Automatic light with pressure sensor

LIST
Preface...............3
Part 1. Introducing the idea and determining specifications of the product..4
1.1. Analysis of demand and necessity of product ...4
1.2. The reason for choosing topic5
1.3. Products already on the market.5
1.3.1. Product 15
1.3.2. Product 25
1.3.3. Product 36
1.4.Specifications of the product.......6
1.4.1.Functionality ...6
1.4.2.Technical standards of product6
1.4.3 Non-functionality 7
Part 2. Analysis of function and making plan...7
2.1.

Analysis of function..7
2.1.1. Sub- Function 1 .8
2.1.2. Sub- Function 2 ..8
2.1.3. Sub- Function 3...8
2.1.4. Sub- Function 4...8

2.2.Making plan...8
Part 3. Choosing technical method ...9
3.1.Diagram of the product 9
3.2. Components, architecture circuit 10
3.2.1 Choose the method for each block11
3.2.2 Architecture..12
Part 4. Design circuit14
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4.1 Design for every block.....14
4.2 Working principle for whole system16
4.3 Dependence of light intensity on resistance....18
4.4 Detemine V0, consuming power..18
Part 5. Implement..18
Part 6. Testing...19
Part 7. Conclusion20
Part 8. References.20

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

PREFACE
The main consideration in the present field of technologies are automation, power
consumption and cost effectiveness. Automation is intended to reduce man power with the
help of intelligent systems. Power saving is the main consideration forever as the source
of the power (Thermal, Hydro ,Solar etc.,)are getting diminished due to various reasons.
The main aim of the project is automatic power saving system with light dependent
resistor (LDR) and pressure sensor. We want to save power automatically instead of doing
it manually. So in villages, towns, etc. We can design intelligent systems for the usage of
lights. Smart Light Technology is an eco friendly system as it helps in reducing light
pollution.
We would like to thank most sincerely to Mr.Nguyen Duc Minhwho dedicated
guidance, detailed explanations to help us complete this assignment. Not only about
specialized knowledge, he also instructs us so much about practical knowledge in life:
soft skills, listening, team work and presentations.
During the making of the report we have attempted very high but our knowledge is
still limited due to some objective factors. We sincerely hope that teachers will help to
facilitate with comments as well as criticisms to our report to make it more complete.

We're pleased to thank!

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

Part 1. Introducing the idea and determining

specifications of the product .
1.1.

Necessity and demand of the product.

Street lighting is one of the important parts of a house or a citys infrastructure
where the main function is to illuminate the area during dark hours of the day.
Previously, the number of streets and houses in the town were very small. Therefore,
the street lamps and light bulbs are relatively simple but with the development of
urbanization, the number of streets and houses increases rapidly as a result of which the
number of light bulbs and lamps has also increased in number.Hence more electric energy
is required to illuminate these lights.
But in the present time, electricity is wasted at houses due to not switching off
unnecessary light bulbs.
Earlier the light systems were operated manually and the street lamps glows
through-out the night time even though there is no traffic in the street which is nothing but
wastage of energy. Due to these reasons, so we need smart light technology, a system
which can automatically sense the visible light and motion in the relevant place, and
thereby reducing the wastage of electricity. This saved power can be used for some other
cases.
With the increase of modern technology, humans have become more busy in their
lives. With the tired head after busy work and with the lack of time the probability of
forgetting simple thingshave become more.(Ex: Forgetting to switch off the light when
leaving the room etc.)
But any way, since every household likes to have a less electricity consumption bill,
they will turn to Smart light technology which in a way gives a demand to our product.

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

1.2.

The reason for choosing the topic.

With limited specialized knowledge, the design of a complex circuit is tough. So we
chose a simple circuit, having product price matching to pockets of students.
The common components can be easily found at electronics stores.
The research, development and application of the Automatic light switch is fully
consistent with the developing trend of Smart technology and will improve the quality of
human life.

1.3.

Products already on the market.

With the demand for Automatic light systems, there are similar products designed by
some Vietnam manufacturers.They can be seen in the market with multiple categories,
features and different prices. And their price is quite high compared to the cost of
materials used. Let's go over some typical products.

1.3.1. Product 1 : Sai Gon Technology Company : Automated light

switch with 12V Optical sensor
- Function: automated light switch using optical sensor
- Price : 200.000 VND
1.3.2.
-

Product 2 : SH-D2 with infrared sensor:

Function: automated light switch using infrared sensor
Output: 100-240V/ 50-60 Hz
Power: Bulb:
1000W
Flourcent bulb: 350W
Inductive distance: max 5m
Price:about 1.000.000 VND

1.3.3. Product 3 : SH-D4 with body-infrared sensor

- Function : automated light switch used in staircases.
- Intelligent control by microprocessor chip
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Automatic light with pressure sensor

-

Output: 220V/50-60Hz
Power:Bulb:
1600W
Flourcent bulb: 400W
Time light: 15- 240 seconds
Ambient temprature : 0-50C
Price : about 1.000.000 VND

Estimated price of our product is 150.000 VND.

