City Trot

Final Project
CityTrot :
A cognitive maps based tourism application
Focus: Old Delhi
Student Name: Nitish Sharma

Student ID: 201214002
Mentors:
Prof. Vishvajit Pandya
Prof. Nitin Raje
Masters in Design (Communication Design)

Dhirubhai Ambani Institute of Information and Communication Technology.
Gujarat, India
Feedback Sheet
Acknowledgement
I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards Prof.

Madhumita Mazumdar, for her insightful suggestions and
It has been an exciting experience working on this project. It would
constructive feedback; throughout the entire span of the project.
have been impossible to complete this work without the
She has been a key contributor in making this project a reality.
contribution of a multitude of people. I would like to express my

sincere gratitude towards all the people who have helped me
I would also like to Thank Prof. Binita Desai, for coming forward
throughout the process of this project. Their contribution, feedback
with sincere advice and help, whenever needed.
and guidance had played a decisive role in the completion of my

project.
Finally, I would like to thank all the shop owners, cooks, assistants,
helpers and security guards working all around Old Delhi. Their
First of all, I would like to thank God for the wisdom and
chat sessions, eagerness to answer my questions and helpful nature
perseverance that has been bestowed upon me during the course of
has proved once again why Delhi is called Dilwalon ki Dilli
this project. I am glad to have a family that bestowed me with their
(city of good hearted people).
unconditional love and support. They showed confidence in me

when I needed the most.
Last but not the least; I am grateful to my friends, Anshu, Saad, and
Tarun for accompanying me to my field trips and helping me with
I would like to thank my faculty guide, Prof. Vishvajit Pandya and
my video shoots. I would also like to thank my colleagues, juniors
Prof. Nitin Raje, for their essential and helpful support and
and especially my seniors for their helpful advice and moral
guidance. They inculcated in me the confidence that I needed for
support throughout my project.
carrying out and completing the project.
CityTrot | Nitish Sharma | 201214002
Contents
5.3.2
Logo......................................................................... 55
Feedback Sheet ................................................................................ 1
5.3.3
Graphic Design ........................................................ 55
Acknowledgement ........................................................................... 2
5.3.4
Code......................................................................... 64
5.3.5
Usability Test .......................................................... 65
Synopsis ................................................................................... 4
5.4
1.1 Choice of Medium ................................................................. 5

2
Project Brief ............................................................................. 6
Iteration 3 ........................................................................ 66
5.4.1
Application Flow/Information Architecture ............ 67
2.1
Brief introduction of Old Delhi ......................................... 6
5.4.2
Paper Prototype ....................................................... 68
2.2
Need for Design ................................................................ 7
5.4.3
Graphic Design ........................................................ 71
2.3
Stakeholders .................................................................... 10
5.4.5
Code......................................................................... 75
2.4
Goals................................................................................ 10
5.4.6
Usability Test .......................................................... 77
5.5
Research ................................................................................. 12
Final Product ................................................................... 78
3.1
Secondary Research ........................................................ 12
5.5.1
Information Architecture ......................................... 80
3.2
Field Visits ...................................................................... 17
5.5.2
Paper Prototype ....................................................... 81
Evaluation of available products ............................................ 32
5.5.3
Graphic Design ........................................................ 83
Product ................................................................................... 43
5.5.4
Proof of Concept ..................................................... 88
5.1
Introduction to Product Philosophy................................. 43
Conclusion ............................................................................. 90
5.2
Iteration 1 ........................................................................ 44
Bibliography .......................................................................... 92
5.2.1
7.1
Books .............................................................................. 92
5.2.2
Paper Prototype ........................................................ 46
7.2
Journals ........................................................................... 92
5.2.3
Graphic Design ........................................................ 49
7.3
Websites .......................................................................... 92
5.2.5
Code ......................................................................... 50
7.4
Blog................................................................................. 93
5.2.6
Usability Test ........................................................... 52
5.3
Iteration 2 ........................................................................ 52
5.3.1
Synopsis
The chosen field for this research was Old Delhi, an important
Tourism is the immersion in authentic life of a culture or a place
tourist destination. Concluding from the initial visits it was clear
that is not tourists own. Tourists expect to experience heritage,
that creating a tourist navigation system to indulge all senses would
architecture and culture that makes up a places essence. With the
take a longer time than the course of this semester. Thus, a series of
advent of technology, especially smartphones, there has been a
discussions with my mentors led to a product that is narrowed
huge rise in mobile assisted tourism. Travel apps, online tour
down on one sense which dominates the tourism of Old Delhi, i.e.
guides, bookings on the go have been increasing phenomenon over
the sense of taste.
the last few years. The premise of this project is the fact that even
in todays technologically advanced times there is lack of a
Each year around 44, 72,257 1 tourists visit Old Delhi to experience
navigation solution that can provide an immersive experience to
the much publicized culture of the place. But, anyone who visits a
the tourists and help connect the tourists and the hosts. Most
place that has a different culture from theirs is bound to experience
navigation solutions today, digital or physical, only serve as an
a cultural shock. This cultural shock is increased manifold when
information providing unit for getting from point A to B. This can
the place is a bazaar, that may seem chaotic at the first look. Thus a
potentially alienate the tourists instead of immersing them in the
large number of these tourists prefer guided tourism. This guided
environment.
tourism that makes tourists feel safe, however, also takes away the
very essence that a tourist yearns to experience.
After a few initial discussions it was decided that the most ideal
way to experience an environment is by immersing all the 5 senses
In order to address this situation a navigation system was devised
in that environment. The system can customize the experience of
that would utilize the properties of a cognitive map 2. Cognitive
the tourist based on the sense they want to explore. For example, It
1
can suggest places where sense of taste or sense of smell dominates

the experience.
In the year 2008, according to the data released by Ministry of Tourism, a total
of 44, 72,257 tourists (foreign and local combined) visited the city of Delhi.
2
The term was inroduced by psychologist E. C. Tolman in 1948 to explain how
rats learned the locations of rewards in a maze.
maps are mental representations of physical locations. The primary
1.1 Choice of Medium
reason behind using the cognitive map approach was to simulate
The medium chosen to deploy this navigation system is in the form
the navigation solution provide by the field itself, i.e. the
of a smartphone application. Smartphones are personal devices,
knowledge of a local. Being shown around/guided by a local
the agronomics of which has been designed to be easy to handle
provides a better insight into a place than any other media. A
and operate in most of the environments. Coupled with their
locals implicit knowledge about a place is much deeper and wider
computing powers; these smartphones can easily pack large
than any website or application. This is why when some is guided
amount of information in a compact place. Today, an approximate
around a place by a local he has an opportunity to experience the
of more than 1.4 billion people around the world use smartphones
place as the local himself/herself does. What paths to take, what
(Business Insider Survey, 2013). Approximately 50% of tourists
part of the bazaar to experience, and at what time, all this is best
around the world expect to use travel apps for their travel needs at
recommended by a local to an area.
their destinations (TripAdvisor Survey, 2012). This means that a

large number of tourists are already accustomed to getting
The solution aims to be a prototype to demonstrate the design
assistance via their smartphones while travelling.
philosophy and strategy for addressing similar problems in all

places of interest. The prototype provides a way to interpret a usual
When a new solution is introduced to the users/tourists which even
conversation between a local and a tourist. And, then use that
though acts differently but appears similar to what they are already
interpretation to create a solution which would allow the tourist to
comfortable using; they can easily make the transition of getting
experience the environment, explore the surroundings and connect
acquainted with this new solution. All this led to the recognition of
with the hosts of the place they are visiting.
a smartphone app being the best medium for this solution.
Project Brief
markets (bazaars) to fulfil daily needs of the people and the palace.
Old cities and old bazaars have meaning and memories attached to
Old Delhi remained the capital of country and center to almost all
them and are usually tourists attractions. These places are also a
governance until 1911. In 1911 British Presidency was established
host to a number of points of interests and usually have a confined
in India and consequently followed by the establishment of New
structure. Such old bazaars seem chaotic to someone observing
Delhi. New Delhi then grew and eventually engulfed Old Delhi
from outside and can even overwhelm the external observer but in
within itself. Old Delhis four century old existence in a place that
reality they are structured and follow a systematic arrangement of
completed its first century in 2011, has given Old Delhi a
shops that can be noticed once someone gets acquainted with such
distinguished reputation and meaning.
bazaars. The project is centered on the idea that, when a tourist

visits a place that has some kind of socio-cultural/economic
The scene of Delhi inside and outside the walls of the walled city is
meaning attached to it and caters to multiple interests beyond its
very different, almost of different eras. The Delhi outside the walls
actual purposes, there he/she might face difficulty in locating and
of Old Delhi looks organized, and the bazaars inside the walls of
navigating all such points of interest.
Old Delhi looks chaotic and unorganized, to someone who has
2.1
Brief introduction of Old Delhi
visited the place for the first time. Despite the chaotic look of the
bazaars for an external, the bazaars in reality are structured and
Old Delhi was constructed in the 17th century as the capital City of
welcoming once someone starts experiencing them. The reason for
Mughal Empire. As the capital of the Mughal Empire (which
such a chaotic feel is the age of these bazaars itself. They have
spread almost across the entire country) the place acquired a lot of
been around since centuries, built and shaped according to the
architectural heritage in the form of palace of k6ing (Red Fort),
needs of the inhabitants. The streets and bazaars have been
houses of many nobles and members of the kings court, houses of
reconstructed, renovated and carved fresh in the last few centuries.
the masses living close to the royal settlement and also many
An example of such construction is the Nai Sadak in Old Delhi that
places of worship. This settlement then led to creation of consumer
was built by the British after the revolt of 1857. Nai Sadak
connects Chandni Chowk to Chawri Bazar and the street got its
serves a vast number of points of interests, is depicted like an
name because it is comparatively new. Many other minor and
everyday environment. Such physical maps dont serve as an
major constructions have taken place over the years and today it
effective tool for navigating points of interests in such places.
has reached to a point when the streets and alleys of Old Delhi
Someone who has not been to that place before does not know how
have obtained a labyrinthine nature. A wealth of history, culinary
the place is organized or what to expect from the environment.
culture, social culture and built form to be explored in Old
Highly detailed maps like Eicher Maps of Delhi and NCR; does
Delhi, which given the large number of tourists and labyrinth
mark points of interests on the physical map but not all of them.
like organization of streets makes the place a good site for this
This may change the tourists experience from what they originally
app
intended. A more personal and technologically advanced form of
2.2
Need for Design
Old Delhi is a tourist hotspot and each year lakhs of tourists visit
heritage sites such as Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Fatehpuri Masjid, Sis
Ganj Gurudwara, Begam Samrus Palace, etc. Yet detailed
information about the bazaars around these places, their changing
shapes, and the depth that bazaars have to offer is not readily
maps i.e. GPS maps are also an easily available solution. The use
of GPS maps is on the rise but they too have their limitations. The
streets of Old Delhi are narrow and congested. This makes the GPS
devices available in mobile phones unable to accurately pin point
the users location. The users location is thus in most cases shown
as an approximate value within a 500 meters radius. In a place like
Old Delhi 500 meters of radius means a different bazaar altogether.
available to the tourists. The promoted exotic image of the place

