9.

(a)

Diagram 9.1 shows across breed between moth with black coloured wing and
moth with black coloured wing.
Rajah 9.1 menunjukkan kacukan antara kupu-kupu bersayap bewarna hitam dan
kupu-kupu bersayap berwarna hitam.

Parent
Induk

Offsprings
Anak

Black coloured wing

Bersayap hitam

Black coloured wing

Bersayap hitam

Black coloured wing

Bersayap hitam

Pale colured wing

Bersayap pudar

Diagram9.1
Rajah 9.1

Explain why the offsprings are three black coloured wings and one pale
coloured wing.
Terangkan mengapa tiga anak mempunyai sayap hitam dan satu anak
mempunyai sayap pudar.
[10 marks]
(b)

Haemophilia is a hereditary disease .

Diagram 9.2 shows the pedigree of a family in three generations.
Hemofilia adalah sejenis penyakit .
Rajah 9.2 menunjukkan gambarajah salasilah satu keluarga bagi tiga generasi.

XHY

Keys / Petunjuk:
H -Dominant allele
AlelDominan
h - Recessive allele
Alelresesif
Normal Female
Perempuan normal

XHXh

Normal male
Lelaki normal

Hemophiliac male
LelakiHemofilia

Carrier female
Perempuanpembawa

Hemophiliac female
Perempuanhemofilia

Diagram 9.2
Rajah 9.2

(i)

Based on Diagram 9.2 ,explain why males has a higher possibility to have haemophilia
compared to females.
Berdasarkan rajah 9.2, terangkan mengapakah lelaki mempunyai kemungkinan yang
lebih tinggi untuk mendapat penyakit hemophilia berbanding perempuan.
[8 marks]
State two ways how the inheritance of haemophilia can be avoided in a family.

(ii) Nyatakan dua cara bagaimana penyakit hemophilia dapat dielakkan daripada diwarisi
dalam satu keluarga.
[2 marks]

No
9(a)

9bi

9 b. ii

Criteria
Able to explain why the offsprings are three black coloured wing
and one pale coloured wing.
P1: Parents genotype is Bb and Bb (any representative of alphabet
are accepted)
P2: during meiosis
P3: each gamete receive allele B, b
P4: during fertilization
P5: zygote/offspring( genotypes ) are BB, Bb, Bb and bb
P6: the zygote/offspring with( genotype ) BB is black coloured wing
P7: because of the presence of two dominant allele
P8: the zygote/offspring with ( genotype ) Bb is black coloured wing
P9: because of the presence of one dominant allele
P10: the zygote/offspring with ( genotype ) bb is pale coloured wing
P11: because of the presence of two recessive allele
P12: the presence of dominant allele in the zygote/offspring will
express the trait / black coloured wing
P13: homozygous dominant / heterozygous is black coloured wing
P14: homozygous resessive is pale coloured wing
Any 10
Able to explain why males have a higher probability to hemophilia
compare to females
Sample answer
P1: Hemophilia is a sex linked disease
P2: Hemophilia is caused by the presence of a recessive allele
P3 : in the X chromosome
P4: Recessive allele on X chromosome is represented by Xh
P5. Male has only one X chromosome
P6 . If the male has Xh
P7 : the male has hemophilia
P8.Female has two XX chromosomes
P9. If the female has Xh X
P10 : The female is normal , she is only a carrier
P11 : The female has hemophilia if she has both Xh Xh
Any 8

Able to state two ways how hemophilia can be avoided in a family

Sample answer
P1. By avoiding marriage of the cousin / close relatives who are
carriers through a few generations
P2. By avoiding marriage with the carrier female
P3. By avoiding marriage with the person that has hemophilia

Marks
10

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1

8
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
2

Any 2
Total

1
1
20