aliquis or aliqul
alieuius
alicui
aliquem
aliquo
Fcm.
Neut.
aliqua
alieuius
alicui
aliquam
aliqua
aliquid or aliquod
alieuius
alicui
aliquid or aliquod
aliquo
Plural
Nom.
Gen.
Dat.
Ace.
Abl.
aliqul
aliquorum
aliquibus
aliquos
aliquibus
aliquae
aliquarum
aliquibus
aliquas
aliquibus
aliqua
aliquorum
aliquibus'
aliqua
aliquibus
Neut.
quisquam
cuiusquam
cuiquam
quemquam
quoquam
quicquam
cuiusquam
cuiquam
quiequam
quoquam
ELEMENTARY LATIN
195
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
196
ELEMENTARY LATIN
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
Interrogative pronouns.
The declension of quidam and quisque.
The declension of aliquis and quisquam.
Deponent verbs.
The conjugation of fero.
Semi-deponent verbs.
The imperative mood.
The predicate nominative w7ith passive verbs.
The ablative of cause.
The ablative with iitor, etc.
license
magnitude
memory
priority
querulous
respond
tabernacle
testament
timorous
ELEMENTARY LATIN
197
LESSON LXXVI
THE SUBJUNCTIVE: PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF FIRST AND
SECOND CONJUGATIONS
THE SUBJUNCTIVE MOOD
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
portem
portes
portet
portemus
portetis
portent
moneam
moneas
moneat
monefimus
moneatis
moneant
PASSIVE
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
porter
porteris, -re
portetur
portemur
porteminl
portentur
monear
monearis, -re
moneatur
moneamur
moneaminl
moneantur
198
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULAEY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTABY LATIN
199
SUGGESTED DRILL
LESSON LXXVII
CLAUSES OF PURPOSE: PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE OF THIRD
AND FOURTH CONJUGATIONS
CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
ELEMENTARY LATIN
200
461.L.
ACTIVE
Singular
ducam
ducas
ducat
capiam
capias
capiat
ducamus
diicatis
diicant
capiamus
capiatis
capiant
audiam
audias
audiat
Plural
audiamus
audiatis
audiant
PASSIVE
Singular
ducar
ducaris, -re
ducatur
capiar
capiaris, -re
capiatur
ducamur
ducaminl
ducantur
capiamur
capiaminl
capiantur
audiar
audiaris, -re
audiatur
Plural
audiamur
audiaminl
audiantur
VOCABULARY
462
pedes, peditis, m., foot soldier ;
adventus, -us, m., arrival, ap
pl., infantrymen, infantry
proach
proficiscor,
proficisci, profecgaudeo, gaudere, gavisus
tus
sum,
set
out
sum, rejoice
quintus, -a, -um, fifth
insidiae, -arum, p. pl., treach
ut, conj., that
ery, ambush
ne, conj., that not (in clauses uterque, utraque, utrumque,
each of two, each
of purpose)
ELEMENTARY LATIN
201
EXERCISES
463. 1. Uterque proficlscitur ut urbem capiat. 2. Unam
legionem relinquit ut locus muniatur. 3. Iter avertunt ut
copias RSmanas sequantur. 4. Aciem Instruit ut proelium
committat. 5. Auxilium implorant ne urbes incendantur.
6. Cum omnibus copils proficlscamur. 7. Caesar gavlsus est
quod Ariovistus colloquium postulaverat.
A Conference Is Arranged
Cognito Caesaris adventu, Ariovistus legatos ad eum mlsit
ut colloquium postularent. Dies colloquio constitutus est
ex eo die qulntus. Uterque ad colloquium cum equitatu et
sine peditibus venit quod Ariovistus dlxit se vereri Insidias.
Sed Caesar decimam legionem pro equitatu duxit quod
equitatul fidem non habebat.
464. 1. He sends envoys in order to demand (that he may
demand) a conference. 2. He remains in the city to see his
friend. 3. He sends the soldiers that the town may be de
fended. 4. He brings (leads) the legion that he may not be
surrounded (circumvenire) through treachery. 5. Let us
bring the cavalry and one legion with us (387).
SUGGESTED DRILL
202
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON LXXVIII
RELATIVE CLAUSES OF PURPOSE: PRESENT SUBJUNCTIVE
OF SUM AND POSSUM
BELATIVE CLAUSES OF PURPOSE
Plural
Singular
Plural
sim
slmus
sltis
sint
possim
possls
possit
posslmus
possltis
possint
sls
sit
467.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
468. 1. HomS mittitur qul sit dux exercitus. 2. Exercitum dlvidit ut hostes circumvenlre possit. 3. Legionem
in castrls relinquit quae hostes repellat. 4. Legatos mittet
qul eadem postulent. 5. Sint omnes fortes.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
203
Ariovistus Is Defiant
SUGGESTED DRILL
ROMAN HELMETS
ELEMENTARY LATIN
204
LESSON LXXIX
SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES WITH VERBS OF DESIRE:
SUBJUNCTIVE
PAST
II.
portarem
portares
portaret
monerem
moneres
moneret
III.
ducerem
duceres
duceret
IV.
eaperem
caperes
caperet
audlrem
audlres
audlret
Plural
ELEMENTARY LATIN
205
PASSIVE
Singular
portarer
portareris
or
portarere
portaretur
monerer
monereris
or
monerere
moneretur
dueerei
ducereris
or
ducerere
dueeretur
caperer
capereris
or
caperere
caperetur
audlrer
audlreris
or
audlrere
audlretur
Plural
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
473. 1. El persuadet ut decedat. 2. El persuasit ut decederet. 3. ESs hortatur ut impetum sustineant. 4. Caesar
legionem hortatus est ut impetum hostium fortiter sustineret. 5. Mllitem ad amicum mlsit qul eum hortaretur ut
venlret.
206
ELEMENTARY LATIN
A Treacherous Attack
CAESAR'S TRIUMPH
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
207
LESSON LXXX
SUBJUNCTIVE OF FERO AND EO:
SUBJUNCTIVE
ANTICIPATORY
475.
Present
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
Singular
Plural
Singular
feram
feras
ferat
i'eramus
feratis
ferant
ferar
feraris or ferare
feratur
Plural
feramur
feramini
ferantur
Past
ACTIVE
Singular
ferrem
ferres
ferret
PASSIVE
Plural
ferremus
i'erretis
ferrent
Singular
Plural
ferrer
i'erreris o,r ferrere
ferretur
Present
ferremur
ferreminl
ferrentur
Past
Singular
Plural
Singular
Plural
CH 111
eamus
eatis
eant
Ireni
Ires
Iret
Iremus
Iretis
Irent
eas
eat
208
477.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
Eodem die Ariovistus castra movit et sex mllibns passuum a Caesaris castrls consedit. Postrldie .castra ultra
Caesarem fecit ut eum commeatu intercluderet.
Caesar
aciem Instruxit sed Ariovistus suSs castris (in camp) continuit, neque proelium commisit. Equites autem Germanorum cum equitatu_ Romanorum proelio contendebant.
479. 1. The Germans waited until Caesar should move
camp. 2. We seized the camp before the enemy fled. 3.
The soldiers will set out to bring aid. 4. The centurion
urged the legion to go by this road (that it should go, etc.).
5. Ariovistus restrained his men until the Romans should
move their camp.
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
209
VOCABULARY REVIEW
adventus, -us, m.
commeatus, -us, m.
consulatus, -us, m.
cupiditas, -tatis, f.
facultas, -tatis, f.
Insidiae, -arum, f. pl.
lapis, lapidis, M.
mens, mentis, f.
pedes, peditis, m.
postulatum, -I, n.
rlpa, -ae, f.
tabernaculum, -l, n.
testamentum, -l, n.
timor, timoris, m.
iisus, -us, m.
paratus, -a, -um
prior, prius
arroganter
eo
lnsol enter
it a
paene
postridie
praecipuo
vehementer
481.
arrogantly
comprehend
contain
cupidity
aliquis, aliquid
quldam, quaedatn, quoddam
quis? quid?
quisquam, quicquam
quisque, quidque
uterque, utraque, utrumque
appello, -are, -avl, -atum
audeo, -ere, ausus sum
cingo, -ere, clnxl, eInctum
coepl, coepisse, coeptum
colloquor, colloqul, collocutus sum
contineo, -ere, continul, contentum
doceo, -ere, docul, doctum
gaudeo, -ere, gavlsus sum
glorior, -an, gloriatus sum
hortor, -arl, hortatus sum
impero, -are, -avl, -atum
ingredior, ingredl, ingressus sum
licet, licere, licuit
loquor, loqul, locutus sum
oportet, -ere, oportuit
patior, patl, passus sum
queror, querl. questus sum
reduco, -ere, rediixl, reductum
soleo, -ere, solitus sum
docile
exhort
imperative
insidious
loquacious
mental
reduce
vehemently
210
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON LXXXI
PAST SUBJUNCTIVE OF SUM AND POSSUM: RESULT
CLAUSES
THE PAST SUBJUNCTIVE OF SUM AND POSSUM
essom
esses
esset
Plural
Singular
Plural
essemus
esset is
essent
possem
posses
posset
possemus
possetis
possent
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
211
EXERCISES
485. 1. Tam celeriter mllites eastra undique circumvenerunt ut nemo fugere posset. 2. Puerl tam dlligenter labora,verunt ut multl eos laudarent. 3. Illls hominibus persuasimus ut nobis amlcl essent. 4. Legio pervenlre contendebat
priusquam oppidum expugnaretur. 5. Mllites ita acriter
pugnaverunt ut omnes hostes fugerent.
The Romans Fortify Another Camp
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
212
LESSON LXXXII
PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE:
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
portaverim
porta verls
portaverit
IV.
III.
monuerim
monuerls
monuerit
diixerim
duxerls
diixerit
audlverim
audlverls
audlverit
Plural
portaverlmus
portaverltis
portaverint
monuerlmus
monuerltis
monuerint
diixerimus
diixerltis
dtixerint
audlverlmus
audlverltis
audlverint
monitus sim
monitus sls,
etc.
ductus sim
audltus sim
ductus sis,
audltus sls,
etc.
etc.
INDIRECT QUESTIONS
(Direct, Cur
ELEMENTARY LATIN
490.
213
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
Caesar duas legiones in castris minoribus reliquit ne eommeatu prohiberetur. Reliquos in castra maiora reduxit.
Ariovistus statim partem copiarum misit quae impetum in
eas legiones faceret. Acriter ad vesperum pugnatum est
(438, a), sed Germanl repulsl sunt. Tum demum Ariovistus
omnes copias eduxit ut proelio decertaret.