through many tourism websites may also create false expectations.
Various physical maps of Old Delhi such as the ones provided by
Delhi tourism or from sites like mapsofindia.com treat the place
like any general area. General meaning that an area like Old Delhi
that is a dynamic entity, has certain meanings attached to it and
Fig 2. Promoted exotic image of a

century old shop in Old Delhi
known as Jalebi wala. (Source:
Delhi Tourism website)
Fig 3. How the place actually looks

during every-day working hours.
The information that GPS maps or applications utilizing GPS maps
A high number of tourists that visit Old Delhi are interested in the,
provide are usually in the form of tagged solid structures which can
much talked about, food that the place has to offer. This has led to
lead to missing out on information for the shops that are makeshift.
the creation of a new kind of guided tourism popularly known as
Also the tagged information is not usually in the form of how
Old Delhi food/bazaar walks. These walks take batches of tourists
someone would look for it, for example the information tagged in
through specific pre-defined streets and alleys allowing them to
GPS is in the form of a specific name such as Ghantewala Sweet
taste food at certain popular joints spread across Old Delhi. Such
shop but, the tourist will rather look for what is served rather than
tours can cost up to INR5000 per person and the tourists are
by what name the place is known.
allowed to eat at certain famous food joints. They are also taught a
few recipes to cook. The whole path and stoppages are given to the
A high concentration of points of interests has made many people,
tourists beforehand (through the websites); this makes them feel
usually locals of Delhi, explore the streets and the street food of
secure while going for the tour. The paradoxical situation of
Old Delhi on their own. This has led to the creation of a number of
tourists that they want to experience something out of the ordinary
online blogs where people share their experiences about the places
yet want to feel safe [Judd and Fainstien, 1999] is met in such a
they visit. The accounting of this experience does more justice to
scenario. While undertaking such walks, tourists experience a
the essence of the bazaar than any other tourism application and
culture that is something extraordinary for them and yet feel safe as
also provides valuable information about the place. The number of
a guide is always present for assistance. Such guided tours in
people posting such blogs and their viewers is fairly good, which
reality limit the extent to which tourists can engage with their
shows that there is a high level curiosity among people regarding
environment. It may seem like that they let the tourists experience
Old Delhi and its points of interests. Such online posts do increase
the culture of Old Delhi but in reality what they do is create an
awareness about the more unexplored places but, they cannot be
illusion of that experience and by standardizing the tourism they
relied upon for navigating the place.
end up doing just the opposite and alienate the tourists. This also in
a way strains the relation of tourists and the hosts as none of them
10
are in direct contact with each other. Quoting from Judd and
Fainstiens 1999 book The Tourist City about tourism and culture
Reluctance to explore new street and alleys due to the

security risk involved
Watson and Kopachevsky argue that mass tourism, by

standardizing the experience of travelers, destroys individual
thought, choice, and action, I want to say that the best way of
experiencing a bazaar is through exploring it and hunting for
This issue can be resolved through designing an information

system that would take care of the above mentioned concerns of
the tourists.
various points of interests on your own. A bazaar unlike a
2.3
supermarket allows the shoppers to walk around, bargain/haggle,
The problem of navigating points of interests only concerns
and in the end provides a sense of accomplishment. When tourists
someone who is an outsider and is new to the area, not a local who
are not guided through a standard process of experiencing the
may know the place very well. Thus the key stakeholders or target
bazaar, only then they can experience the true culture of the
audience of the project are only the tourist that visit such a place.
bazaars of Old Delhi and may even form better relations with the
hosts of their points of interests.
2.4
Stakeholders
Goals
With the onset of the project the core goal has been to devise a
The tourists have some expectations from this place and want to
experience the food items that have been publicized all over by the
tourism industry but they face a basic problem of navigating these
points of interests. The issue of navigation of points of interests
may arise due to several reasons, such as:
Unavailability of adequate information
Lack of familiarity with the environment
system that would aid the tourists in their quest to experience the
environment they are visiting. The best way to experience any
environment is through the eyes and minds of the locals. A local
knows where the best outlets are and how to reach them easily. He
knows what routes to take and what to avoid. He also knows what
the specialties of every shop are. While doing all this, a local keeps
creating and updating a mental map [Yi Fu Tuan, 1975] of the
11
area. This mental map can be considered as an in-depth knowledge

needed to experience the environment.
Partial mental map of Chandni Chowk, Old Delhi.
Taking food as the guiding factor we decided to create a navigation

system which would allow the tourist to experience the
environment while exploring the sense of taste. The system aims to
replicate the knowledge of a local about the constantly changing
face of the bazaar and utilize it aiding the tourists plan their routes.
12
Research
3.1
Secondary Research
the king and the masses. This concentration of people living

together gave birth to the Old Delhis iconic syncretic culture that
is reflected in the culinary culture of this place today.
Using secondary research can add texture to a persons work

[Pavel Zemliansky, 2008].
Secondary research for this project started with reading books and
journals on the history of Old Delhi, to better understand its culture.
I started with collecting maps of Old Delhi from 1857 to 2012 and
reading a few articles of Shahjahanabad; to see how Old Delhi
expanded and became the present day Delhi. While studying these
maps and books the syncretic culture of Old Delhi revealed itself in
better ways.
Old Delhi (Shajahanabad) was the capital of India since the 17th
century and it was only in the late 19th century that Delhi as we
know it started to take shape. During those 2 centuries people
believing in different religions and belonging to different cultures
came together and lived in this small section now known as Old
Delhi. The reason for so many people living in this area was
primarily to support the king and the nobles; as a result many
bazaars also came into being in this concentrated space to support
13
Map of Delhi for the year 1857, 1893 and 1924 respectively. Shahjahanbad became Old Delhi after the year 1911, when along with the British constituency, New
Delhi was also established.
14
Tourism map of Delhi, 2013 [Delhi tourism website]. Highlighted
Detailed view of present day Old Delhi [Eicher Maps, Delhi 2013].
section is Shahjahanabad, now known as Old Delhi.
15
To understand how this syncretic culture is projected and promoted
Memory image is affected by the current stimuli, for
tourism websites, tourist reviews and blogs about Old Delhi were
example, a cold air from refrigerator can prompt images of
studied and dissected. During this exercise it was revealed that
cold snow-capped mountains that you may have visited.
there are a high number of people taking interest in Old Delhi and
Mental maps are discrete images such as of shops, street
its food. There are a number of blogs that only talk about food in
corners, monuments that can be read in mind and aid the
Old Delhi. Also, many tourism website and tourism planners sell
navigation.
the exoticness of just Old Delhi as a separate entity from the whole
Mental maps are used to give directions to a stranger,
of Delhi. Despite a high interest and a high revenue generation, the
but unless the mental sketch is exactly conveyed to the
information available about Old Delhi is still limited. It was during
stranger he/she is bound to ask for directions again after
the secondary research that I came across the term known as Old
some time.
Delhi walks, which has been mentioned earlier in this paper, and
Our migration is primarily goal-directed, and we create
the significantly high number tourists availing these despite the
mental images with only the important things we pay
high cost.
attention to. Our mind fill the rest of the space in the mental
map with arbitrary details and puts it in a level of
Since the project is based on the idea of tapping into the mental
abstraction
map/cognitive map of the locals, it was suggested to read the
This journal furthered the belief that one of the most viable ways of
journal Images and Mental Maps written by Yi-Fu Tuan, 1975.
experiencing and negotiating an environment is through the eyes
The salient features of the paper are:-
and minds of the locals.
We unconsciously make mental maps of the places we visit

regularly and store them without making any effort.
The next book read was The Tourist City by Dennis R. Judd,
Susan S. Fainstein, 1999. It talks about what the tourists desire
while undertaking the tour of a place.
16
Tourists want a dreamscape of visual consumption; certain
on a one to one basis so as to relate more with their lives and their
places are famous for being famous. Tourist spots are
culture. A culture which at the core maybe similar to their culture
created with large doses of mythology, folk memory and
as well.
popular fantasy.
Tourists often seek immersion in the daily lives of a culture
During the conceptualization of the product a point was reached
that is not their own. They expect to experience heritage
where it became evident that the problem of navigation at the very
and culture that makes up a citys essence.
core is the problem of Information design. This led to next book
Paradoxical situation of a tourist place is that the tourists
titled Information Design by Robert Jacobson, 2000. According
want to experience something out of the ordinary but they
to the book:-
want to feel safe too. They want excitement and safety at
the same time.
pictures, charts, graphs employing whether conventional or
Mass tourism, by standardizing the experience of travelers,
digital means.
destroys individual thought, choice and action; and creates
Tourism depends on exoticism to fulfill the desires of the
Information design brings together design, research and