1.4. Specifications of product.
1.4.1. Functionality
Our products use 12DC source to provide for LED, and base on light intensity and
pressure. The system automatically switch on light in suitable time when someone come
in the twilight. It also means that if it is light or dark but no people, the light will not turn
on.
1.4.2. Technical standards of product.
Features
Input
Output
Time light

Description
12VDC source
Light
Pressure
Stable operation
Light turn on in suitable time
Adjust following to demand of users

1.4.3. Non- functionality

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Small, neat
High lifespan: about 2 years
Friendly appearance
Cheap price: 8$
With this estimated price to sell in the market, most of Vietnamese workers can buy
at least product for their family, and improve quality life. Moreover, we can use it for
street light system, which is not only convenient but also saving national budget.

Part 2. Analysising of function and making plan.

2.1. Analysis of function.

Figure 1: Function diagram

2.1.1. Sub- function 1: Convert light to voltage
LDR( Light Detecting Resistor) is high sensitive to light. When there is more light,
the pulses become faster, so resistance drops, against when there is less light, the
resistance increases to very high. It can obtain following statistics:
Bright resistance : 20k-45k.
Dark resistance : 2000 k.

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

When light fall on the LDR, circuit sends low signal, relay is off. When no light or
weak light, circuit sends high signal. The relay will be energized and the armature of the
relay will come to its normally open position. The circuit is gotten supply voltage.
=>Switch the relay when VR7<V0
2.1.2. Sub- function 2: Detect people by pressure sensor
When appearing some motion, some force will be exerted on pressure sensor
2.1.3. Sub- function 3: Count time to bright up light by IC NE555
The sign is sent to NE555 ->set time the light on following T=RC
2.1.4. Sub- function 4: Switch on/off light
2.2. Making plan
Orde
r
1

Jobs
Find out idea

Making plan

Describe our
topic

Estimated
cost

Simulation

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Description
s
Find and
chose idea
- Divide
work for
each
members
- Making
plan
-Describe
topic,
creative and
applicability
- Find out
cost of
components,
and
necessary
tools
- Draw
schematic by
proteus

Time

Output

Implementer
s

11/412/4/2015
(2 days)

Automatic
light with
motion
sensor

All of
members

18/4/2015
(1 day)

Job details

Thanh

20/423/4/2015
(3 days)

Slide and
present for
lecturers

All of member

2/5-3/5/2015
(2 days)

- Cost
estimation
- Pay
money

Ngan
Oshani

Finish
simulation

Kim Anh
Hang

11/518/5/2015
( 7 days)

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

- Chose
appropriate
components

Simulation in
breadboard

Perfecting
product

-Buy
components
-Test and
repair
-Test
product
before
lecture
- Finish
report

22/524/5/2015
(2 days)
28/510/6/2015
( 2 days)

Circuit run
well and
stably

- Good
- Finish
report

Kim Anh
Hang

All of
members

Part 3. Choose the technical method

3.1.Block diagram

Figure 2: Block diagram

-

The first block is the source which supplies the energy for the whole circuit.
The second block comprises of the switching circuit using LDR ; this block consists of
relay, transistors ,resistors ,LDR . The LDR acts as the light sensor that senses visible
light ; the switching circuit sends a HIGH signal when no light falls on the LDR and it
sends LOW signal when light falls on the LDR . LDR is highly sensitive to light.
The third block comprises of sensor which is basically a pressure sensor ; when pressure
is sensed by this sensor it triggers the timer circuit .
The fourth block which comprises of the 555 timer which is operated in mono-stable
mode. Since the 555 timer is operated in mono-stable mode we will get a single pulse as
the output in the output terminal of the 555 timer.
The last block comprises of Lamp which is connected to the output terminal -3- of the 555
timer. The result of which the 555 timer will be triggered and the bulb will be glowing for
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Automatic light with pressure sensor

a short period of time depending on the time constant, T = RC of the mono-stable mode
circuit.
3.2. Components and Architechture
a) Choose the suitable method for each block

The
blocks

Methods

1.Pin 12V

Source

2.Source
seftdesigned
using LM
8712 or IC
8705
1. The
circuit seft
designed

The
circuit
using
LDR

Pressure
sensor
Delayin
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2.Use
module
available in
the market
using
LM393
1. Button
2. Pressure
sensor
1. Self-

Criteria for evaluating

Complexity
Reliability
- Very simple, suitable for
testing circuits
- High
-Use directly but no need
reliability
to calibrate
- Safe
-Easy to run out of energy
- Must construct the
- Unstable
principle diagram, PCB
- Dangerous
-Easy to repair when
when testing
something gets wrong
products used
directly by
220V
- Must construct the
- Stable
principle diagram, PCB
- Safe
-Very simple to install
- Easy to
- Have chance and
repair when
experiment in making
something
circuits
gets wrong
- Use directly and simply
- High
without calibrating
reliability by
- Don't understand clearly
LM393
about the circuit.
- Difficult to
repair and
replace
components
Use to stimulate the circuit
Complicated design
- Designed complexly with
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Relatively
stable
- Stable