492. 1. We know who has heard this. 2. The man asks
who has promised a reward. 3. No one thinks that the
enemy are brave. 4. The leader knows who has captured
the town. 5. We shall find out where you have been. 6. The
camp was so placed that the soldiers could see the bank of
the river.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Conjugate possum in the perfect indicative and the perfect sub
junctive. (2) Conjugate fero in the perfect subjunctive, active and
passive. (3) Give a synopsis of confido in the third person singular
of the indicative. (4) Explain the mood of mlserit in sentence 2,
and of posset in sentence 6, 491. (5) Explain the mood of faceret,
line 10, 491, and of decertaret, line 12, 491.
ELKMENTARY LATIN
214
LESSON LXXXIII
PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE
THE PAST PERFECT SUBJUNCTIVE, ACTIVE VOICE
II.
III.
IV.
portavissem
portavisses
portavisset
monuissem
monuisses
monuisset
duxissem
duxisses
diixisset
audlvissem
audlvisses
audlvisset
Plural
portavissemus monuissemus
portavissetis
monuissetis
portavissent
monuissent
duxissemus
duxissetis
duxissent
audlvissemus
audlvissetis
audlvissent
II.
III.
IV.
audltus essem
audltus esses.
etc.
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
215
EXERCISES
496. 1. Puer quaesivit cur amicus suus auxilium postulavisset. 2. Legatus repperit cur mllites urbem non defendissent. 3. Crassus auxilium tulit ne ea pars repelleretur. 4.
Tam celeriter proeurrerunt ut statim comminus pugnaretur.
5. Centurio locum castrls (for a camp) delegit qul idoneus
videbatur.
A Hard-Fought Battle
(1) Give a synopsis of pugno and of porto in the third person sin
gular, active voice, in the indicative and the subjunctive. (2) Give
the tense signs of the past perfect indicative, the perfect subjunctive,
and the past perfect subjunctive in the active voice. (3) Explain the
mood of repelleretur in sentence 3, 496. (4) Decline in the singular
the words cornu dextrum.
216
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON LXXXIV
INDIRECT DISCOURSE
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
217
EXERCISES
501. 1. Nuntius dlcit hostes oppidum munlre quod impetum timeant. 2. Labienus cognoverat eas legiones quae
trans flumen essent in perlculo magnS esse. 3. Considius
reniintiavit Gallos eum montem tenere ad quem Labienus
profeetus esset. 4. Ariovistus dlxit se bellum gerere quod
Galll se oppugnavissent. 5. In ea regione diu remansI
Rout of the Germans
(1) Indicate the base of the nouns regio and salus. (2) Give the
three stems of the verb verto. (3) Give the principal parts of
proficiscor and of reperio. (4) Conjugate absum in the past indicative
and past subjunctive. (5) Give all the infinitives of premo, active
and passive.
218
ELKMKNTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
219
LESSON LXXXV
INDIRECT DISCOURSE (Continued) : EO (Completed)
INDIRECT DISCOURSE (Continued)
505.
Participles
Pres. iens (gen. euntis)
Past itum
Fut. iturus
Infinitives
Pres. ire
Past Isse (iisse)
Fut. iturus esse
VOCARULARY
EXERCISES
506. 1. Centurio oppido1 praefectus est. 2. Labienus centurionem oppido praefecit. 3. Caesar vidit Belgas exercitum conduxisse. 4. Omnes exlstimabant hostes impetum
1 See 324.
220
ELEMENTARY LATIN
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
The
The
The
The
The
The
ELEMENTARY LATIN
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
221
pecuniary
perfect
pressure
remain
requisition
salutary
servitude
sinister
version
vespers
LESSON LXXXVI
TENSES OF SUBJUNCTIVE IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES:
DESCRIPTIVE CLAUSES OF SITUATION
TENSES IN SUBORDINATE CLAUSES
222
ELEMENTARY LATIN
main verb. The perfect and past perfect denote acts com
plete at the time of the main verb.
a. If the main verb is a perfect which is equivalent
to an English present perfect, the dependent subjunc
tive is sometimes present or perfect.
b. A result clause occasionally has its verb in the
perfect after a main tense of past time.
DESCRIPTIVE CLAUSES OF SITUATION
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMKNTABY LATIN
223
(RESTORATION)
(1) Conjugate sum and possum in the past perfect indicative and
the past perfect subjunctive. (-) Give a synopsis of possum in the
third person, singular and plural, of the indicative and subjunctive.
(3) Give the infinitives of exeo and transeo, (4) Explain the mood
of coniuravissent in sentence 4, and of flereut in sentence 6, 513.
(5) Conjugate occidd in the perfect subjunctive, active voice.
224
ELEMENTARY LATIN
LESSON LXXXVII
CONJUGATION OF Fid: SUBSTANTIVE CLAUSES OF FACT
THE CONJUGATION OF FIO
ELEMENTARY LATIN
517.
225
VOCABULARY
22G
ELEMENTARY LATIN
place is dangerous.
Remi sent envoys.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Decline the phrase rSs friimentaria (used only in the singular).
(2) Give the Latin noun from which the adjective frumentarius is
"derived. (3) Conjugate the verb petd in the perfect and the past per
fect subjunctive passive. (4) Explain the case of dux in sentence 2,
518. (o) Explain the mood of duceret, line 7, 518.
LESSON LXXXVTTI
CUM CAUSAL CLAUSES:
GENITIVE OF MATERIAL
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN"
227
EXERCISES
Dlxerunt se paratos esse obsides dare et Romanos frumento iuvare. De hls rebus quae apud Belgas flebant, et de
numero quem quaeque clvitas ad hoc bellum pollicita erat
Caesarem certiorem fecerunt. Caesar 3ls Hberaliter respondit et obsides eorum accepit. Dlviciacum Haeduum hortatus
est ut copiae Haeduorum in flnes Belgarum ducerentur.
524. 1. Since Ariovistus remained in camp, Caesar led
back "his forces to the town. 2. Since the scouts are not
present, we shall send three soldiers. 3. A multitude of
Gauls and Germans were killed in flight. 4. The road was
so narrow that a few could defend it. 5. When the first
ranks had crossed, the rest followed at once.
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
228
LESSON LXXXIX
CONJUGATION OF VOLO: CUM ADVERSATIVE CLAUSES
THE IRREGULAR VERB VOLO
Its
Present
Indicativt
Subjunc tiue
Singular
Plural
Singular
Tlural
volo
vult
volumus
vult is
volunt
velim
vells
velit
vellmus
velltis
velint
volebam
vol ("bas
volebat
volebamus
volebatis
volebant
veliem
velles
vellet
vellemus
velletls
vellent
volam
voles
volet
volemus
voletis
volent
volul
voluimus
voluerim
voluerlmus
volueram
Past Perfect
volueramus
volui.ssem
voluero
Future Perfect
voluerimus
vis
Past
Future
Perfect
Participle
volens
Pres.
velle
voluissemus
Infinitives
Past
voluisse
ELEMENTARY LATIN
229
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
230
ELEMENTARY LATIN
(1) Give the derivation of the English words extreme, tardy, and
proposition. (2) Give the Latin adjective from which the noun
difficultas is derived. (3) Explain the case of homini in sentence 5,
528. (4) Give the principal parts of volebant and confidamus. (5)
Explain the mood of confideret in sentence 5, 528.
LESSON XC
CONJUGATION OF NOLO: CLAUSES OF FEAK
CONJUGATION OF NOLO
Its
ELEMENTARY LATIN
632.
231
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
232
VOCABULARY REVIEW
aedificium, -I, n.
difficultas, -tatis, f.
libertas, -tatis, f.
onus, oneris, n.
ordo, ordinis, m.
pabulum, -l, n.
pecunia, -ae, f.
regio, -onis, f.
saliis, salutis, f.
servitus, -tutis, F.
tergum, -I, n.
uxor, uxoris, f.
valles, vallis, f.
vesper, vesperl, m.
eiterior, citerius
dexter, -tra. -tram
extremus, -a, -um
firmus, -a, -um
frumentarius, -a, -um
gravis, grave
idoneus, -a, -um
incolumis, incolume
propinquus, -a, -um
sinister, -tra, -trum
tantus, -a, -um
ulterior, ulterius
53g_
certain
difficulty
extreme
grave
merit
ordinal
propinquity
propose
tardy
ulterior
valley
volition
ELEMENTARY LATIN
233
LESSON XCI
FUTURE PASSIVE PARTICIPLE:
DATIVE OF AGENT
II.
monendus
III.
ducendus
eapiendus
IV.
audiendus
VOCABULARY
234
KLKMKNTAHY LATIN
EXERCISES
SUGGESTED drill
ELEMENTARY LATIN
235
LESSON XCII
CONJUGATION OF MALO: GENITIVE OF OBJECT
THE CONJUGATION OF mAlO
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
545. 1. Caesar veterum iniuriarum Helvetiorum reminlseebatur. 2. Pristinae virtutis eorum non oblltus est. 3.
Has condiciones pacis non acceperunt quod in llbertate
manere malebant. 4. Domo exlre mavult quod numquam
domi contentus fuit.
5. Semper perlculorum eius belll
meminero. 6. Copiae Instruendae sunt et proelium committendum est.
236
ELEMENTARY LATIN
The Belgians Disperse
Cum Belgae magnam copiam rel frumentariae non haberent, in eo loco non diu remanere poterant. Itaque conciliS
convocato, domum redlre constituerunt. Secunda vigilia
castrls egressl sunt. Cum quisque prlmum locum itineris
peteret, fecerunt ut RomanI eos fugere exlstimarent.
546. 1. The Romans remembered the victory of the Hel
vetians. 2. On that day Caesar preferred to refrain from
battle. 3. Labienus did not forget the flight of the cavalry
of the Gauls. 4. The Belgians remembered the liberty in
which their fathers had lived (remained). 5. The soldiers
seemed to fear the Germans.
SUGGESTED drill
(1) Conjugate volo, nd1d, and maid, in the present indicative and
the present subjunctive. (2) Give the future passive participles of
egredior and conroco. (3) Explain the case of virtutis in sentence 2,
and of domo in sentence 4, 545. (4) Conjugate egredior and obliviscor
in the present indicative.
(5) Conjugate memini in the perfect
subjunctive.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
237
LESSON xcni
THE SUPINE: PLACE CONSTRUCTIONS
THE SUPINE
ii.
portatum
portatu
monitum
monitu
m.
ductum
ductu
iv.
captum
captu
audltum
audltu
238
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
239
SUGGESTED DRILL
CIRCUS MAXIMUS
ELEMKNTARY LATIN
240
LESSON XCIV
THE GERUND
II.
Gen. portandl
Dat. portandS
Ace. portandum
Abl. portando
monendl
monendS
monendum
monendS
III.
ducendl
ducendo
ducendum
ducendo
IV.
audiendl
audiendS
audiendum
audiendo
ELEMENTARY LATIN
241
554.
VOCABULARY
242
ELEMENTABY LATIN
EXERCISES
Obsidibus acceptls Caesar els pepereit et in fines Bellovacorum profectus est. Cum ad oppidum eorum accessisset,
puerl feminaeque ex muro maims panderunt, et pacem
imploraverunt. Pro hls Dlviciacus Haeduus locutus est.