cognitive science.
a strained social relation between the hosts and guests.
Information design means communication by words,
Information design closely follows the concept of Form
traveler but exoticism is almost necessarily fake as the
Follows Function and thus, understanding the function is
reality of life is same everywhere.
the most important aspect of efficient information design.
This book provides an insight to the reason behind the high number
For example, designing documents for government and
of food walks being undertaken by the tourists and why many
designing a warning label are two very different function
people are attracted to places of meaning such as Old Delhi. As a
yet both of them are information design problems.
food for thought the book leaves the reader thinking that instead of
mass tourism the tourists should interact with the hosts of the city
17
Understanding how people solve problems provides
they go to/inhabit in some way for their academic work. The
designers with the insight required to determine what
students worked for 2 minutes in each pen color, beginning with
information is required and when to make it accessible.
blue, moving to red, and then ending with black. Studying those
Wayfinding refers to the cognitive and behavioral abilities
cognitive maps it was clear how we interpret the space around us.
associated with purposefully reaching a desired physical
The most important places are planted first and then a path
destination.
connecting those places is created. Places with less and less
Wayfinding is a threefold process consisting of
importance are planted hierarchically.
o Decision making and development of a plan

o Decision execution, transforming the plan into
behavior at appropriate places.
o Perception and cognition (information processing).
Providing the necessary information to make and
This helped in creating the map for product and deciding how to
make food the guiding factor. Thus, food outlets/flavors are given
the primary importance and are planted first and then the path to
reach them is created.
execute decisions.
All this secondary research and reading, along with constant
While in the process of making the product I came across a blog
post
featuring illustrations and description regarding an
experiment on cognitive maps conducted by Donna Lancos,

Ethnographer at Atkins Library. In the experiment she gave her
students 3 different color markers and they were given 6 minutes to
complete each map, and were asked to map all of the places that
support and brainstorming sessions with the mentors, helped a

great deal in shaping the product into what it is now.
3.2
Field Visits
Field trips were undertaken to put myself in the shoes of the

tourists and locals. This helped to understand how each group
reacts to the same environment. A series of observations and
Playing with Cognitive Mapping feature on web blog The Anthropologist

in the Stacks
18
interviews were conducted to fully understand how such places are
Observation
interpreted and experienced.
The visit to Teen Darwaza was done on a Sunday, during Gujarats

most celebrated festive season i.e. Navratri. This resulted in a huge
Ahmedabad (Teen Darwaza)
number of shoppers (mostly locals) being present at the bazaar.
Teen Darwaza isnt my actual field of research but the visit was
There were no foreigners but there were tourists from out of
made for two reasons. Firstly, to perform a comparative study of
Gujarat.
Old bazaar that has come up around a place of tourist interest.

Secondly, visiting my research field, Delhi was not possible in the
The local crowd, that has visited the place more than once, was
middle of ongoing semester at my college in Gandhinagar, Gujarat.
mostly there to buy specific things. Things such as table cloths,
Before this visit, a trip to Old Delhi had already been made once;
furniture, jewelry, clothing, shoes, socks, ethnical dresses, etc. are
and as a conclusion to that trip the tourism of senses had been
all available in this bazaar. Among the interviewees were a couple I
narrowed down to the tourism of sense of taste.
shopping specifically table clothes. A group of Gujarati teenage

boys had come to the bazaar to specifically look for tee shirts at a
Teen Darwaza was created in 141 A.D. by Sultan Ahmed Shah,
good bargain.
during the creation of the city of Ahmedabad. This adds a meaning

to the area and makes it distinguished from its surroundings. Today
Non-local crowd on the other hand would usually look at Teen
Teen Darwaza is surrounded by Bazaar that has been there for
Darwaza (the place of meaning) first. It doesnt matter how filthy it
more than decades now and serves various points of interests
looks, due to all the garbage kept there, we would still admire it for
condensed in a small area. Navigating these points of interest can
some time. It is an act of taking in the place of meaning of that area.
be a hassle for an outsider as there are no sign posts to distinguish
Then most of the tourists would stroll down the market looking at
sections like in a super market and physical maps of the place also
things that catch their fancy; things that can be bought as souvenirs.
dont show these points of interests.
In cases when the tourist is looking for something specific, they
19
would ask the shopkeepers for directions. As an exercise to see
Old Delhi
how the exchange of directions happen I asked a shopkeeper where
First Visit
I could buy Kurtas.
The first visit was made to the field when the project was still in a
Me: Bhaiya, yahan Kurta kahan milta hai?
nascent stage. At this time the thought was to create a system for
To this the shopkeeper replied Wahan Manek Chowk ki taraf mil
tourism of senses. Thus, the major concentration was on tagging
jaega (you can find it near Manek Chowk), point in the direction
the senses as and when found in all the bazaars of Old Delhi. Old
of the place.
Delhi, to put it mildly, is a sensory overload. There are things

shouting for attention, and required focusing multiple senses at a
Understanding
Any activity in the bazaar is mostly goal-driven. Goal can
time. In the following paragraphs I have tried to briefly summarize

my observations and findings categorized into different bazaars.
be as specific as buying tee shirts or as vague as strolling

and looking for souvenirs.
Ajmeri Gate Road The shops here deal in all kinds of metals,
Locals usually know their way around the place. They
metal works and metal equipment. A lot of shops can be seen
create a mental map of the place, putting in it the
cutting metal sheets with machines that can be heard roaring from
whereabouts of all the shops. Also abstractly tagging them
far. Occasional sound of sheets being tossed can be heard and a
with good or bad deals.
few food vendors selling kadi Chawal and Chole Kulche can be
Non-locals like to explore bazaars.
seen along the street.
While asking for directions a non-local would usually ask a
person he thinks has been around long enough, like a
Chawri Bazaar A few shops here deal in copperware products
shopkeeper.
such as bells, utensils, statuettes, etc. The place was originally a
Directions are given with the help of popular landmarks and
copperware market until later when paper and paper product shops
suggestive sketches of the location.
started opening up. Now it is mostly known as a paper market.
20
Loud thud of paper bundles being put on carts is heard from time
Parathewaali Gali on Chandni Chowk is filled with the smell of
to time and the shouts of rickshaw and hand-cart pullers to make
freshly made parathas and sounds of people chattering.
way for them can be heard at all times. The street is peppered with
Chole Kulche sellers. There are many shops that in invitation cards,
Khari Baoli this place is Asias biggest spice market. Established
usually wedding. Many soon to marry women and men can be seen
in the 17th century itself the bazaar is known for dealing in all kinds
shopping for their perfect invitation card here.
of spices and staple foods. The place is test for the nose; it is filled
with smell of all kinds of spices. I sneezed a few times while
Nai Sadak - Nai Sadak is known for dealing in books and
walking down the bazaar. Along with the smell I could hear the
stationary items. Walking down the road I encountered people after
horns and shouts of workers and their vehicles, which were moving
every few steps asking me if I want to buy books for competitive
consignments of spices from the bazaar to their other locations.
exams. Piles of books on footpath and constant bargain are a

common sight. A few shops deal in sarees, and men asking every
Matia Mahal This place is known for its delicacies in non-veg
woman to buy sarees can be seen standing outside such shops.
food. As I entered the place the scent of freshly cooked meat and
Along with this many Chole Kulche, rabri faluda, kulfi and tikki
chicken filled my nostrils. Azan from Jama Masjid can be heard at
sellers can be seen here.
5 different times in a day. There are shops dealing in sweet dishes

like phirni, shahi tukde, paneer jalebi, meetha samosa, etc.
Chandni Chowk The most dominating thing here is the sound of

loudspeakers blaring, warning people to be cautious of
The list of bazaars is extensive when it comes to Old Delhi, each
pickpockets. Sounds of prayers from Sis Ganj Gurudwara and
bazaar serving specific kind of goods, each bazaar different from
Azaan from Sunheri Masjid can be heard at certain specific times.
the other. All these mentioned here are just the scratched surfaces
Chandni Chowk is famous for its many chaat shops. The
for what comprise of Old Delhi. Each and every sense is tested and
satisfied to its very end in Old Delhi. Even a single bazaar serves a
21
Both of these shops have been here at parathewaali gali for almost 150 years.
22
huge diversity and overwhelms the senses. After the visit I realized
the address of great poet Mirza Ghalib 4 during his final days. The
that creating a solution for tourism of senses might be an
Mirza Ghalib ki Haveli is still there and manages to attract a few
impossible task in the given time frame. Hence, the idea of creating
curious visitors but is usually ignored by the majority of crowd.
tourism of senses was modified. From tourism of senses the
The bazaar mainly deals in shoes and spectacles. The entrance to
thought changed to creating a navigation solution that uses food
the bazaar is jam-packed with shoe shops which later give way
[sense of taste] as the governing factor for finding ones way
shops dealing in spectacles and other eye wear. Along the bazaar
around the place. The primary reason for choosing food was that it
there are some 20 shops dealing in the food business, some of them
is the biggest factor after heritage tourism that brings tourists to
sell raw meat, while a few only sell flat breads (Rotis), and others
Old Delhi,
are regular eateries (dhabas) meant to serve daily wage earners.

The dhabas serve both veg and non-veg food and the menu can
Second Visit
include think like chole bhatture, rajma chawal, chicken curry and
The second and first visits to the field have a difference of a few
roti, etc. The street is also has vendors who sell eatables such as
months between them. This visit was undertaken after the end of
chole kulche, kadi chawal, chicken and roti from stalls. These
semester. By this time the project proposal had been approved.
vendors come to their fixed spots every day during lunch time and
During this visit the main objective was to scout out different food
after their product is sold they go back to prepare food to be sold at
items, location of eateries & food vendors and places of interest in
dinner. Though the bazaar deals in food/eatables it is not
different bazaars.
considered into a food tourism destination as of now.
The first bazaar in line for research/exploration was Ballimaran.

The primary reason for choosing this bazaar was the fact that it was
4
Mirza Asadullah Baig Khan was a classical Urdu and Persian poet from India
during British colonial rule. He used his pen-names of Ghalib and Asad. He is
considered to be one of the most popular and influential poets of the Urdu
language.
23
Situated Next to Ballimaran is the bazaar of Nai Sadak. Nai sadak
Chandni Chowk road is the common street that connects Nai Sadak,
was constructed by the British after the revolt of 1857, to connect
Ballimaran and Fatehpuri Masjid and Red Fort. This section of Old
Chawri Bazaar and Chandni Chowk. The street is called Nai Sadak
Delhi has some of the famous spots for food tourism. It is also the
(Nai meaning new in Hindi, and sadak meaning street) because
landing point of maximum number of people who visit Old Delhi.
it is relatively new compared to Old Delhi. The street is known for
The place has some of the most famous shops in Old Delhi like
its huge market of books and stationaries. The street is always
Natraj Dahi bhalle waale, Kanwarjis, Giani Di hatti, Shri Balaji
buzzing with kids who are there to buy books on competitive
Chaat bhandar, Bhishan Swaroop, Ghantewala Halwai, Jalebi wala
exams or course content. The street also sees a lot of tourist traffic
and the famous Parathewali Gali. Most of these shops are more
as it the most prominent street connecting Chawri Bazaar to
than a century old and have been serving at least one same dish
Chandni Chowk. Along with the shops selling books there are a
since then. The shops Ghantewala is probably the oldest and is
few eating joints along the street too. The permanent shops on the
around since 1790. The ownership and fame of these shops has
streets deal in eatables such as Chole Bhatture, Bread Pakoda,
been handed down through the generations and they still do justice
Gulab Jamun, Kachori Subzi and Lassi in drinks. The street has
to their fame. Along with these famous and historically rich places
vendors who sell Chole Kulche and Aloo Tikkis from movable
there are also vendors selling Daulat ki Chaat, Bread Pakode,
makeshift stalls but are always found at the same place. Next to
Chole kulche, ShakarKandi and Kulfi from makeshift stalls all
these Chole kulche vendors, the street also sees Kulfi and Rabri
along the street of Chandni Chowk. Chandni Chowk is also the
Faluda sellers during summers. During winters a few vendors
address of the famous Bishan Swaroop, the only place in Old Delhi
selling Tikkis change to selling Cheelas at the same place. All these
that sells Kulle Chaat 5. The shop is tucked away in the by lanes of
vendors usually see Indian customers and Foreigners just pass them
Chandni Chowk but every food enthusiast finds his to this place.
by as none of them is that famous.

5
Kulle Chaat is a savory mixture of Aloo Chaat served on top of scooped out
boiled potatoes, bananas, cucumber, and tomatoes.
24
Ghantewala confectioners were established in 1790 and have been in the business of selling sweets for the last 200 years.
25
These famous shops bring a huge amount of food enthusiast to the
Shah mounted his horse and rode from the palace to the Roshan-
place and are the hot food destinations.
od-Dowala mosque (the former name of Sunehri Masjid). As he

arrived there with his men about him, some people threw stones
It is not just the food that draws tourists here; the place has its own
from balconies and windows around the mosque, and a shot was
share of cultural and architectural heritage. The Bhai Mati Das
fired, killing an officer beside him. He had already made up his
Chowk or the place known as fountain chowk among the locals is
mind, but this final insult may have added fury to Nadirs
the very first stop encountered after exiting the footpath of Chandni
frustration. He went to the roof of the mosque and stood by the
Chowk Metro Station. This fountain is a shrine in the memory of
golden domes, looking out over the houses, shops and roof of the
the three dearest followers of Guru Teg Bahadar, the ninth Sikh
Chandni Chowk district. He ordered that no one should be left alive
Guru. The followers were brutally murdered on the orders of
in any part where any of his soldiers had been killed, and then drew
Aurangzeb in order to send a warning to Guru Teg Bahadur for
his sword as a signal that the massacre should begin. The presence
refusing to convert to Islam. Opposite to the fountain is the Sis
of such historically important sites and famous eateries makes
Ganj Gurudwara. This Gurudwara is one of the most important
Chandni Chowk a very highly visited tourist spot of Old Delhi.
places among the Sikh community. The Gurudwara was made as a

shrine to the ninth Sikh Guru, who was beheaded (Sis meaning
The next bazaar in line for visit was Dariba Kalan. Dariba Kalan,
Head) here on the orders of Aurangzeb when he refused to convert
the street of incomparable pearl (Dariba roughly meaning
to Islam. The trunk of the banyan tree under which Guru was
unparalleled pearl), is Asias largest jewelry market. The street has
martyred and the well where Guru took his daily bath while being
been there since the 17th century. It connects Chandni Chowk to
imprisoned can be seen even today. Right Next to Sis Ganj
Jama Masjid and was a popular market for precious stones and
Guruwara (on the western side) is the Sunheri Masjid. This mosque
gold and silver jewelry during the Mughal rule. The street also has
has its own history, dating back to the 18th century. The story
a sad and brutal history. Dariba Kalan is one of the streets that
related to this place goes, on the morning of 22 March 1739, Nader
26
Left: Sis Ganj Gurudwara at Bhai Mati Das Chowk. Right: shrine of Guru Teg Bhahadurs three beloved followers, the shrine is commonly known as
fuwaara (fountain).
27
witnessed the Qatal-E-aam (massacre of Delhi) on 22 March 1739,
the day, it shows its inner life (and beauty) in the night when it is
on the orders of Nadir Shah.
time to dine and laugh with friends. The bazaar in its true sense
comes alive after 7pm. At the starting point of the bazaar just
Most of the shops on this street today trade in silver, gold, kundan,
opposite to the gate No.1 of Jama Masjid are a few book shops
polki and diamond jewelry. While walking down the street I also
selling books of Urdu authors that are not available anywhere else
saw many jewelers showcasing shields and trophies. Along with
in the city. At the start of the street there is Kallan Sweets, known
jewelry there are some shops that deal in itar (a variety of perfume).
for its meetha samosa, paneer jalebi and phirni. The bazaar boasts
of Karims restaurant, the most famous Mughlai specialty
The beginning of the street is marked by the famous shop of Jalebi
restaurant in Old Delhi. Adjacent to Karims is Al-Jawahar, the
wala, which has been around for almost 150 years. This shop only
restaurant that makes Kebabs and curries even better than the
deals in jalebis and samosas and at no point during the day the
Karims. Both the restaurants are nearly a century old.
shop is seen without customers queuing up to get their hands on
outside Karims is an Al-Shahi Chicken corner, a small time
those mouthwatering jalebis. The street doesnt have any fixed
restaurant that sells chicken delicacies. Walking down the street
eateries but there are a number of vendors selling eatables from
there are a few dhabas that also deal in all sorts of non-veg cuisines.
makeshift stalls. These vendors selling food items like Daulat ki
There are a few vendors selling fen and rusk, the classic Delhi
Chaat, Chole Kulche and Shakarkandi (Sweet Potato); one or two
breads. A few steps down the street are some shops selling
juice vendors can be seen selling fresh juice from makeshift stalls.
traditionally made sweets such as Shahi Tukde, paneer jalebi,
At the end of the street (towards Jama Masjid) is an un-named shop
phirni and badam milk (almond milk) bottles. Though the bazaar
dealing in samosa, kachori, bread pakode and tikkis.
has quite a few restaurants its real capacity is seen at night. At
Right
night many vendors come and line up at the entry of the bazaar and
After Dariba Kalan I went ahead towards Jama Masjid Gate No.1
sell tikkas and kebabs on skewers. There are two vendors right
to visit the famous non-veg bazaar Matia Mahal. Chaotic during
outside Al-Jwahar that sell beef biryani. In the night along with the
28
food vendors many small makeshift shops also come up. These
After visiting all these bazaars the research was fixed so that the
shops usually sell T-shirts, pajams, kidswear, etc.
product can be created on a section of Old Delhi and then