Caesar eis quoque pepereit sed magnum numerum obsidum
poposcit. Hls datls et armls traditls ab eo loco in llnes
Ambianorum pervenit qul se sine mora dediderunt.
556. 1. They have hope of capturing the city. 2. The
enemy prepared everything for making an attack (for attack
ing). 3. I have this army for the purpose of carrying on
war. 4. The Belgians preferred to return home. 5. You
cannot help your friend by pleading (implorare). 6. Caesar
protected the Bellovaci because he thought this was best
(to do).
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Point out the gerunds in sentences 1-6, 555. (2) Give the
gerunds of habco and moror. (3) Give the past infinitives, active and
passive, of dedo. (4) Explain the case of obsidibus and of eis, line
5, 555. (5) Give the principal parts of patior and of pando.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
243
LESSON XCV
THE GERUNDIVE:
ORDINAL NUMERALS
ELEMENTABY LATIN
244
Gerundive
A participle
Passive
All genders
Both numbers
ORDINAL NUMERALS
559.
primus,
secundus,
tertius,
quartus,
qulntus,
sextus,
Septimus,
octavus,
nonus,
decimus,
Gndecimus,
duodecimus,
tertius decimus,
quartus decimus,
qulntus decimus,
sextus decimus,
Septimus decimus,
duodevlcesimus,
undevlcesimus,vlcesimus,
first
second
third
fourth
fifth
sixth
seventh
eighth
ninth
tenth
eleventh
twelfth
thirteenth
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
nineteenth
twentieth
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
245
EXERCISES
ProximI his erant Nervii qul maxime ferl inter eos exlstimabantur. Ill trans Sabim consederant ibique adventum
Romanorum exspectabant. Una cum his erant duae gentes
flnitimae quae eandem fortunam belll experlrl volebant. Hls
rebus cognitls Caesar centuriones exploratoresque praemlsit
qul locum castrls (196) deligerent.
562. 1. The cohort was left in the town for the purpose
of defending the townspeople. 2. We shall send a legion to
capture the town (ad with gerundive phrase). 3. By throw
ing stones we drove back the enemy who were crossing the
river. 4. Orgetorix will be chosen to accomplish these things.
5. The Nervii set out that they might try the fortune of war.
SUGGESTED DRILL
(1) Point out the gerundives in 561. (2) Give the gerunds of
capio.
(3) State whether capiendi in sentence 1, 561, is a gerund
or a gerundive, and give proof. (4) Give a synopsis of iacio in the
third person plural. (5) Conjugate possum in the past indicative and
the past subjunctive.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
246
(1)
(2)
(3)
(4)
(5)
(6)
(7)
(8)
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
fortune
incredible
moratorium
oblivion
opinion
pristine
S&Zi
reminiscence
second
solar
subsequent
tempest
vigil
ELEMENTARY LATIN
247
LESSON XCVI
REVIEW OF PARTICIPLES :
NEGATIVE COMMANDS
REVIEW OF PARTICIPLES
PASSIVE
portans
monens
ducens
capiens
audiens
Past
ACTIVE
PASSIVE
portatus
monitus
ductus
captus
audltus
Future
active
passive
portaturus portandus
moniturus monendus
ductiirus
ducendus
captiirus
capiendus
audlturus audiendus
248
567.
ELEMENTABY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
249
LESSON XCVII
CONDITIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: NON-COMMITTAL
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES
250
572.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
(1) Explain the meaning and the derivation of the English words
latent and transgress. (2) Give the rules for the use of moods and
tenses in indirect discourse. (3) State what the difference is between
the English and the Latin usage in regard to conjunctions introducing
indirect discourse. (4) Give the method of expressing negative com
mands. (5) Give the past and future infinitives of transgredior.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
251
LESSON XCVIII
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES CONTRARY TO FACT:
REVIEW OF CASES WITH PREPOSITIONS
CONDITIONAL SENTENCES, CONTRAST TO FACT
252
578.
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULABY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
253
Roman Discipline
LESSON XCIX
FUTURE LESS VIVID CONDITIONAL SENTENCES:
ISTE
254
ELEMENTARY LATIN
Fern.
Neut.
iste
istlus
ista
istlus
istud
istlus, etc.
VOCABULARY
EXERCISES
ELEMENTARY LATIN
255
(1) Explain the mood of possent in sentence 3, 584. (2) State what
form of conditional sentences is illustrated by 2 and 4, 584. (3) Con
jugate revertor in the present indicative and the perfect indicative.
LESSON C
FUTURE IMPERATIVE:
SUBJUNCTIVE BY ATTRACTION
2. portato
3. portato
moneto
moneto
mittito
mittito
capito
capito
audlto
audlto
capitote
capiunto
audltote
audiunto
Plural
2. portatote
3. portanto
monetote
monento
mittitote
mittunto
ELEMENTARY LATIN
256
PASSIVE
Singular
2. portator
3. portator
monetor
monetor
mittitor
mittitor
capitor
capitor
audltor
audltor
capiuntor
audiuntor
Plural
2. [Lacking]
3. portantor
monentor
mittuntor
VOCABULARY
ELEMENTARY LATIN
257
EXERCISES
Tum Caesar scutum cepit et ipse in prlmam aciem processit. Centuriones mllitesque cohortatus est. Eius adventus
spem mllitibus intulit et impetus hostium paulum tardatus
est. Eodem tempore Labienus, qul advenerat, auxilium mlsit
et omnes hostes fugatl sunt. Postea el qul supererant se
dediderunt. Eo bellS confecto AtuatucI qul socil Nervioruni
fuerant Caesarl resistere conatl sunt. Sed oppidum eorum
captum est et paene omnes servl factl sunt. Tum Caesar
legiones in hibernls reliquit atque in Italiam profectus est.
590. 1. They came to the camp because they wished to
beg for peace. 2. "We sent them away because we did not
trust them (dative). 3. Remember that your fathers were
brave men. 4. Be assured (know) that the danger is not
great.
SUGGESTED DRILL
ELEMENTARY LATIN
258
VOCABULARY REVIEW
agmen, agminis, n.
cohors, cohortis, F.
incursus, -us, m.
necessitas, -tatis, f.
opinio, -6nis, p.
ratio, -onis, f.
robur, roboris, n.
sol, solis, m.
tempestas, -tatis, P.
vigilia, -ae, f.
cupidus, -a, -um
exercitatus, -a, -um
ineredibilis, -e
mllitaris, -e
plenus, -a, -um
prlstinus, -a, -um
secundus, -a, -um
silvestris, -e
superior, superius
cotldie
paulum
subito
umquam
una
nisi
592.
act
agent
close
cogent
efficient
expedite
latent
necessity
nude
rational
retard
revert
superior
transgress
verge
260
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
'
261
262
ELEMENTARY LATIN
Wars of the Early Republic
10
i5
zo
25
ELEMENTARY LATIN
263
264
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
265
266
ELEMENTARY LATIN
KLEMENTARY LATIN
267
268
ELEMENTARY LATIN
NOTES
Eutropius was a Roman historian who wrote in the latter part of the
fourth century A. D. His book, which was called Breviarium ab XJrbe
Condita, was a brief history of Rome from the founding of the city to
the year 364 a. d.
Page 259, 1. 1. imperium, state (literally authority).
qui Rheae Silviae, etc., order for translation, qui erat filius Rheae
Silviae, Vestalis virginis, et (quantum putatus est) Martis.
2. quantum putatus est, as it was believed (literally, as he was
thought).
3. decem et octo annos natus, at the age of eighteen years (literally,
having been born eighteen years; annos is accusative of duration of
time.
4. Palatino monte, the Palatine Hill, one of the seven hills of Rome.
5. anno trecentesimo, etc., according to the common legend Rome
was founded in the year 753 B. c. Some authorities give 754.
6. Condita civitate, after he had founded the city, when the city was
founded (literally with the city founded, ablative absolute).
7. haec fere egit, his further achievements were about as follows
(he did about these things).
8. quorum . . . ageret, by whose advice he should act in all matters
(should do everything) ; a relative clause of purpose.
10. cum, since.
uxores, object of haberent.
12. Commotis bellis, when war broke out, ablative absolute.
propter raptarum iniuriam, a genitive modifying the object of a
preposition often stands between the preposition and the object.
14. Sabinos, in apposition with the three proper names preceding.
The towns whose inhabitants are referred to were Sabine towns. The
other two towns (Fidenae and Veii) were Etruscan towns.
15. non comparuisset, had disappeared.
17. consecratus (est), was deified.
Romae, locative case.
per quinos dies, for five days each.
269
270
ELEMENTARY LATIN
NOTES
271
272
ELEMENTARY LATIN
regnatum est per septem reges, the reigns of seven kings lasted.
The verb is impersoual. The use of per septem reges is like that of
per filios, lino 22, p. 260.
16. annis, the use of the ablative instead of the accusative to
express duration is irregular.
cum, although.
17. ubi plurimum, at its greatest extent (where most).
18. possideret, exercised authority.
19. Hinc cdnsules coepere, after this the consulship was established.
coepere, the ending -erunt is more frequently used than -ere in
the third person plural of the perfect, but some writers use both.
duo, in apposition with cdnsules.
20. mains, may here be translated troublesome to the state.
voluisset. subjunctive by attraction.
eum, object of coerceret.
21. placuit ne haberent, it was thought best that they should not
hold (it was pleasing that, etc.)
22. ne redderentur, that they might not become (be rendered).
23. civiles, of the character of citizens.
24. qui scirent, since they knew.
se futuros esse privatos, indirect discourse.
25. ab expulsis regibus, after the expulsion of the kings.
26. maxime egerat ut Tarquinius pelleretur, had been especially
active in bringing about the expulsion of Tarquinius.
27. Lucretiae, she was the victim of the crime which had been
the cause of the uprising against Tarquinius.
Tarquinid Collatino, from Tarquinius Collatinus. The case is the
same as that of Isdem, line 20, p. 260.
28. ne quisquam, that no one.
30. loco ipsius, in his place.
31. consul, predicate nominative with factus est.
Page 262, L 1. urbi, dative of reference with the phrase bellum
commovit.
RSmae, dative, in apposition with urbi.
3. restitui, present passive infinitive.
4. in vicem se occiderunt, killed each other.
7. luxerunt, from lugeo.
9. patrem, in apposition with Sp. Lucretlum Tricipitinum.
quo . . . mortuo, and when he (Tricipitinus) fell ill and died, ablative
absolute.
10. collegam sibi, as his colleague, sibi in line 10, and also in line 8,
is dative of reference.
NOTES
273
274
ELEMENTARY LATIN
NOTES
275
25. nee Pompeium scire vincere, that Pompey did not know how to
conquer.
27. Palaeopharsalum, the town is usually called Pharsalus.
Page 267, 1. 1. fuissent, subjunctive in a relative descriptive clause.