replicated or expanded to include the whole of Old Delhi. During
Next bazaar up for exploring was Chawri Bazaar. Contrary to
this exercise Ballimaran was excluded from the final research area
Matia Mahal which is dominantly a Muslim area and deals in non-
as it was firstly, not a tourist destination and secondly, the other
veg food this place is a completely vegetarian bazaar. The bazaar
bazaars cover a wider range of food products than Ballimaran.
has Jama Masjid on one end and Hauz Qazi Chowk on the other.
After the completion of this visit and field notes I created a
The place is primarily a paper market but has some of the famous
cognitive map of the place from my own memory in-order to
eateries. Among these eateries two names Heera Lal Chaat
evaluate how locals plant specific information in places they visit
Bhandar and Shyam Sweets shine the brightest. Both shops have
every day.
been around for decades and have made quite a name for them.
Heera Lal Chaat Bhandar is known for its Aloo Chaat and Fruit
Chaat; while Shyam Sweets is known from its Bedmi Puri. Bedmi
Puri is flat bread made with pulses but the Bedmi Puri at Shyam
Sweets tastes nothing like a simple flat bread. There are other
shops along the street that deal in chole bhatture, bread Pakode,
lassi, kachori and subzi, gulab jamun and papri chaat. Along with
these shops there are vendors on makeshift stalls selling chole
kulche and some selling the savory Gol Gappe (Pani Puri, water
balls, pani kay batashe; they are known by many names). Along the
way there are also a few Tikkiwalas on movable stalls moving
across the length of bazaar and selling tikkis.
Hand drawn cognitive map of proposed research section in Old Delhi.
29
Heera Lal Chaat bhandar has been operating out of this tiny
settlement for the past 75 years. Although limited the menu is
nothing short of a treat for the taste buds.
30
Third Visit
savvy kids having internet enabled smartphones still want to ask
The third visit to Old Delhi was undertaken a couple of weeks after
the locals for directions.
the previous visit. The objective of this visit was to interview users
to get a clear picture as to how they navigate. Delhi has a
After a days inability to contact any other tourist I took a few of
reputation for being unsafe, especially for women, so most tourists
my non-local friends to Old Delhi. Hoping they might increase my
avoid long conversations or any conversation at all with strangers.
chances of talking to a tourist, if we looked like a bunch of tourists
Most of the foreigners are already annoyed with people trying to
ourselves. But, the tourist (mostly foreigners) turn down any
sell them one thing or the other and they avoid any locals
attempts made to contact them. Reasons such as robbery, con, and
approaching them. After spending hours roaming on the streets,
people trying to sell grey market stuff that make foreign tourists
observing tourists and numerous turn down by foreign tourists I
cautious of the locals. So even on the second day of failed attempts
managed to talk a few guys visiting Old Delhi. In this group one
I decided to make a few observations myself. Most tourists stick
was a local of Delhi, living in Laxmi Nagar, East Delhi; which near
with their guides as they can then know about the history of the
to where I live. Of the rest one was from Patna, another from
place and also feel safe in the environment. Some tourists
Lucknow and one from Allahabad. All them were batch mates, all
undertake the much publicized Old Delhi heritage walks or Old
around 19-20 years of age had come to Old Delhi because they
Delhi rickshaw rides. Both the trips are organized by tourism
have heard a lot about it. One of them was particularly keen on
companies and they show tourists around in a controlled manner.
eating at the Karims restaurant he had heard so much about. I
The third type of tourists is the one that enter Old Delhi from the
asked the non-locals what would have they done had they not know
Jama Masjid Gate no. 3 tourist bus parking spot. These tourists are
any one Delhi. Almost unanimously they replied that they would
dropped in front of gate no. 3 of Jama Masjid and given instruction
have landed at the place, with some background research of must
as to which street to visit. These tourists then go around in small
visit places and must have food and asked around for directions.
batches taking photographs of whatever interests them, without
The answer seems simple but what is important is that even tech-
really knowing the history behind anything and neither tasting all
31
the delicious foods they pass by. After their stroll around the fixed
would prefer to ask shopkeepers for directions and suggestions
pre-communicated bazaars they return to their original place and
and/or use a map to reconfirm the path.
board the buses they came from.

Due to a small sample of tourist interviews I decided to interview a
few friends of mine who have never been to Old Delhi. All of them
were asked the same question If you are going to visit Old Delhi
for food tourism, how you will go about doing it? The question
was meant to be an open for interpretation statement so as to get a
variety of answers. Though the answers waivered a bit but most of
them had almost the same response. Most of them suggested asking
locals for suggestions regarding where to eat and how to get there.
All of them believed the locals have a more in-depth implicit
knowledge of a place and can suggest the best place to enjoy the
food. Almost none of them depended on any kind of app as most of
them believe that current apps show only the places that are either
publicize or are very well known. Apps lack the in-depth
knowledge about a place. Women were a bit more cautious than
men and preferred to do a thorough background research as to what
all is available and approximately where, before going to visit the
place. Also women are skeptical about asking any local in Old
Delhi, due to its recent increase in crime against women, they
32
Evaluation of available products
navigation but lack details for locating desired place in Old Delhi.
The first exercise undertaken towards the creation of this product
This leaves the tourist with the task of juggling between the two
was to evaluate and understand the current available information
pieces of information to find their way around.
about the field. These sources include everything from print

material to tourism websites, to smartphone apps for tourists.
First up for evaluation were the print materials available for

tourists visiting Delhi or Old Delhi. There arent many available
options when it comes to printed material. The prominent source of
printed material is the Delhi tourism office/website. Delhi tourism
department provides tourist with map of Delhi and somewhat
detailed maps of different sections of Delhi. Ever since the
Commonwealth Games of 2010 Delhi Tourism has also come with
a guide to must see, must visit and must do things in Delhi, The
guide lists important heritage places, famous eating joints and
bazaars for shopping and can be downloaded from their website.
The two printed materials come from the same source but they look
like two completely disconnected pieces of collateral.
The Commonwealth Games guide provides addresses and

suggestive locations of the places but there is no map to aid the
navigation of the tourist. The map on the other hand can aid the
33
Pages from Commonwealth Games Guide;

issued by Delhi Tourism. These pages
mention some of the famous eating places
in Old Delhi.
34
Map of Old Delhi 2013, as issued by Delhi Tourism. The map is listed as map of Chandni Chowk, which is only a part of Old Delhi.
35
Another piece of print collateral which was evaluated for
connectivity and rapid changes, print collateral are largely at the
navigating Old Delhi is the Eicher Delhi City map, 2013. Eicher
mercy of the source for any kind of updates. These updates can
map is an annually published set of highly detailed street level
take from a couple of months to a year or more. Also, a bazaar is a
maps of the cities in India, packaged in the form of a book for each
dynamic entity; it changes shape constantly, shops open and close
city. Since it is in the form of a book, it increases the ease of use.
at different times of the day and at different sell different products
The tourist can easily flip through to connecting pages instead of
in different seasons. This dynamic nature of the bazaar cannot be
having to manage a cumbersome folded map in crowded places.
portrayed justly by the ways of a static entity.
The book features many well-known and not-so-well-known shops

and landmarks. Along with that it lists in detail street names,
Many tourists today refer to various websites to gather information
shopping complexes, hospitals, etc. to aid the tourists in effectively
while planning their trips, which is a long and tiring process.
navigating the space around them. The collateral has potential of
Information over the internet is scattered and not always readily
being a one stop solution for navigation but lacks in a few aspects.
available. Some websites promote tour organizers than act as an
As in case of Old Delhi, places like Mc Donalds that came only
information hub; this can create frustration among the tourists.
during the last decade or so are mentioned but places like Natraj
Dahi Bhalle and Jalebi wala, which have been around for
Official Delhi tourism website provides good amount of
almost/more than a century fail to feature. This can lead to altering
information about Old Delhi, its history and its culture but the
the way a tourist might interact with his environment, hence
Information on the website is scattered and sometimes confusing.
altering the overall tourism experience.
Delhi Tourism website refers to the whole of Old Delhi as Chandni

Chowk, in its map section, while Chandni Chowk is only a part of
An inherent problem with print material is the fact that they are
Old Delhi. Old Delhi Shopping and Old Delhi food are two
static. Any print collateral is dependent on new issues to reflect any
completely different sections on the website with no inter-linking
and all changes that might have taken place. In todays age of
between them. This creates a break in the flow of information.
36
Website like Lonely Planet do a good job at educating the tourists

about the history of the place and things they need to know before
planning a trip. They allow tourists to book for guides, hotels,
flights, etc. and inform them about must visit places. An important
part of such websites is the user comments and review sections.
This allows for potential tourists to read other peoples experiences
and learn from the negatives ones, while look forward to
experiencing the positive experience themselves. What these sites
do not do is treat places, like old Delhi, having rich cultural
importance with a different perspective. For the sake of pre-defined
templates and structure these places are treated exactly like any
other place.
Delhi Tourism Website, showing shopping and eating as two different entities
with no inter-linking.
37
Reviews prove helpful for potential tourists in planning their trips.
38
Promotion of Bazaar walks with links leading to other websites
Information provided at lonely Planet website
39
With the advent of smartphones many people today use their hand
grown up it. Same goes for the food, we like to taste what the
held devices for navigation. These smartphones are easily
locals of a place prefer or suggest rather than what we like and
accessible and always connected; they combine the features of map
have been eating all our lives.
and a website in one package. Banking on the increasing trend of

smartphone usage many companies have created applications
A few applications do have a better philosophy than others. For
specifically for tourism and navigation.
example; Foodspotting, it is an application that shows food items

with highest recommendations around the tourists current location.
These applications allow users to post reviews and add new
This way it can recommend the tourist with the best food options
locations to the application. This in turn helps build a community
recommended by others, without the tourist having to explicitly
where people can share experiences and allow for others to shape
look for them. What this lacks is the option for tourist to get
their experience. A few applications also provide recommendations,
acquainted with the ever changing nature of the bazaars, the food
which further help tourist to experience the environment.
items are always shown regardless that the shop is open or not. The
essence of the bazaar is in its dynamic nature, which allows for
Evaluating these apps a common problem was perceived; all of
people to experience something new at every time they visit.
them have the one-size-fits-all approach. These applications ask for

specific keywords from the user, such as the type of a food item or
Another application My IndiEye takes care of the experience of
flavor and then show shops around them. This is not how we
tourists who are visiting heritage sites in India. Though still in its
usually act while we are on a tour in real life. We like to ask the
early stages the application incorporates aspects of cognitive maps
other person/local what the authentic food items of the place are
and tourism of senses. The application utilizes audio and visuals to
and then make a decision based on that. The rationale for such an
provide history and trivia about places. Such a practice then in turn
action is that while touring a place we want to experience the
leads to a positive and more immersive experience for the tourist.
culture of the place we are in and leave behind what we have
40
Location based food suggestions given by FoodSpotting application.
41
Immersive experience of My IndiEye through usage of images, audio and video.
42
After evaluating these applications available in the market two

things became clear. Firstly, places with rich socio-cultural
heritage need to be treated differently than everyday run to the mill
kind of areas. Secondly, while tourists are out exploring a place; it
is advisable to suggest/recommend options and let them choose
from it rather than to ask what they want specifically.
43
nuisance. But if that map is scaled into the size of a mobile phone,
Product
5.1
Introduction to Product Philosophy
which easily fits the palm of the tourists hand, then that, increases
the usability of the map. Also since the product is a mobile
On the basis of field research and brainstorming sessions it can be
application, it exploits the fact that almost 50% of the tourists today
said that the problems faced while navigating Old Delhi rises due
are already use smartphone for travel based applications
to lack of information, unreliability on technology, language
(TripAdvisor Survey, 2012). This in turn creates a level of
barrier, and ineffective knowledge transfer. The problem of
familiarity between the user and the product.
wayfinding is at the core a problem of information design.

Information design necessitates the design principle of Form
The application does not rely heavily on GPS technology as a
Follows Function . Thus, this product is created with the thought
wayfinding solution, this in turn subtly and unconsciously aims to
of first understanding what kind of information is needed and at
urge the tourist to interact with the locals. This is achieved by the
what time; and then providing the required information in a
fact that while negotiating the place the tourist knows
suitable and easily understandable format. The solution also takes
approximately from where they have started and where the places
care of the loss of cognitive knowledge that takes places during the
of interests are. They are also shown the locations of places that
transfer of mental maps. Thus the tourists do not have to ask for
may or may not be of their direct interests. What they are not
directions at every intersection.
shown is their current location. This creates a chance, rather

opportunity where the tourist might feel a sense of directionless-
Using a map as a navigation tool has been practiced since centuries,
ness or being lost.
but in places like Old Delhi (or bazaars to be general) where the
streets are more often than not crowded, using a map can be a
Being lost in a bazaar is not necessarily a bad thing. It opens us up

to asking directions and exploring the place. While doing so we get
Form follows function states that the shape of any product should be primarily
based upon its intended function or purpose.
a golden opportunity to explore and experience a culture which is
44
not our own. This experiencing of the completely different culture

is in reality the essence of tourism. While the tourists have the
feeling of being lost they will be tempted to ask a local for
direction. This conversation then might give them an opportunity to
interact with the hosts of the place they are visiting. This will help
in removing alienation of the tourists that standardization of
tourism creates.
5.2
Iteration 1
5.2.1 Application Flow/Information Architecture

While making the first iteration the intent was to create a product
that would solve all the problems the tourists have to face. The
flow is a mixture of decision that a tourist would make on the field,
and how the application will respond to it.
While creating the product an iterative approach was taken. This

kind of approach helped in enhancing the product and its usability.
Aspects such as user interface, icons, colors, interaction with the
product, information architecture, etc. were tested for usability
among peers, friends and mentors. The provided user feedback was
then analyzed across the above mentioned aspects and utilized to
improve the product in the next iteration. Thus, essentially the
product is not just the final iteration but all the iterations and
processes that led to the final iteration are also a part of the product.
45
46
5.2.2 Paper Prototype

Paper prototyping is a quick method of penning down ideas on
sheets of paper and then using those designs as a low fidelity
prototype to see how the final product will function. For this
purpose, I printed mobile stencils and drew all the screens on them
individually; in the process giving shape to my thoughts and also
testing it for usability. In my personal experience from working on
mobile application design, I believe paper prototyping helps in
fixing design elements, information flow flaws and human-product
interaction at an early stage. Any problems faced while
using/testing the product can be easily and effectively corrected
with just an eraser and a pencil. This in turn speeds up the process
of graphic design and with minimal adjustments. During this phase
the testing of product was done by me.
The application is supposed to be a complete offline, stand-alone

solution. Thus, in order to personalize the experience, the
In the following paragraphs, I have tried to explain the
application asks the tourist to provide his/her current location. The
functionality of each screen that I drew. I have also tried to provide
current location is picked from the options provided. The options
the rationale for all the design elements and the flow of information
are made based on the observation that there are only a limited
through these paper sketches.
ways to enter the field. These points of entry can be used to then
center the location of the tourist (approximately) and provide
suggestions for all the eating places around him/her. The icons are
intended to communicate the location without having the need to
47
read the text. To ease navigation text is used as a support to the

icons.
The tourist can filter the suggestions based on criteria such as

location (only a specific bazaar), cuisines, rating, budget, etc.
After the tourist provides his/her location, the application then

suggests eateries around him/her. Here the tourist can perform
functions like filter, sort, add new place or view information about
any eatery.
48
The tourist can also choose to view an eatery on the map and the
Along the route major landmarks are marked on the map. The
path to reach that place from his/her provided current location.
tourist can then tap on these landmarks and read history and trivia
about these places. Any related media is also available for the
tourist to view. This will result in educating the tourists about the
place and creating a more immersive experience.
49
5.2.3 Graphic Design

Based on the sketches created during the paper prototype activity
few screen designs were created for the application, to fix elements
like color and icon family. The base color that was chosen for the
app was Red. The reason for choosing the color was that
according to color psychology red provokes appetite and is
considered to be closely related to food
50
5.2.5 Code
Since I am not familiar with coding for native mobile applications;
my first instinct was to look for tools that would help generate the
code while I place the design elements on screen. After researching
a few tools like Proto.io, Webflow, Foundation, Jetstrap, etc. It was
decided to go ahead with Proto.io. The tool allows to create
application in HTML5, using pre-defined components that can be
dropped on the canvas and then configured. The final output
HTML5 files can easily be packaged and run on any modern day
device. This also takes out the need to code the application in the
native language of each device.
51
Application screenshots
52
5.2.6 Usability Test
Furthermore, the fact that application doesnt know where the
This iteration was like the stepping stone for the next to come.
person is can induce frustration and insecurity; especially when the
Since it was the first iteration, many things were bound to go
field is a crowded bazaar.
wrong; and they did. Starting from the beginning, the application
5.3
flow was way too complex. While I tried to segregate and define
each and every decision, I forgot that is not how we usually think.
My mentor pointed out that there are only two required decision
flows. First, when the user wants to reach a specific destination.
Second, when the tourist wants to see and experience what the
place has to offer.
Iteration 2
After the list of changes suggested for first iteration, I started

working on improving everything from scratch. Rethinking the
entire product idea, the product was divided into two parts. The
basic idea now was to create compact information dispensing units
would be setup at areas of meaning such as Red Fort, Jama Masjid,
Metro Stations, etc. These units will provide tourists with
The chosen red color for the application was intended to be

appetizing but the current tone of red made more towards alarming
red, hence defeating the purpose. The icons used made the
application look very neat, but they also made it look very generic.
The aspects of Old Delhi were nowhere to be seen; this worked
against the philosophy of the application to provide an immersive
experience.
Asking the tourist his/her location, seemed like a good idea at

that time, also worked against the application. A person who is new
to the place may or may not know his exact entry point.
pamphlets and detailed road maps of Old Delhi, for a certain fee.
The maps will be configured in terms of points of interest (food
joints) and landmarks. The pamphlets will have general
information about Old Delhi, the bazaars, points of interests
offered and trivia about such places. These information dispensing
units will help the tourists to plan out their route of the walled city
based on their own preferences of point of interests.
Using this analogy to create a digital solution, it was ideated to

create kiosks that would be put at various places in Old Delhi,
preferably places of meaning and high footfalls. The kiosks are
53
essentially information distribution units. They would allow the

tourists, who have the application installed on their devices, to
connect their respective devices with the kiosk. The kiosk will
function like a token dispensing machine, commonly used in the
subways, and will allow tourists to insert cash and in return will
install the map of selected region(s) on their device for a certain
time. The kiosk will suggest probable areas to visit based on what
kind of food the tourist wants to taste.
Suggestive sketch of the kiosk interface.
54
Software Functionalities
Application Functionalities
Payment Options
Show places on map
Area categorization and
Show places in list
description.
Sync application on device
Filter list
Provide multiple options to
Tap on places to provide details
connect device for syncing
about specialty of that place
Connect to web service
Provide trivia about a place

Add new place
Review a place
Show directions
55
5.3.2 Logo
The logo is made to justify the name of the product CityTrot.

The name of the product came from two things. Trot which mean
to move around leisurely. In a bazaar people tend to take their time
and enjoy walking around the place while looking at thing to buy.
The product aims at expanding itself to include the whole city and
just be a dedicated product for Old Delhi.
To reflect these two thoughts the logo is designed to look like a

navigation path going through a city. The colors of the navigation
path and elements of the city were intended to reflect the ground
and earth. Making the logo circular gave it a feeling of moving
around the whole planet, which improved aesthetics of the logo.
Ideation sketches for the logo

The product was designed with the intent to reflect the colors of
Old Delhi and give the tourists an experience of the place they are
visiting. The color palette of the application and software were
chosen to reflect the color of spices, one of the most important
ingredients in Indian food.
The font used is Zurich Ex BT, for its leading and the character of
the alphabets.
56
5.3.3.1
Software Screens [Kiosk]

The launch screen on the kiosk
would show the tourists their
location marked with a red dot.
Here the tourist can see the
different sections of the field.
They can tap on any section to
know about it. They can also
look for types of food and let
that selection govern the area
they will be visiting.
57
The tourists can food item(s)

that interest them.
58
Based on the type of food

selected
the
software
will
suggest probable areas to visit.