2. non Integra, not quite (not entire).
3. Numquam . . . subacturae, never before had larger or more skil
fully commanded Soman forces met, forces which might easily have
subdued the whole world. The employment of the future active par
ticiple here is not according to the best Latin usage. The negatives
neque . . . neque do not destroy the effect of the preceding nega
tive, numquam.
5. ducerentur, a somewhat irregular use of a condition. It is
in sense contrary to fact in past time (had been led), but the form
suggests merely anticipation from a past point of view.
6. Pugnatum est ingenti contentione, the battle was fought with
great stubbornness.
victus, supply est.
10. Qui, he.
fortunam magis quam amicitiam secutus, having regard for his own
fortunes rather than for friendship.
11. Quo conspecto, at the sight.
13. generi, Pompey had married Caesar's daughter, but she had
died before the beginning of the civil war.
14. Ipsi parare voluit insidias, wished to deal treacherously with
hirn. Ipsi is a dative of reference.
16. Victus peritt, he was defeated and lost his life.
17. Alexandria, ablative with potior.
18. Pharnacen, object of vicit; rebellantem and occupantem agree
with Pharnacen. It was after this battle that Caesar sent the famous
message vfini, vidi, vici.
21. ad mortem coegit, Eutropius implies that Caesar compelled
Pharnaces to commit suicide. But other historians say that he was
killed by one of his generals.
24. ei dictatori, when he (Caesar) was dictator; ei is a dative of
reference and dictatori is in apposition with it.
ante annum, a year before.
26. infinita nobilitas, a great many of the nobles (who had fled
from Eome).
Page 268, 1. 6. Post annum, a year later.
9. ultimum, supply proe?ium.
10. adeo paene, so nearly.
11, fugientibus suis, when his men began to flee, ablative absolute.
276
ELEMENTARY LATIN
ELEMENTARY LATIN
277
278
ELEMENTARY LATIN
(4) Nouns formed with the ending -lus (-ulus, -ellus, -illus) are
diminutives; that is, they indicate a small object. The ending is
really an adjective ending, but most of the words thus derived have
come to be used as nouns:
i
ELEMENTAEY LATIN
279
280
ELEMENTARY LATIN
APPENDIX
281
APPENDIX
SUMMABY OF DECLENSIONS AND CONJUGATIONS
NOUNS
FIBST DECLENSION, a-stems
SINGULAR
Norn,
Gen.
Bat.
Ace.
Abl.
2.
PLURAL
rosa
rosae
rosae
rosam
rosa
rosae
rosarum
rosis
rosas
rosis
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
amicus
amici
amico
amicum
amico
puer
pueri
puero
puerum
puero
ager
agri
agro
agrum
agro
vir
viri
viro
virum
viro
templum
templi
templo
templum
templo
viri
viro rum
viris
viros
viris
templa
templorum
templis
templa
templis
PLURAL
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
amici
amicorum
amicis
amicos
amicis
pueri
puerorum
pueris
pueros
pueris
agri
agrorum
agris
agros
agris
Note. The vocative singular of -us nouns ends in -e: amice. The
genitive singular and the vocative singular of filius and of proper
nouns in -ius end in -I: fill.
3.
THIRD DECLENSION
A.
Consonant Stems
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
lex
legis
legi
legem
lege
miles
militis
militl
militem
milite
frater
fratris
fratri
fratrem
fratre
homo
hominis
homini
hominem
homine
ELEMENTARY LATIN
282
PLURAL
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
leges
legum
legibus
leges
legibus
milites
militum
militibus
milites
militibus
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
(lumen
fluminis
flflmini
flumen
flumine
caput
capitis
capiti
caput
capite
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
flfimina
flumiimm
fluminibus
flfimina
fluminibus
capita
eapitum
capitibus
capita
capitibus
fratres
fratrum
fratribus
fratres
fratribus
homines
hominum
hominibus
homines
hominibus
corpus
corporis
corpori
corpus
corpore
iter
itineris
itineri
iter
itinera
corpora
corporum
corporibus
corpora
corporibus
itinera
itinerum
itineribus
itinera
itineribus
ignis
ignis
igni
ignem
igni or -e
turris
turris
turri
turrim or -em
turri or -e
ignes
ignium
ignibus
ignis or -es
ignibus
turres
turrium
turribus
turris or -es
turribus
SINQULAB
PLURAL
B.
1-stems
SINOULAU
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
hostis
liostis
hosti
hostem
hoste
caedes
caedis
caedi
caedem
caeile
X.
G.
1).
Ac.
Ab.
hostes
hostium
hostibus
hostis or -es
hostibus
caedes
caedium
caedibus
caedis or -es
caedibus
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
insigne
insignis
insigni
insigne
insigni
PLURAL
SINOULAB
calcar
calearis
calcari
calcar
calcari
animal
animalis
animalI
animal
animal!
APPENDIX
283
FLURAI.
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
insignia
insignium
insignibus
insignia
insignibus
C.
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
Mixed Stems
PLURAL
urbs
urbis
urbi
urbem
urbe
urbes
urbium
urbibus
urbes or -is
urbibus
D.
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
animalia
animalium
animalibus
animalia
animalibus
calcaria
calcarium
calcaribus
calcaria
calcaribus
vires
virium
viribus
viris or -es
viribus
vim
vi
gentes
gentium
gentibus
gentes or -is
gentibus
Irregular Nouns
FLU HAL
vis
gens
gentis
genti
gentem
gente
SINGULAR
bos
bovis
bovi
bovem
bove
PLURAL
boves
boum
bubus or bobus
boves
bubus or bobus
y.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
exercitus
exercitvis
exercitui or -u
exercitum
exercitu
PLURAL
exercitus
exercituum
exercitibus
exercitus
exercitibus
SINGULAR
N.
G.
n.
Ac.
Ab.
Loc.
domus
domus
domui or domo
domum
domu or domo
domi
SINGULAR
PLURAL
cornfi
corniis
cornu
cornu
cornu
cornua
cornuum
cornibus
cornua
cornibus
PLURAL
domus
domuum ior domorum
domibus
domus or domos
domibus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
284
5.
AT.
G.
1).
Ac.
Ab.
PLURAL
dies
diei
die!
diem
die
dies
dierum
diebus
dies
diebus
SINGULAR
ri.URAL
res
rei
rel
rem
re
res
rerum
rebus
res
rebus
ADJECTIVES
6.
Masc.
A'. bonus
a. boni
l). bono
Ac. bonum
Ab . bono
Fern.
bona
bonae
bonae
bonam
bona
PLURAL
Neut.
bonum
boni
bono
bonum
bono
Masc.
boni
bonorum
bonis
bonos
bonis
Fern.
bonae
bonarum
bonis
bonas
bonis
Neut.
bona
bonorum
bonis
bona
bonis
miser, unhappy
SINGULAR
N. miser
a. miserl
D. misero
Ac. miserum
Ab.. misero
misera
miserae
miserae
miseram
misera
PLURAL
miserum
miseri
misero
miserum
misero
miseri
miserorum
miseris
miseros
miseris
miserae
miserarum
miseris
miseras
miseris
misera
miserorum
miseris
misera
miseris
pulchrae
pulchrarum
pulchris
pulchras
pulchris
pulchra
pulchrorum
pulchris
pulchra
pulchris
pulcher, beautiful
SINGULAR
N. pulcher
G. pulchri
V. pulchro
Ac. pulchrum
Ab. pulchro
pulchra
pulchrae
pulchrae
pulchram
pulchra
pulchrum
pulchrl
pulchro
pulchrum
pulchro
pulchri
pulchrorum
pulchris
pulchros
pulchris
APPENDIX
7.
285
THIRD DECLENSION
A.
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
PLURAL
Masc.
Fern.
Xeut.
Masc.
acer
acris
fieri
acrem
acri
acris
acris
acri
acrem
acri
acre
acris
acri
acre
acri
acres
acres
acria
acrium
acrium
acrium
acribus
acribus
acribus
acres or -is acres or is acria
acribus
acribus
acribus
Fern.
Neut.
PLURAL
Neut.
omne
omnis
omni
omne
omni
omnes
omnium
omnibus
omnes or ls
omnibus
C.
Neut.
omnia
omnium
omnibus
omnia
omnibus
One Termination
1-stems
felix, fortunate
potens, powerful
vetus, old
(a consonant stem)
SINGULAR
M. and F.
2V.
M . and F.
N.
G.
U.
Ac
Ab
felix
felicis
felici
felicem
felici
felix
felicis
felici
felix
felici
potens
potentis
potenti
potentem
potenti, -e
N.
G.
I).
Ac
Ab
felices
felicium
felicibus
felices, -is
felicibus
felicia
felicium
felicibus
felicia
felicibus
potentes
potentium
potentibus
potentes, -is
potentibus
N.
M. and F.
potens
potentis
potenti
potens
potenti, -e
vetus
veteris
veteri
veterem
vetere
y.
vetus
veteris
veteri
vetus
vetere
potentia
potentium
potentibus
potentia
potentibus
veteres
veterum
veteribus
veteres
veteribus
vetera
veterum
veteribus
vetera
veteribus
PLURAL
ELEMENTAEY LATIN
286
PRESENT PARTICIPLES
8.
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
FLURAL
Neut.
portans
portantis
portanti
portans
portante (-1)
portans
portantis
portanti
portantem
portante (-1)
Neut.
portantia
portantium
portantibus
portantia
portantibus
IRREGULAR ADJECTIVES
N.
a.
v.
Ac.
Ab.
sola
solius
soli
solum
sola
solus
solius
soli
solum
solo
solum
solius
soli
solum
solo
alter
alterius
alter!
alteram
altero
altera
alterius
alter!
alteram
altera
alterum
alterius
alter!
alterum
altero
10.
11.
Comparative
latior, latius
fortior, fortius
felicior, felicius
miserior, miserius
facilior, facilius
Superlative
latissimus, -a, -um
fortissimus, -a, -um
felicissimus, -a, -um
miserrimus, -a, -um
facillimus, -a, -um
Comparative
melior, melius
peior, peius
maior, maius
minor, minus
, plus
Superlative
optimus, -a, -um
pessimus, -a, -um
maximus, -a, -um
minimus, -a, -um
plurimus, -a, -um
APPENDIX
287
DECLENSION OF COMPARATIVES
12.
latior, broader
SINGULA It
PLUBAL
JTet.
lathis
latioris
latiorl
latins
latiore
Neut.
latiora
latiorum
latioribus
latiora
latioribus
plus, more
PLURAL
SINGULAR
N
C
Neut.
plus
pluris
7>
JJ.
plus
-4c
.46.
13.
Comparative
latius
fortius
acrius
facilius
Superlative
latissime
fortissime
acerrime
facillime
melius
peius
magis
magis
plus
minus
propius
saepius
diutius
optime
pessime
maxime
maxime
plurimum
minimi
proxime
saepissime
diutissime
Neut.
plura
plurium
pluribus
plura
pluribus
ELEMENTABY LATIN
288
14.
NUMERALS
Soman
Numerals
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
XIII.
XIV.
XV.
XVI.
XVII.
XVIII.
XIX.
XX.
XXI.
:xviii.
XXIX.
XXX.
XL.
L.
LX.
LXX.
LXXX.
xc.
c.
Cardinal
Onus, -a, -um
duo, -ae, -o
tres, tria
quattuor
quinque
sex
septem
octo
novem
decem
iindecim
duodecim
tredecim
quattuordecim
quindecim
sedecim
septendecim
duodeviginti
findeviginti
vlgintl
finus et viginti
(viginti unus)
duodetrlginta
undetrlginta
triginta
quadraginta
quinquaginta
sexaginta
septuaginta
octoginta
nonaginta
centum
Ordinal
Distributive
singuli, -ae, -a
bini
terni or trini
quaterni
quini
seni
septeni
octoni
noveni
deni
undeni
duodenl
terni deni
quaterni deni
quini deni
seni deni
septeni deni
duodeviceni
findeviceni
viceni
viceni singuli
duodetricesimus
undetricesimus
tricesimus
quadragesimus
quinquagesimus
sexagesimus
septuagesimus
octogesimus
nonagesimus
centesimus
duodetriceni
undetriceni
triceni
quadrageni
quinquageni
sexageni
septuageni
octogeni
nonageni
centeni
2!
CI.
cc.
ccc.
cccc.
D.
DC.
DCC.
DCCC.
DCCCC.
M.
MM.
centum (et)
unus
ducentl, -ae, -a
trecentl
quadringenti
quingenti
sescenti
septingenti
octingenti
nongenti
mllle
duo milia
15.
centesimus (et)
primus
ducentesimus
trecentesimus
quadringentesimus
quingentesimus
sescentesimus
septingentesimus
octingentesimus
nongentesimus
millesimus
bis millesimus
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
centeni (et)
singull
duceni
treceni
quadringeni
quingeni
sesceni
septingeni
octingeni
nongeni
singula milia
bina milia
Masc.
duo
duorum
duobus
duos, duo
duobus
Fern.
duae
duarum
duabus
duas
duabus
tres, three
Neut.
duo
duorum
duobus
duo
duobus
Neut.
tria
trium
tribus
tria
tribus
PRONOUNS
PERSONAL PRONOUNS
16.
N.
ego
G.
mel
D.
Ac.
Ab.
mihi
me
me
PLDRAL
nos
( nostrum
I nostri
nobis
nos
nobis
tu
tui
tibi
te
te
PLURAL
vSs
( vestrum
1 vestri
vobis
vos
vobis
ELEMENTARY LATIN
290
REFLEXIVE PRONOUNS
17.
First person, mei,
of myself
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
SING.
PLDH,
mei
mihi
me
me
nostri
nobis
nos
nobis
18.
PLUS.
SING.
tul
tibi
vestri
vobis
vda
vobis
Sill
Sill
sibi
se
se
sibi
se
se
te
to
PLUS.
POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS
19.
DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS
hie, this
SINGULAIl
Masc.
N.
hio
huius
G.
huic
D.
Ac. hunc
Ab. hoc
Fern.
haec
huius
huic
hanc
h&c
PLURAL
Masc.
hi
horum
his
hos
his
Neat.
hoc
huius
huic
hoc
hoc
Fern.
hae
harum
his
has
his
Neut.
haec
horum
his
liaec
his
ille, that
SINGULAR
Masc.
ille
N.
illius
G.
D.
illl
Ac. illum
Ab. illo
Fern.
il1a
illius
ill!
illam
illa
'
Neut.
illud
illius
illl
illud
illo
Masc.
illl
illorum
illis
illos
illis
PLDRAL
Fern.
illae
illarum
illis
illas
illis
-\e*.
il1a
illorum
illis
illa
illis
APPENDIX
291
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
Masc.
is
eius
er
cum
eo
20.
Fern.
ea
eius
el
eam
ea
PLURAL
Uasc.
ii, el
eorum
iis, eis
eos
iis, eis
Neut.
id
eius
el
id
eo
Fern.
eae
earum
iis, eis
eas
iis, eis
Neut.
ea
eorum
iis, eis
ea
iis, eis
SINGULAR
Masc.
N.
idem
G.
eiusdemi
D.
eidem
Ac. cundem
Ab. eodem
Fern.
eadem
eiusdem
eidem
eandem
eadem
Neut.
idem
eiusdem
eidem
idem
eodem
N.
G.
D.
Ac..
Ab .
21.
Masc.
idem or
eidem
eorundem
isdem or
eisdem
eosdem
isdem or
eisdem
Fern.
eaedem
Neut.
eadem
earundem
isdem or
eisdem
easdem
isdem or
eisdem
eorundem
isdem or
eisdem
eadem
isdem or
eisdem
Masc.
N.
ipse
G.
ipsius
D.
ipsi
Ac. ipsum
Ab. ipso
Fern.
ipsa
ipsius
ipsi
ipsam
ipsa
Neut.
ipsum
ipsius
ipsi
ipsum
ipso
Masc.
ipsi
ipsorum
ipsis
ipsos
ipsis
Fern.
ipsae
ipsarum
ipsis
ipsas
ipsis
Neut.
ipsa
ipsorum
ipsis
ipsa
ipsis
Masc.
qui
N.
cuius
G.
cui
D.
Ac. quem
Ab. quo
Fern.
quae
cuius
cui
quam
qua
PLURAL
Neut.
quod
cuius
cui
quod
quo
Masc.
qui
quorum
quibus
quos
quibus
Fern.
quae
quarum
quibus
quas
quibus
Neut.
quae
quorum
quibus
quae
quibus
ELEMENTARY LATIN
292
23.
Masc.
quis
cuius
cui
quem
quo
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
PLUEAL
Fern.
quae
cuius
cui
quam
qua
Neut.
quid
cuius
cui
quid
quo
Masc.
qui
quorum
quibus
quos
quibus
Fern.
quae
qua rum
quibus
quas
quibus
Neut.
quae
quorum
quibus
quae
quibus
24.
quisque, each
quisquam, anyone
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
Masc.
quisque
Fern.
quaeque
Neut.
quidque,
quodque
cuiusque cuiusque cuiusque
cuique
cuique
cuique
quemque quamque quidque,
quodque
quoque
quaque
quoque
Plural rare
quidam, a certain
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
Masc.
quidam
cuiusdam
cuidam
quendam
quodam
Fern.
quaedam
cuiusdam
cuidam
quandam
quadam
N.
G.
B.
Ac.
Ab.
quidam
quorundam
quibusdam
quosdam
quibusdam
quaedam
quarundam
quibusdam
quasdam
quibusdam
Neut.
quiddam (quoddam)
cuiusdam
cuidam
quiddam (quoddam)
quodam
PLUEAL
quaedam
quorundam
quibusdam
quaedam
quibusdam
APPENDIX
293
aliquis, some
SINGULAR
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
Mate.
aliquis (aliqui)
alicuius
alicui
aliquem
aliquo
Fern.
aliqua
alicuius
alicui
aliquam
aliqua
N.
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
aliqui
aliquorum
aliquibus
aliquos
aliquibus
aliquae
aliqua rum
aliquibus
aliqua s
aliquibus
Neut.
aliquid (aliquod)
alicuius
alicui
aliquid (aliquod)
aliquo
PLURAL
aliqua
aliquorum
aliquibus
aliqua
aliquibus
EEGULAR VERBS
25.
FIRST CONJUGATION
Principal parts :
Active Voice
porto, portare, portavl, portatum
Present
SUBJUNCTIVE
INDICATIVE
SINGULAR
portem
portes
portet
porto, / carry
portas, you carry
portat, he carries
PLURAL
portemus
portetis
portent
portamus, we carry
portatis, you carry
portant, they carry
Past
SINGULAR
portarem
portares
portaret
PLURAL
portaremus
portaretis
portarent
ELEMENTARY LATIN
294
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
Future
SINGULIS
portaverim
portaveris
portaverit
PLURAL
portavissem
portavisses
portavisset
PLURAL
portavissemus
portavissetis
portavissent
APPENDIX
295
IMPERATIVE
Sing. 2.
Plur. 2.
Present
porta, carry (thou)
portate, carry (ye)
Sing. 2.
3.
Plur. 2.
3.
PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVES
Pres.
Past
Fut.
portare, to carry
Pres.
portavisse, to have carried
Fut.
portaturus esse, to be about to carry
GERUND
G.
D.
Ac.
Ab.
portandl, of carrying
portando, to (for) carrying
portandum, carrying
portando, from, by carrying
26.
Future
portato, thou shalt carry
portato, he shall carry
portatote, ye shall carry
portanto, they shall carry
Ac.
Ab.
porting, carrying
portaturus, about to carry
supine
portatum, to carry
portatii, to carry
Passive Voice
Present
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
SINGULAR
SINGULAR
portor, / am carried
portaris, -re, you are carried
portatur, he is carried
porter
porteris, -re
portetur
PLURAL
PLURAL
portemur
portemini
portentur
Past
SINGULAR
SINGULAR
portarer
portareris, -re
portaretur
PLURAL
portaremur
portareminl
portarentur
296
ELEMENTAKY LATIN
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
Future
SINGULAR
SINGULAR
portatus sim
portatus sis
portatus sit
PLURAL
portati simus
portati sltis
portati sint
Past Perfect
SINGULAR
SINGULAR
portatus essem
portatus esses
portatus esset
PLURAL
portati essemus
portati essetis
portati essent
APPENDIX
297
IMPERATIVE
Present
Future
Sing. ft. portare, be (thou) carried Sing. t. portator, thou shalt be carried
Plur. ft. portamini, be (ye) carried
3. portator, he shall be carried
Plur.fi.