These areas serve the food
options selected. The tourist
can
select
any
of
the
highlighted area to see more

information about it.
59
The
software
description
will
about
display
the
area
(usually history). Along with

history
the
software
will
display the importance of the

area and the list of famous
places
in
that
area.
The
software will also display the

easiest way to get to the area.
60
After the tourists have selected

the area they want to visit; they
can select the number of hours
that they want the map to be
installed. The software will
install the map on their device
after suitable payment is made.
61
5.3.3.2
Application Screens [Mobile App]
kiosk. The map has landmarks and shops marked on it. Landmarks
are marked with suggestive icons and shops are marked with icons
depicting the kind of food items they serve.
After installing the map on the phone when the tourist will launch
the application, he/she is shown a map of the area selected on the
62
The tourist can then read information about eateries. The general
information includes popular foods served, trivia, working hours,
photos and reviews about the eatery.
The tourist can also tap on landmark icons to read history and trivia
about the place. Along with that information photos of the
63
landmark are also given so that the tourist can locate the place with
5.3.3.3
Icons
visual aid.
The icons were created with a thought to reflect a miniaturized

version of the things they represent. In order to achieve that first
the objects such as landmarks and food items were simplified to
basic number of lines. Then, they were given shadows and
highlights to make them look like small plastic toys.
Mosque
Church
64
Gurudwara
Marker for shops serving sweets

5.3.4 Code
For this iteration there were two entities to be coded
Software for kiosk, and
Application for devices.
I started with coding the kiosk software first. Since the software
Fountain Chowk (officially known as, Bhai Mati Das Chowk)
resembles much like a website and has somewhat similar

functionalities, I decided to code it using HTML. I have had some
training in HTML and have worked with it during my working
years. I also had the opportunity to improve upon those skills
during the website design course taught to us in our second
semester.
Marker for shops serving only drinkable items
Languages used
HTML
jQuery
65
Colorbox API, for generating the functionalities of lightbox.
Since the diving of product into two parts was not the right step,
this in turn affected the information architecture of the whole
product.
Including all the food items directly on one screen (on kiosk) is
also counter intuitive to how tourists interact in the real world.
They (tourists) dont straight up look for specific food items, rather
they first ask for flavors/categories and then narrow down their
choices.
The icons designed for the product also failed to serve their
While testing this iteration for usability, my mentors pointed out
intended purpose. With generalized representation of all the
that the biggest hindrance with it was the dividing of product into
landmarks it defeated the purpose of creating a rich indulging
two parts. To be precise, it was the setting up of kiosk that was
environment. The general representation instead enforced the place
the biggest problem. Setting up kiosks all across Old Delhi meant
as any other space to visit. Also the miniaturized, plastic toy feel of
creation of suitable infrastructure to support these kiosks, and the
the icons did not convey how the place appeals to the tourists.
creation costs of kiosks themselves. All this meant major funding

and leasing space around the place. This would have taken the final
product astray and deceived the purpose.
66
5.4
Iteration 3
qabar or Matia Mahal and eateries dealing in pure
Up until now the iterations have failed to provide an immersive
vegetarian items can be seen to be clustered in Chawri
experience to the tourists. One of the key reasons behind this was
Bazaar. Similarly, as the name suggests parathewaali gali
the fact that the changed that happen in a bazaar were not
only has eateries specifically dealing in parathas.
implemented in the solution. One of the things that define the

experience of the bazaars is their constantly changing face. The
Structure of eateries Bazaars like Ballimaran have
experience that tourists get out of the bazaar depends on how and
mostly fixed permanent shops, whereas Nai Sadak is
when they are visiting the place.
dominated by food stalls on hand pulled carts. And, the main

street of Chandni Chowk has a mixture of fixed structures
When tourists visit the bazaars of Old Delhi in the morning they
and hand pulled carts.
have an option to try foods that fall in the breakfast category for
example Bedmi puri, Nihari, etc. Whereas if the tourists enter the
Entering Old Delhi from different points of entry also affect the
place at evening they can try delicacies such as chicken tikka and
cluster of shops the tourists will encountor, thus altering the
Almond milk (sold on stalls). Similarly, when somebody visits Old
experience. For example, a person entering Old Delhi from Chawri
Delhi during summer, he/she can try kulfis and lemon sodas being
Bazaar metro station will encounter shops dealing mostly in
sold along the roadside. These roadside shops change their business
snacks; whereas the person enteing the place from Chandni Chowk
during winters and sell Cheela and chicken tikkas instead.
Metro station will experience the eateries dealing in a wide array of

food items. All these factors combined together act as defining
Other factors that affect the experience of the bazaar are
Area of availability Eateries serving similar kinds of food
criteria for the kind of experience and the kind of food the tourists
will encounter while visitng the place.
tend to cluster together, for example eateries dealing in nonvegetarian items are situated in a different bazaar like Chitli
67
68
If the tourist cancels the suggestion, he/she is then asked to select

the kind of food that they are looking for.
When the application is launched it detects the time of the day and
suggests the tourist with the most popular dish to try at that
particular time. The tourist can now choose to get location of the
suggested dish or cancel that and let the app proceed.
69
After the tourist has selected a particular type of food, he/she is
The application then displays the map to the tourist and also tells
then shown the food items available under that category. Here
the area/shop name where the selected food item is available.
he/she can make multiple selections and then tell the application to
show the locations where the food items are available.
70
Then the tourist has the options to go back and change the food
categories or add a new location to the map. Tourist can also view
navigation instructions by tapping on the icon on top right.
On the navigation instruction screen the application will give

tourist the instructions to reach the desired place from the nearest
point of entry. Along with instruction the application will also give
the tourist suggestions about the shops that they can find along the
way.
After a brief session of review about information flow many

changes were suggested to improve the flow. First of all, the flow
71
lacked an introduction into the space; which made the application
experience abrupt. Secondly, the tourists should also be given an
5.4.3.1
Application Screens
introduction to how we Indians categorize food. This change was

meant for the foreign tourists so the that they can understand that
there are a lot many foods that go between the meals, and these are
mostly the foods Old Delhi is famous for. Thirdly, the fact that
bazaars are dynamic entities is not reflected through the application.
The tourist should be able to switch between the time of the day to
see how the bazaars change; i.e. what shops open or close at what
time.
72
73
74
75
5.4.5 Code
After previous experiences with exploring online tools to generate
code, it became clear that they impose many constraints regarding
desired features and functionalities. Hence, a switch to Adobe
Muse was made. Adobe Muse lets its user create an interface using
widgets and components. These widgets can then be tweaked to
mimic the functionalities of native mobile components. It then
generates the code for these pages in HTML5. The generated code
can then be packaged easily using PhoneGap, it converts HTML
code to native device code.
76
77

While the application that was coded ran successfully on the
devices, it still had many bugs (in-terms of the code) that still
remained. Keeping the bugs aside, many usability issues also came
to notice. The feedbacks given were:
The introduction given by the application is very formal and

does not tell much about the nature of bazaars.
The introduction also does not talk about the application and
how it will help the tourists.
The introduction is not inviting, it should be able to tell

something about the location where the tourist is currently
standing.
The food suggestions seem abrupt, and possibly insensitive

to tourists who do not eat non-veg.
The icons used to represent the categories are misleading, as

they look more like a specific food item rather than
representing a food category.
Images representing the food items are small, and dont

generate interest to tap on them.
The map is not pleasing to look at, and pushes away the
users.
78
Icons on the map do not communicate their purpose. The
the surroundings. The application also suggests the tourist to use
landmark icons do not communicate that they are there only
CityTrot to explore and indulge in the surroundings. This orients
for the trivia. Similarly, there is nothing on the map that
the tourists in a mode of exploration and also sets some
communicates what shops deal in the selected food items
expectations for the application itself.
and what are just along the way.
5.5
The
current
information
architecture
and
graphical
The success or failure of any information design solution depends
representation confuse the users.
on many factors such as the setting in which the transfer happens,
Current colors of the application are not appealing or
the individuals involved and the kind of medium or media employed
appetizing.
[Robert Jacobson, 2000].
Final Product
During the design of the screens, the principle of Form Follows

Function has been closely followed. For this, it was first figured
After recording user feedbacks I started rethinking the information
out what information to provide and when; so that the decision
architecture and realized it would be better to reclassify the food
making process of tourist using the application can be effectively
items. A few of the earlier categories were changed so that food
aided. Only the important information is given to the tourist
items can be segregated more effectively and can also be easily
upfront and the rest of the information is only made available when
understood by the tourists. (See classification table on next page)
needed.
The information architecture was rethought in such a way that it

enables the tourists to navigate to any part of information hierarchy
whenever needed. The application uses approximate location of the
user, with the help of phones GPS, and then introduces him/her to
79
Categories
Full Meal
Description These dishes completely

satisfy taste buds and
stomach.
Bedmi Puri
Beef Biryani
Chole bhatture
Nihari
Paaya
Parantha
Pav Bhaji
Shammi Kebab
Snacks
Sweets
Indian sweets consist of a
generous dosage of sugar
The snacks of Old Delhi are
the savory delecasies known and milk, with toppings of
dry fruit, saffron and silver
all around and can be
foil.
enjoyed anytime.
Ice Cream
Aloo Chaat
Chole Kulche
Dahi bhalle
Daulat Ki chaat
Fruit Chaat
Gol Gappe
Kulle Chaat
Raj Kachori
Tikka Kebab
Kulfi
Flavoured Kulfi
Rabri Faluda
Sundae
Badam Burfi
Coconut Burfi
Dal halwa
Gajar Ka Halwa
Jalebi
Paneer Jalebi
Petha
Phirni
Ras Malai
Shahi Tukde
Soan Halwa
The majority of Ice cream

in Old Delhi is milk based
and topped with dry fruits
and saffron.
Categorization of available food items, in the researched section of Old Delhi, and brief explanation about each category.
80
5.5.1 Information Architecture
81
The application after giving the tourists an introduction to the place
The final product resembles closely to the previous iteration, which
and bazaars asks them about the preference of their food.
is essentially what an iterative approach helps to achieve, which is

a reduction in modifications with consecutive iterations towards
creating a better product. Hence, not much was required in terms of
the paper prototype. What were required were the introduction of a
few new screens and the rearrangement of the existing screens.
To get the tourist better acquainted with the bazaar the application
asks the tourist if he/she wants to see what food items are available
at the current time or, since the bazaars are a dynamic entity, he/she
would like to see what food items are available at other times of the
day. The tourist can also see what is available at other days along
the year; if he/she want to plan his/her trip in advance.
82
Apart from above mentioned screen a few more changes were

introduced in the flow in order to ease the interaction of the
application. Options that are secondary to the flow of information
and may not be needed frequently were moved into the slide out
menu to save space and also to follow the principle of providing
information only when needed.
83