3. portantor, they shall be carried
INFINITIVES
PARTICIPLES
Active Voice
INDICATIVE
moneo
mones
monet
monemus
monetis
monent
duco
dficis
dueit
ducimus
ducitis
ducunt
capio
capis
capit
capimus
capitis
capiunt
audio
audis
audit
audimus
auditis
audiunt
Past
monebam
monebas
monebat
monebamus
monebatis
monebant
ducebam
diicebas
ducebat
ducebamus
dflcebatis
ducebant
capiebam
capiebas
capiebat
capiebamus
capiebatis
capiebant
audiebam
audiebas
audiebat
audiebamus
audiebatis
audiebant
Future
monebo
monebis
monebit
monebimus
monebitis
monebunt
ducam
duces
ducet
ducemus
ducetis
ducent
capiam
capies
capiet
capiemus
capietis
capient
audiam
audies
audiet
audiemus
audietis
audient
Perfect
monul
duxi
cepi
audivi
duxeram
ceperam
audiveram
duxero
cepero
audivero
Present
ELEMENTARY LATIN
298
SUBJUNCTIVE
Present
moneam
moneas
moneat
moneamus
moneatis
moneant
ducam
ducas
ducat
ducamus
ducatis
ducant
capiam
capias
capiat
capiamus
capiatis
capiant
audiam
audias
audiat
audiamus
audiatis
audiant
Part
monerem
moneres
moneret
monereinus
moneretis
monerent
ducerem
duceres
duceret
duceremus
duceretis
ducerent
caperem
caperes
caperet
caperemus
caperetis
caperent
audirem
audires
audlret
audiremus
audiretis
audirent
Perfect
monuerim
duzerim
ceperim
audiverim
duxissem
cepissem
audivissem
IMPERATIVE
Present
monS
monete
due
ducite
cape
capite
audi
audite
Future
2 moneto
S moneto
2 monetoto
S monento
ducito
ducito
ducitote
ducunto
capito
capito
capitote
capiunto
audito
auditote
audiunto
Present
Future
monens
moniturus
ducens
ducturus
capiens
capturus
audiens
auditurus
Present
Past
Future
monere
monuisse
moniturus esse
ducere
duxisse
ducturus esse
capere
cepisse
capturus esse
audire
audivisse
auditurus esse
mon end!
monendo
ducendl
dflcendo
capiendl
capiendo
audiendi
audiendo
auditp
PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVE
GERUND
etc.
etc.
etc.
etc.
SUPINE
monitum
monitu
ductum
ductu
captum
captu
auditum
auditu
APPENDIX
29!
Passive Voice
28.
INDICATIVE
Present
moneor
moneris, -re
monetur
monemur
monemini
monentur
ducor
duceris, -re
ducitur
ducimur
diicimini
ducuntur
capior
caperis, -re
capitur
capimur
capimini
capiuntur
audior
audiris, -re
audltur
audimur
audimini
audiuntur
Past
monebar
monebaris, -re
monebatur
monebamur
monebamini
monebantur
dflcebar
ducebaris, -re
ducebatur
ducebamur
duoebamini
ducebantur
capiebar
capiebaris, -re
capiebatur
capiebamur
capiebamini
capiebantur
audiebar
audiebaris, -r<
audiebatur
audiebamur
audiebamini
audiebantur
Future
monebor
moneberis, -re
monebitur
monebimur
monebimini
monebuntur
diicar
duceris, -re
ducetur
dueemur
ducemini
ducentur
capiar
capieris, -re
capietur
capiemur
capiemini
capientur
audiar
audieris, -re
audietur
audiemur
audiemini
audientur
Perfect
monitus sum
ductus sum .
captus sum
audltus sum
ductus eram
captus eram
auditus eram
ductus ero
captus ero
auditus ero
Present
monear
monearis, -re
moneatur
moneamur
moneamini
moneantur
diicar
ducaris, -re
ducatur
ducamur
ducamini
ducantur
capiar
capiaris, -re
capiatur
capiamur
capiamini
capiantur
audiar
audiaris, -re
audiatur
audiamur
audiaminl
audiantur
Past
monerer
monereris, -re
moneretur
moneremur
moneremini
monerentur
ducerer
ducereris, -re
duceretur
duceremur
diiceremini
ducerentur
caperer
capereris, -re
caperetur
caperemur
caperemini
caperentur
audirer
audireris, -re
audiretur
audiremur
audiremini
audirentur
SUBJUNCTIVE
ELEMENTARY LATIN
300
Perfect
monitus sim
ductus sim
captus sim
auditus sim
ductus essem
captus essem
auditus essem
IMPERATIVE
Present
monere
monemini
ducere
ducimini
capere
eapimini
audlre
audimini
Future
g
S monentor
ducuntor
capiuntor
audiuntor
Past
monitus
ductus
captus
auditus
Future
monendus
ducendus
capiendus
audiendus
Present
moneri
duel
capl
audirl
Perfect
monitus esse
ductus esse
captus esse
auditus esse
Future
monitum iri
ductum iri
captum Iri
auditum iri
PARTICIPLES
INFINITIVE
29.
DEPONENT VERBS
I.
II.
III.
IV.
rv.
I.
conor
conaris, -re
conatur
conamur
conamini
conantur
II.
polliceor
polliceris, -re
pollicetur
pollicemur
pollicemini
pollicentur
III.
sequor
sequeris, -re
sequitur
sequimur
sequimini
sequuntur
potior
potiris, -re
potitur
potimur
potimini
potiuntur
Past
Fut.
conabar
conabor
pollicebar
pollicebor
sequebar
sequar
potiebar
potiar
Perf.
P.Pf.
F.Pf.
conatus sum
conatus eram
conatus ero
pollicitus sum
pollicitus eram
pollicitus ero
seciitus sum
secutus eram
secutus ero
potitus sum
potitus eram
potitus ero
Pres.
APPENDIX
301
SUBJUNCTIVE
Pres.
Past
Pcrf.
P. Pf.
coner
conarer
conatus sim
conatus essem
pollicear
pollicerer
pollicitus sim
pollicitus essem
Pres.
Fut.
conare
conator
pollicere
pollicetor
Pres.
Past
Fut.
eonfiri
conatus esse
conaturus esse
pollicerl
sequi
pollicitus esse secutus esse
polliciturus essesecnturus esse
conans
conatus
conaturus
conandus
pollicens
pollicitus
pollicitiirus
pollicendus
conandi, etc.
conatum
conatu
pollicitum
pollicitii
sequar
sequerer
secutus sim
secutus essem
potiar
potirer
potitus sim
potitus essem
sequere
sequitor
potire
potitor
IMPERATIVE
INFINITIVE
potiri
potitus esse
potitiirus esse
PARTICIPLE
Pres.
Past
F. Act.
F. Pass.
sequens
secutus
seciiturus
sequendus
potiens
potitus
potitiirus
potiendus
GERUND
potiendi, etc.
SUPINE
secutum
secutu
IRREGULAR VERBS
30.
Conjugation of sum.
Principal parts:
INDICATIVE
Present
SINGULAR
sum, I am
es, you are
est, he,.she, it is
PLURAL
sumus, we are
estis, you are
sunt, they are
potltum
potitu
ELEMENTABY LATIN
302
Past
eramus, we were
eratis, you were
erant, they were
eram, 7 was
eras, you were
erat, he, she, it was
Future
erimus, we shall be
eritis, you will be
erunt, they will be
ero, I shall be
eris, you will be
erit, he, she, it will be
Perfect
fui, I have been, I was
fuisti, you have been, you were
fuit, he, she, it has been, was
Past Perfect
fueram, I had been
fueras, you had been
fuerat, he, she, it had been
Future Perfect
fuero, I shall have been
fueris, you will have been
fuerit, he, she, it will have been
SUBJUNCTIVE
Present
Past
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
sim
sis
sit
slmus
sltis
sint
essem
esses
esset
fuerim
fueris
fuerit
Perfect
fuerimus
fuerltis
fuerint
PLURAL
essemus
essetis
essent
Pas1: Perfect
fuissem
fuissemus
fuisses
fuissetis
fuissent
fuisset
IMPERATIVE
Present
rs.
es, be (thou)
este, be (ye)
APPENDIX
303
Future
2d pers. esto, be, thou shalt be
Sdpers. esto, let him be, he shall be
PARTICIPLE
Flit.
futurus, about to be
INFINITIVE
Pres.
Perf.
Fut.
31.
esse, to be
fuisse, to have been
futurus esse or fore, to be about to be
Conjugation of possum.
Principal parts:
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
Present
SINGULAR
PLURAL
SINGULAR
PLURAL
possum
potes
potest
possumus
potestis
possunt
possim
possis
possit
possimus
possltis
possint
poteram
poteras
poterat
poteramus
poteratis
poteraiit
possem
posses
posset
possemus
possetis
possent
potero
poterimus
potui
potuimus
potuerim
potuerimi
potueram
potueramus
potuissem
potuissem
potuero
potuerimus
Past
Future
Perfect
Past Perfect
Future Perfect
INFINITIVE
Pres.
posse
Past
potuisse
ELEMENTARY LATIN
304
32.
Conjugation op prosum.
Principal parts:
INDICATIVE
SUBJUNCTIVE
Present
prosumus
prodestis
prosunt
prosum
prodes
prodest
rosim
rosis
rosit
prosimus
prosftis
prosint
The remaining forma of the present system are conjugated like sum,
with the prefix prod-. The perfect system is regularly formed with
the stem prdfu-.
33.
Conjugation of fero.
Principal parts:
INDICATIVE
Present
Active
Passive
fero
fers
fert
ferimus
fertis
ferunt
ferSbam
ferebamus
feram
feremus
tuli
tulimus
feror
ferris, -re
fertur
ferimur
ferimini
feruntur
Past
ferebar
ferebamur
ferar
feremur
l Titus sum
lati sumus
latus eram
lati eramus
Future
Perfect
Past Perfect
tuleram
tuleramus
tulero
tulerimus
Future Perfect
latus sro
lati erimus
ferar
feramur
ferrer
ferremur
SUBJUNCTIVE
Present
feram
feramus
ferrem
ferremus
Past
APPENDIX
305
Perfect
tulerim
tulerimus
latus sim
la t i Minus
latus essem
lati essemus
Past Perfect
tulissem
tulissemus
IMPERATIVE
Present
S fer
ferte
2 ferto
3 ferto
fertote
ferunto
ferre
feriminl
fertor
fertor
feruntor
Future
INFINITIVE
Active
Pres.
Past
Fut.
PARTICIPLES
Passive
ferre
tulisse
laturus esse
Active
ferri
latus esse
latum iri
Pres.
Fut.
GERUND
ferendl, etc.
34.
Passive
ferens
laturus
Past
Fut.
latus
ferendus
SUPINE
Ace.
latum
Abl.
latu
Conjugation of e6.
Principal parts:
INDICATIVE
eo
Is
it
imus
it-is
eunt
SUBJUNCTIVE
eam
oris
eat
eamus
eatis
eant
Past
ibam
ibamug
Ibo
Ibimus
irem
iremus
Future
Perfect
nmus or lvimus
lerim or lverim
lenmus or lvenmus
306
ELEMENTARY LATIN
Past Perfect
ierimus or iverimus
IMPERATIVE
Pres. i,
flit, ito,
ito,
36.
INFINITIVE
ite
itote
eunto
Pres. Ire
Pcrf. iisse or isse
Fut. iturus esse
PARTICIPLE
GERUND
SUPINE
fundi, etc.
itum, itu
Conjugation or fl8.
Principal parts:
INDICATIVE
flo
fis
fit
fiunt
fiebam
fiebamus
fiam
fiemus
fiam
fias
fiat
flSmus
fliitis
fiant
ficrem
fieremus
Past
Future
Perfect
factus sum
factus sim
Past Perfect
factus eram
factus essem
Future Perfect
factus ero
IMPERATIVE
Pres.
fi, flte
INFINITIVE
Pres. fieri
Perf. factus esse
Fut. factum iri
PARTICIPLE
Perf. factus
Fut. faciendus
APPENDIX
36.