5.5.3.1
Application Screens
While redesigning screens according to the new information

architecture, the color scheme of the application was also changed.
The new color schemes aims to invoke appetizing feeling and also
invite the tourist to explore the application.
Many of the interactions are re-thought to allow the tourist to easily

navigate to any part of the application whenever he/she wants. The
pins on the map are designed to segregate landmarks, places of
history and trivia, from eateries. Eateries are also segregated using
map pins based on the criteria of food defined by the tourist. The
eateries serving the food items selected by the tourists are marked
with red pins; whereas other eateries that happen to be along the
way are not given the same treatment. Fixed and movable (stall)
eateries are marked with filled and empty markers, respectively.
Tabs are also given different color from buttons, which navigate
the tourist to a different screen. This is done because the
functionality of both kinds of interactions is different.
84
85
86
87
5.5.3.2
Icons
The icons are designed to depict their intended purpose

immediately. Icons for categories were designed so that they will
represent a type of food rather than resemble a particular dish.
Landmark icons on the map are designed to resemble the

landmarks they represent. This practice then acts in a form of
foreshadowing, for the landmarks that the tourist will actually see.
Pins on the map were a bit tricky to create. The Capital T denotes
trivia, and is attached to landmarks, communicating that this place
88
has some trivia attached to it. The red pin has a simplified version
Other icons that are made followed a similar philosophy. Their
of samosa, type of savory food, to communicate that the place is
intent is to allow the tourist to understand that they are meant to
an eatery.
- Relate with food;

- Communicate that they are meant to change a particular aspect.
Icons for veg and non-veg are chosen to be the international

symbol for respective representation, so that their intent can be
easily communicated. The icon for representing all food types is
chosen to be a fork and a spoon, which is a globally used icon to
represent food.
Since these icons are related to information that is to be made

available only when required, they were given a different graphic
treatment than others.
5.5.4 Proof of Concept
On an academic level this is a project of user interface and user
experience design (UI and UX design). While user interface design
is depicted through the graphics, depicting the user experience
requires a different approach. To depict the specifics of interaction
ease and user experience a few options were considered.
89
First is to make a video to depict the interactions of the application.
prototype was chosen as it doesnt require long and tiring process
Along with depicting the functionalities and interactions of the
of database creartion and management or the need of a professional
application, the video is intended to also serve as an introduction
coder and yet it delivers at the task of gathering data about users
for the application to effectively communicate the problem, the
ease of interaction and interpretation of the application.
idea and the solution to the viewers.

After experimenting with a few mediums to architecture the
For this pruspose a scenario was scripted and shot on the streets of
application, factors such as familiarity with the language,
Old Delhi. The video intends to say that while in a place like
adaptability and flexibility made HTML5 the best medium for
Chandni Chowk tourists can see and experience many different
creating such a prototype. Coding for a mobile application has its
kind of experiences. But, this wide array of experiences can
own set of issues such as responsive design, in-mobile
overwhelm the tourists unless they know how to negotiate the
functionalities, multiple sizes of device assets and different device
place. A good way of experiencing the place is by asking the locals
actions for android, windows 8 and iOS devices. Due such a huge
provided the tourists can interact with the locals in some way.
diversity in the mobile device sphere the prototype was created to
Also, the tourists need to retain the knowledge transferred to them
with certain pre-defined contraints. The prototype is created for a
for a long time or they would have to ask again. To help the tourist
specific screen size and only for devices with a back button such as
enhance their experience of the place this app is created. It takes
android or windows. Communicating these constraints to the pople
care of the above raised issues and helps the tourist enjoy the
testing the prototype, the proof of concept can be easily tested for
environment unrestricted.
usuability and ease of interaction. Combining the video and the

high fidelity prototype; concept, philosophy and working of the
The second option is to create a working prototype which allows
application can be easily communicated to the potential users,
user to interact and experience the application. Instead of
evaluators or collborators. This combination can then yeild a good
programming the entire application this form of high fidelity
sample of usability tests.
90
Conclusion
There is a steady rise in technology assisted tourism and many
By using the knowledge of a locals mental maps the application
tourists are increasingly relying on their smart phones/travel app to
tries to bring all the available options, which the bazaars have to
meet their touring needs. These available resources are a step
offer, in front of the tourists. This detailed information can then
closer towards integration of technology and tourism but, they are
help the tourist to better experience the place around them. The
still lacking in providing a good tourism experience. There is
application also takes into consideration the fact that having a
plenty of room for exploration and innovation when it comes to
constant internet connection on the narrow streets of a bazaar is
bazaars or places of socio-economic importance that have
very difficult. The application thus has minimum reliance on
especially been formed around a place of meaning. A live example
internet/data connection and does not use real-time location;
of this scenario can be observed at Old Delhi, which itself is a
instead it lets the tourist explore the place. The absence of real-time
clusters of many bazaars created around places of meaning like
location information from the application also creates an
Red Fort, Jama Masjid, Sis Ganj Gurudwara, etc. and caters to
opportunity for the tourist to interact with the locals instead of
lakhs of tourists every year.
being engaged with the application only.
The outcome of this project is an application that helps tourists to
Working on this project has provided the opportunity of learning
negotiate the overwhelming information provided by the bazaars. It
and executing a lot many things involved in the process of creating
helps the tourists to enjoy what at first seems like a chaotic
a good user experience (UX). Starting off with research interviews
environment. The application also helps the tourists to plan their
to understand the user base and then utilizing that into requirement
route according to their own interest and also provide them with
gathering exercise. Then analyzing the gathered requirements and
suggestions as they go along. By eliminating a guide between the
creating a feature and functionality list for the application. The
tourist and host, the application also tries to enhance the tourist-
features and functionalities then lead to creation of information
host relation and build stronger ties between them.
architecture. The information architecture then leads to low fidelity
91
prototypes i.e. paper prototype. These paper prototypes are used to
iterative process saves actual coding time and generates an
fix some ground rules and also give an initial shape to ideas. Low
optimum product in the first try.
fidelity prototypes do the job of setting the product in motion.

Based on these paper prototypes a graphic design activity is started
This application is still not a perfect solution. It has reached a state
that creates the user interface (UI) of the application. These UI
of optimal user experience and now requires a professional to code
designs are then used to create high fidelity prototypes, which can
and package the product. But, what this solution does right now is
be used to test the usability of the product before it is actually and
that it creates an opportunity and presents an idea to enhance the
code and packaged.
experience of the tourists. This concept can be extended or

modified to fit any scenario and is not limited to food tourism only.
Working on this project I have also learned that a good user
The application can then become a solution to negotiate bazaars
experience does not happen in just one attempt. To create a good
irrespective of what they have to offer. This can then help the
UX one has to test out high fidelity prototypes among potential
tourist to better experience any bazaar they visit and not just Old
users. The UX designer must record the feedback and then start the
Delhi.
cycle of creating the product again; this time utilizing the feedback
given to create a feature and functionality list. Following the
complete cycle a UX designer reaches the stage of high fidelity
prototype and then has to test it out again for usability. Also, there
are more than one ways to communicate the concept of the product
to the audience. The cycle of creating a product is repeated a
number of times till a reasonably good usability are reached. The
product can then be coded and packaged for its final release. This
92
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7.1
Books
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http://www.delhitourism.gov.in/delhitourism/shopping/chan
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Final Project

A cognitive maps based tourism application

Focus: Old Delhi

Student Name: Nitish Sharma

Masters in Design (Communication Design)

I would like to express my sincere gratitude towards Prof.

It has been an exciting experience working on this project. It would

constructive feedback; throughout the entire span of the project.

have been impossible to complete this work without the

She has been a key contributor in making this project a reality.

contribution of a multitude of people. I would like to express my

throughout the process of this project. Their contribution, feedback

with sincere advice and help, whenever needed.

and guidance had played a decisive role in the completion of my

chat sessions, eagerness to answer my questions and helpful nature

perseverance that has been bestowed upon me during the course of

has proved once again why Delhi is called Dilwalon ki Dilli

this project. I am glad to have a family that bestowed me with their

(city of good hearted people).

unconditional love and support. They showed confidence in me

I would like to thank my faculty guide, Prof. Vishvajit Pandya and

my video shoots. I would also like to thank my colleagues, juniors

and especially my seniors for their helpful advice and moral

guidance. They inculcated in me the confidence that I needed for

support throughout my project.

carrying out and completing the project.

CityTrot | Nitish Sharma | 201214002

Feedback Sheet ................................................................................ 1

Graphic Design ........................................................ 55

Usability Test .......................................................... 65

1.1 Choice of Medium ................................................................. 5

Project Brief ............................................................................. 6

Application Flow/Information Architecture ............ 67

Brief introduction of Old Delhi ......................................... 6

Paper Prototype ....................................................... 68

Need for Design ................................................................ 7

Graphic Design ........................................................ 71

Usability Test .......................................................... 77

Final Product ................................................................... 78

Secondary Research ........................................................ 12

Information Architecture ......................................... 80

Field Visits ...................................................................... 17

Paper Prototype ....................................................... 81

Evaluation of available products ............................................ 32

Graphic Design ........................................................ 83

Proof of Concept ..................................................... 88

Introduction to Product Philosophy................................. 43

Application Flow/Information Architecture ............ 44

Paper Prototype ........................................................ 46

Graphic Design ........................................................ 49

Usability Test ........................................................... 52

Application Flow/Information Architecture ............ 54

CityTrot | Nitish Sharma | 201214002

Tourism is the immersion in authentic life of a culture or a place

tourist destination. Concluding from the initial visits it was clear

that is not tourists own. Tourists expect to experience heritage,

that creating a tourist navigation system to indulge all senses would

architecture and culture that makes up a places essence. With the

advent of technology, especially smartphones, there has been a

discussions with my mentors led to a product that is narrowed

huge rise in mobile assisted tourism. Travel apps, online tour

guides, bookings on the go have been increasing phenomenon over

the sense of taste.