307
nolo
non vis
non vult
nolumus
non vultis
nolunt
nolebam
nolam
nSlui
nolueram
noluero
volo
Pres.
vis
vult
volumus
vultis
volunt
volebam
Past
volam
Put.
volui
Perf.
Past Perf. volueram
Put. Perf. voluero
mal5
mavis
mavult
malumus
mavultis
malunt
malebam
malam
malui
malueram
maluero
SUBJUNCTIVE
nolim
nollem
noluerim
noluissem
Pres.
velim
Past
vellem
Perf.
voluerim
Past Perf. voluissem
malim
mallem
maluerim
maluissem
IMPERATIVE
Pres.
Put.
noli
nolito
nolito
nolite
nolltote
noluntO
INFINITIVE
Pres.
Perf.
velle
voluiese
Pres.
volens
nolle
noluisse
PARTICIPLE
nolens
malle
malui sse
308
ELEMENTARY LATIN
REVIEW OF SYNTAX
AGREEMENT
37. 1. Adjectives and participles agree in gender, number, and case
with the nouns to which they belong (55).
2. A relative pronoun agrees with its antecedent in gender and
number, but its case depends on its use in its own clause (288).
3. A noun in apposition agrees in case with the noun which it
explains (62).
4. A verb agrees with its subject in person and number (44).
CASES
THE NOMINATIVE
APPENDIX
309
310
ELEMENTARY LATIN
43.
44. "With the names of towns and small islands, also with domus,
the place where some act occurs or something exists is denoted by the
locative (299).
n. The locative has the same form as the genitive in the
singular of nouns of the first and second declension; elsewhere
it has the same form as the ablative. The locative of domus is
domi.
APPENDIX
311
MOODS
THE INDICATIVE
312
ELEMENTARY LATIN
52. The gerund is a verbal noun, used only in four cases and in
the singular number (552).
THE GERUNDIVE
VOCABU LAKY
313
LATIN-ENGLISH VOCABULARY
a, ab, prep, with dbl., from, by
absens, absentis, absent
absum, abesse, afui, afuturus, be
absent, be distant, be away
ac, see atque
accedo, -ere, access!, accessum,
approach
accido, -ere, accidi, happen
accipio, -ere, accepi, acceptum,
receive, accept
accuso, -are, -avi, -atum, accuse,
censure
acer, acris, acre, spirited, fierce,
bold, sharp, keen
Achaia, -ae, f., Achaia, a district
of Greece
acies, -ei, f., edge; line of battle,
battle
acriter, adv., fiercely, eagerly,
spiritedly
ad, prep, with ace., to, toward;
near
adeo, adv., to such an extent, so,
so very
adgredior, adgredi, adgressus sum,
approach; attack
adhibeo, -ere, -ui, -itum, summon
adhuc, adv., as yet, to this time,
before this time
adicio, -ere, adieci, adiectum, add;
throw to
adiungo, -iungere, -ifinxi, -iunctum,
join to, annex
adsum, -esse, -fui, -futurus, be
present, be at hand
adsurgd, -surgere, -surrexi, -surrectum, rise
adulescens, -centis, m., young man
314
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULAEY
Aurunculeius, -i, m., Aurunculeius,
a Soman name; Lucius Aurun
culeius Cotta, one of Caesar's
officers
auspicium, -i, n., auspices, sign
autem, conj., but, however; more
over
auxilium, -i, n., aid, help; pi.,
auxiliaries
Aventinus, -a, -um, Aventine;
Aventinus Mons, the Aventine
Hill, one of the seven hills of
Some
&verto, -ere, avert!, aversum, turn
away
Axona, -ae, p., the Aisne, a river
of France
315
31G
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
cogo, -ere, coegi, coactum, collect,
compel
cohors, cohortis, p., cohort, a divi
sion of the legion
cobortor, -ari, -atus sum, urge, en
courage
Collatinus, -i., m., a Soman name;
Tarquinius Collatinus, one of
the first two consuls at Sorne
collega, -ae, m., colleague
colligo, -ere, collegi, collectum,
collect
collis, -is, m., hill
colloco, -are, -avi, -atum, place,
station
colloquium, -i, N., conference,
interview
colloquor, colloqui, collocutus sum,
confer, converse
cold, -ere, colui, cultum, till, culti
vate
commeatus, -us, m., supplies
commemoro, -are, -avi, -atum, call
to mind, mention
comminus, adv., hand to hand
committo, -mittere, -misi, -missum, unite, do; proelium conimittere, begin battle
commoveo, -movere, -movi, -motum, stir up, arouse
communis, -e, common
compared, -ere, -ui, appear, be
seen
comparo, -are, -avi, -atum, pre
pare, get ready
compleo, -ere, -evi, -etum, All, fill
up, complete
complures, -a (-ia), several, some
compono, -ponere, -posui, -positum, arrange, settle
comprehend6, -hendere, -hendi,
-hensum, seize
317
318
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
ber of a body of officials consist
ing of ten men
decerno, -cernere, -crevi, -cretum,
decide; decree, vote
decerto, -are, -avi, -atum, fight to
a finish; proelio decertare, fight
a (decisive) battle
decimus, -a, -um, tenth
dedo, -ere, dedidi, deditum, yield,
surrender, give up
defends, -ere, defend!, defensum,
defend
defensor, -soris, m., defender
defero, -ferre, -tuli, -latum, re
port; confer, bestow
defessus, -a, -um, tired out, ex
hausted
dfiicio, -ere, deieci, deiectum, cast
down, dislodge; disappoint
deinde, adv., next, thereupon, then
deled, -ere, -evi, -etum, destroy,
blot out
deligo, -ligere, -legi, -lectum, se
lect, choose
demonstro, -are, -avi, -atum, show,
point out
demum, adv., at last
denique, adv., finally
depopulor, -ari, -atus sum, lay
waste
deprecatio, -onis, p., warding off
by prayer, pleading
describo, -scribere, -scrips!, -scriptum, mark off, divide
desero, -ere, deserui, desertum,
desert, abandon
deterged, -tergere, -ters!, -tersum,
wipe away
deterred, -ere, -ul, -itum, prevent,
deter, hinder
deus, -I, m., a god
319
320
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABITLABY
facile, adv., easily
facilis, -e, easy
facio, -ere, feci, factum, make, do
factio, factionis, f., faction, party
facultas, -tatis, f., opportunity,
supply
Falisci, -orum, m. pi, Falerii, a
city of Etruria
fames, famis, p., hunger
familia, -ae, f., household, family
fataliter, adv., according to fate,
by the decree of fate
Faustus, -I, m., Faustus, a Soman
name
faveo, -ere, favi, fauturus, favor
felix, felicis, happy, fortunate
femina, -ae, p., woman
fere, adv., nearly, about
ferme, adv., about
fero, ferre, tuli, latum, bear, carry,
bring
ferus, -a, -um, fierce
Fidenae, -arum, f. pi., Fidenae, an
ancient town near Home
Fidenates, -ium, m. pi, the inhab
itants of Fidenae
fides, -ei, p., faith, confidence
filia, -ae, p., daughter
filius, -i, m., son
finis, -is, m., limit, end; pi., terri
tories, boundaries
finitimus, -a, -um, neighboring;
finitimi, -orum, m. pi., neighbors
fio, fieri, factus sum, used as pas
sive of facio, be made, be done;
happen, become
firmus, -a, -um, firm
fleo, flere, flevi, Actum, weep
fletUs, -us, m., weeping
fluctus, -us, M., wave
flumen, fluminis, n., river
flud, -ere, fluxi, fluxum, flow
321
322
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULABY
improviso, adv., unexpectedly
in, prep, with ace, into
in, prep, with abl., in, on
incendo, -ere, incendi, incensum,
set on fire, burn
inchoo, -are, -avi, -atum, begin
incipio, -ere, incepi, inceptum,
begin
incognitus, -a, -um, unknown
incolo, -ere, incolui, inhabit
incolumis, -e, safe
incredibilis, -e, incredible
incursus, -us, m., attack
incuso, -are, -avi, -atum, reprimand
inde, adv., from that place, from
there; next
indicium, -i, m., disclosure, infor
mation; per indicium, through
informers
Infero, -ferre, -tull, -latum, bring
upon, cause, arouse; bellum
inferre, make war on
infinitus, -a, -um, countless
ingens, gen. ingentis, huge, very
great
ingredior, ingredi, ingressus sum,
go into, enter, invade; some
times followed by intra and ac
cusative
inimicus, -a, -um, unfriendly,
hostile
inimicus, -i, m., enemy
iniquus, -a, -um, unfavorable, un
just
iniuria, -ae, v., injury, injustice,
wrong, affront
innumerus, -a, -um, countless, in
numerable
insidiae, -arum, f. pi., treachery;
plot, ambush
insigne, insignis, n., badge, deco
ration
323
324
ELEMENTARY LATEST
VOCABULARY
Lucretius, -i, m., Lucretius, a So
man name; Spurius Lucretius
Tricipitinus, one of the early
consuls at Some
ludus, -i, m., game, sport
luged, -ere, luxi, luctum, mourn,
mourn for
lima, -ae, p., moon
lux, lucis, p., light
M
M., abbreviation for Marcus, a
Soman first name
Macedonia, -ae, p.. Macedonia
magis, adv. (comparative of magnopere), more
magister -tri, m. master; magister equitum, master of the horse
magnitudo, -inis, r.. size, great
ness, magnitude
magnopere, adv., greatly
magnus, -a, -um, large; Pompeius
Magnus, Pompey the Great
male, adv., badly
mald, malle, malui, prefer
malus, -a, -um, bad, wicked, in
jurious, harmful
Mam., abbreviation for Mamercus,
a Soman first name
maneo, -ere, mansi, mansurus, re
main
manus, -us, f.. hand, band, com
pany
Marcellus, -i, m., Marcellus, a
Soman name
Marcius, -i, m., a Soman name;
Ancus Marcius, the fourth king
of Some
mare maris, n., sea
maritus, -i, m., husband
Marius, i, m., Marius, a Soman
name
325
ELEMENTABY LATIN
326
VOCABTJLARY
327
328
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
potens, gen., potentis, powerful
potentia, -ae, f., power, influence
potestas, -tatis, p., power
potior, potiri, potitus sum, gain
possession of
praecedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum,
surpass, excel
praecipue, adv., especially
praecipuus, -a, -um, distinguished,
chief
praeda, -ae, f.. booty, spoil
praedico, -are, -avi, -atum, boast,
announce
praeficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum,
put in command of
praemitto, -mittere, -misi, missum,
send ahead
praemium, -i, n., reward
praeparo, -are, -avi, -atum, pre
pare, make preparations for
praesens, gen., praesentis, pres
ent, in person
praestans, gen., praestantis, dis
tinguished, prominent
praesto, -stare, -stiti, -statum,
transitive, furnish, bestow; intrans., surpass
praesum, -esse, -fui, -futurus, be
in charge or command of
praeter, prep, with ace., beyond,
more than
praeterea, adv., besides
praetextus, -a, -um, bordered
praetorius, -i, m., ex-praetor
premo, -ere, pressi, pressum, press,
press hard; oppress
primo, adv., at first
primum, adv., first
primus, -a, -um, first
princeps, principis, m.. leader,
chief
principalis, -i, m., leadership
329
330
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
ratio, rationis, f., theory, reason
rebelld, -are, -avi, -atum, renew
a war, revolt
recedd, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum,
withdraw
recipio, -ere, recepi, receptum, re
ceive, take back; se recipere,
retreat, withdraw
reddd, -dere, -didi, -ditum, render
reded, -ire, -ii, -itum, return
recipio, -ere, recepi, receptum, re
duce
redintegro, -are, -avi, -atum, re
new
reduco, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum,
lead back, bring back
regina, -ae, f., queen
regio, regionis, p., region
regius, -a, -um, royal, regal, like
a king
regno, -are, -avi, -atum, reign
regnum, -i, N., royal authority,
kingdom, reign
regredior, regredi, regressus sum,
return
relinqud, -ere, reliqui, relictum,
leave
reliquiae, -arum, p. pi., remnant
reliquus, -a, -um, remaining, rest
of; reliqui, as noun, the rest
Remi, -drum, m. pi., the Remi, a
Belgian tribe
reminiscor, reminisci, remember,
recall
removed, -movere, -movi, -mdtum,
remove, withdraw
renovd, -are, -avi, -atum, renew
renuntio, -are, -avi, -atum, bring
back word, report
reparo, -are, -avi, -atum, restore,
renew
331
332
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
sperd, -are, -avi, -atum, hope
Epes, spei, p., hope
statua, -ae, p., statue
statim, adv., at once
stipendiarius, -a, -um, subject to
tribute, tributary
stipendium, -i, n., tribute, tax;
military service
sto, stare, steti, staturus, stand
studeo, -ere, -ui, desire, be eager
for
stuprum, -i, n., defilement, dis
honor
sub, prep. with ace. or ahl., under,
beneath; at the foot of
subdued, -ducere, -duxi, -ductum,
withdraw
subigo, -ere, subegi, subactum,
subdue, conquer
subitd, adv., suddenly
subsequor, subsequi, subsecutus
sum, follow up, follow closely
subsidium, -i, N., reinforcements,
reserves
succedo, -cedere, -cessi, -cessum,
come up close to, advance; fol
low, succeed
successus, -us, m., success
sudor, sudoris, m., sweat, perspi
ration
Suebi, -drum, m. pi., the Suebi,
a German tribe
Suessa, -ae, p., a city of Latium,
commonly called Suessa Pometia
Suessiones, -um, m. pi., the Suessioues, a Belgian tribe
sui, reflexive pron., of himself, her
self, itself, themselves
Sulla, -ae, m., Sulla, a Soman name
sum, esse, fui, futurus, be
summus, -a, -um, highest, supreme;
highest part of
333
334
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
Tusculum, -i, n., Tusculum, an
ancient town not far from Some
tutor, tutoris, m., guardian, pro
tector
tutus, -a, -um, safe
tuus, -a, -um, your, yours
tyrannicus, -a, -um, despotic,,
tyrannical
335
336
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULAEY
337
ENGLISH-LATIN VOCABULARY
able, be able, possum, posse, potui
absent, be absent, absum, abesse,
afui, afuturus
account, on account of, propter,
prep, with ace.
accustomed, be accustomed, soleS,
-ere, solitus sum
advance, procedo, -cedere, -cessi,
-cessum
advice, consilium, consili, N.
again, riirsus, iterum, advs.
aid, auxilium, auxili, n.
all, omnis, omne
ally, socius, -i, M.
alone, solus, -a, -um
also, item, adv.
although, cum, eonj.
always, semper, adv.
among, apud, prep, with ace.
and, et, atque, -que, conjs.
angry, Iratus, -a, -um
animal, animal, animalis, N.
another, alius, alia, aliud
answer, responsum, -i, n.
any one (in a negative sentence),
quisquam
approach, appropinquo, -are, -avi,
-atum
approve, approve of, probo, -are,
-avi, -atum
Aquitanians, Aquitani, -orum,
M. pi.
Ariovistus, Ariovistus, -i, m.
.
arm, anno, -are, -avi, -Atum
arms, anna, armorum, x. pi.
army, exercitus, -us, m.
arrive, pervenio, -venire, -veni,
ventum
338
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
desert, desero, -ere, -ui, -tum
deserve, mereor, -eri, meritus sum
desire, studeo, -ere, -ui (takes da
tive) ; cupio, -ere, cupivl, cupitum
destroy, deleo, -ere, -evi, -etum
difficult, difficilis, -e
difficulty, with difficulty, vix, adv.
disclose, enuntio, -are, -avi, -atum
distant, be distant, absum, abesse,
afui, afuturus
distinguished, clarus, -a, -um
ditch, fossa, -ae, f.
Diviciacus, Diviciacus, -i, m.
do, facio, -ere, feci, factum; be
done, fio, fieri, factus sum
draw up, instruo, -struere, -struxi,
-strflctum
drive back, repello, -ere, reppuli,
repulsum
339
ELEMENTARY LATIN
340
VOCABULARY
injury, iniuria, -ae, p.
into, in, prep, with ace.
invite, invito, -are, -avi, -atum
Ireland, Hibernia, -ae, p.
island, insula, -ae, f.
it, id
Italy, Italia, -ae, p.
its, reflexive, suus, -a, -um; when
not reflexive, eius
itself, see self
javelin, pilum, -i, N.
journey, iter, itineris, n.
341
M
kill, interficio, -ficere, -feci, -fectum
kind, beuignus, -a, -um
king, rex, regis, M.
know, perf. of cognosco, -ere, cognovi, cognitum; scio, scire, scivi,
scltum; intellego, -legere, -lexi,
-lectum
342
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
343
344
ELEMENTARY LATIN
VOCABULARY
unwilling, be unwilling, nolo,
nolle, nolul
unwilling, invltus, -a, -um
urge, hortor, -arl, hortatua sum
use, utor, uti, Ssus sum
useful, iitilis, -e
345
INDEX
(Numbers refer to sections.)
Ablative, general use, 33.
absolute, 370.
of accompaniment, 104.
of cause, 449.
of comparison, 340.
of degree of difference, 346.
of description, 353.
of manner, 277.
of means, 130.
of place from which, 330.
of place in which, 110.
of respect, 366.
of route, 318.
of separation, 329.
of time, 211.
with iitor, 419.
Accent, 8.
Accusative :
as object, 11.
of duration, 177.
of extent, 312.
of place to which, 313.
with prepositions, 190.
Adjectives, agreement of, 55.
comparison of, 334.
position of, 19.
in the predicate, 20.
possessive, 83.
substantive use of, 201.
of the first and second declen
sion in -us, 75.
of the first and second declen
sion in -er, 81.
of the third declension, 276, 281
witli the genitive in -lus, 234.
Adverbs, formation of, 357.
comparison of, 361.
position of, 63.
Agreement:
of adjectives, 55.
of relative pronouns, 288.
of verbs, 44.
aliquis, declension of, 447.
Apposition, 61.
case of nouns in, 62.
Article not used in Latin, 13.
Base, of nouns, 38.
coepl, conjugation of, 427.
Commands, expressed by impera
tive, 402.
negative, 566.
Comparison :
of adjectives, regular, 334, 338.
of adjectives, irregular, 344.
of adverbs, 361.
Complementary infinitive, 272.
Conditional clauses, defined, 570.
non-committal, 571.
future more vivid, 5716.
future less vivid, 581.
contrary to fact, 575, 576.
Conjugation of regular verbs, how
distinguished, 108.
Correlative use of hie and ille
116.
cum clauses:
adversative, 526.
causal, 520.
of description, 511.
cum, enclitic use of, 387.
Dative :
as indirect object. 26.
with adjectives, 27.
of agent, 538.
with compound verbs, 324.
of possession, 325.
of purpose, 196.
of reference, 245.
with special verbs, 124.
position of, 28 (2).
Demonstratives, 89.
position of, 92.
Deponent verbs, of the first and
second conjugations, 414.
346
INDEX
of the third and fourth conjuga
tions, 418.
-iS verba of the third conjuga
tion, 425.
domus, declension of, 298.
duo, declension of, 304.
Enclitic use of cum, 387.
eo, conjugation of, 317.
Familiar Latin Phrases, 280.
Fear, subjunctive in expressions
of, 531.
fero, conjugation of, 406.
synopsis of, 410.
Fifth declension of nouns, 308.
fiS, conjugation of, 515.
First declension of nouns, 36.
First and second declension ad
jectives, 75, 81.
Formation of Latin Words, 277.
Fourth declension of nouns, 292.
Future imperative, 586.
participle, active, 188.
participle, passive, 537.
Future perfect indicative, active,
171.
passive, 181.
Gender of nouns in the first de
clension, 53.
second declension, 59.
third declension, 255.
fourth declension, 292.
fifth declension, 308a.
Genitive :
of description, 352.
of material, 521.
objective, 381.
of possession, 11.
of the whole, 265.
with verbs of remembering and
forgetting, 543.
position of, 28 (1).
formation, in nouns in -ius and
-ium, 76.
Gerund, 552.
Gerundive, 557.
hie, declension of, 90.
correlative use of, 116.
idem, declension of, 264.
ignis, declension of, 260.
347
348
ELEMENTABY LATIN
SEMideponents, 442.
Subjunctive mood, present tense
of regular verbs, 455, 461.
past tense of regular verbs
471.
'
perfect tense, 487, 488.
past perfect tense, 493, 494
general use of, 456.
anticipatory, 476.
by attraction, 587.
in cum adversative clauses, 526.
in cum causal clauses, 520.
in cum descriptive clauses, 51].
in indirect discourse, 499.
in indirect questions, 489.
with expressions of fear. 531.
in substantive clauses of desiif
470.
in substantive clauses of fact.
516.
in purpose clauses, 460, 465.
in clauses of result, 483.
Supine, in -um, 547.
in -u, 5476.
Synopsis of verbs, 182.
Tenses, relation of, in subordinate
clauses, 510.
Third declension of nouns, conso
nant stems, 238, 244.
i-stems and mixed stems, 249
250, 254.
exceptional nouns, 259, 260.
Third declension of adjectives, 276,
281.
ires, declension of, 304.
turris, declension of, 260.
utor, with ablative, 419.
Verbs, agreement of, 44.
position of, 14.
v>s, declension of, 259.
Vocative, 34.
position of, 35.
voiS, conjugation of, 525.