Cost
12000
VND

Choos
e

25000
VND

30000
VND

65000
VND

1000
VND

Automatic light with pressure sensor

made with
IC 8051
g time
block

2. Using IC
555 timer

39 terminals
-Have to write algorithsm,
code for 8051
-IC 555 is programmed
readily
-IC 555 is designed simply
with 8 terminals
- Simple, effective

1. led
Display
block

2. Bulb
220V

- Need a relay connected to

them
- Use 220V

-Relatively
stable

3500
VND

Low stability

350
VND/a
led

- Easy to
break or burnt
when moving

600010000
VND

Completed diagram

Figure 3: Completed diagram

b) Architechture
Light Depentdent Resistor (LDR )

- LDRs or Light Dependent Resistors uses an active semiconductor layer ( Cadimi Sulfua
Cds ) that is deposited on an insulating substrate. The semiconductor is normally lightly
doped to enable it to have the required level of conductivity.

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

- LDR are very useful especially in light/dark sensor circuits. Normally the resistance of
an LDR is very high, sometimes as high as 1000 000 ohms, but when they are illuminated
with light resistance drops dramatically.
Input
Output
The maximum voltage
Power consumption
Spectral peak
Ambitient temperature

Intensity of light
- light resistance ( 20-45 K)
- dark resistance (2M)
150 V
100 mW
540 mm
30-70 0C

IC 555

IC 555 is a component which is able to generate the pulse accurately. In our curcuit
we use it to provide time delays.

Supply voltage (VCC)

4.5 to 15 V

Supply current (VCC = +5 V)

3 to 6 mA

Supply current (VCC = +15 V)

10 to 15 mA

Output current (maximum)

200 mA

Maximum Power dissipation

600 mW

Power consumption (minimum

operating)

30 mW (5V), 225 mW (15V)

Operating temperature

0-700C

Relay
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Automatic light with pressure sensor

A relay is an electrically operated switch. Many relays use an electromagnet to

mechanically operate a switch, but other operating principles are also used, such as solidstate relays. Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by a low-power
signal (with complete electrical isolation between control and controlled circuits), or
where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
Input
Rated load
Power consumption
Ambient temperature
Pull-in voltage( VDC)
Drop-out voltage( VDC)
Weight
Operating Humidity

12 V
10A/250VAC/30VDC, 10A/125VAC/28VDC
0.36W, 0.45W
25-70C
75%
10%
10 grs
45-85%RH

Part 4. Design the circuit.

4.1.Design for every block
4.1.1. Source
1st source

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2nd source

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

Supply energy for the the switching

circuit using LDR

Supply energy for the rest block

4.1.2.The switching circuit using LDR

Working principle:
When light falls on the LDR, the resistance of the LDR will be low. So the voltage
drops across the resistor R7 will be high. This keeps the transistor Q1 ON. The collector
of Q1 is coupled to base of transistor Q2. So Q2 will be OFF and the relay is too. Hence
the bulb will not glow even if there is any motion in the road. When night falls the
resistance of the LDR increases to make the voltage across the R7 decrease below 0.6V .
This makes the transistor Q1 OFF which in turn makes Q2 ON . The relay will be
energized and the armature of the relay will come to its normally open position.
4.1.3.Pressure sensor

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

Metal
plates

Working principle:
When people come in, the pressure will connect 2 metal plates of pressure sensor, so
the 9V- source will supply energy for the delay time block.
4.1.4.Delaying time block

Working principle
When the 555 timer is operated, the output pulse ends when the voltage on the
capacitor equals 2/3 of the supply voltage. The output pulse width can be lengthened or
shortened to the need of the specific application by adjusting the values of R and C.
The output pulse width of time t, which is the time it takes to charge C to 2/3 of the
supply voltage, is given by:
t = R.C.ln(3) = 1.1 RC
where t is in seconds, R is in ohms (resistance) and C is in farads (capacitance).
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While using the timer IC in monostable mode, the main disadvantage is that the time
span between any two triggering pulses must be greater than the RC time constant.
4.1.5.Displaying block

4.2. Working principle for whole system:

LDR

Led is of
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Light Intensity
corresponding
Vout
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Automatic light with pressure sensor

Output 555
F
Timer = 0

False

VR7< V0

true
False

F>0

True
Output 555
timer
1

Led is On

4.3. Dependence of light on resistance

Parameter
Cell resistance
Dark resistance
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Intensity of light
10 lux
100 lux
10 lux after
10 sec
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Resistance
20k
45k
2M (min)

Automatic light with pressure sensor

4.4. Determine V0
We calculate the circuit
We have : V0= 0.84 V

Part 5. Implements
This is circuit which we simulated by proteus and perform in breadboard:

Picture 1. Simulation

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Automatic light with pressure sensor

Picture 2: Physical design

Part 6. Testing
Demo video( Youtube link)

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JVcuUBt3hI0

We tested on this device and the results are good.

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Picture 3. Testing

Part 7. Conclusion
If green forest is like "lungs" of the Earth, the Electronics and Telecommunications
sector has created a communication network covering the entire world and reached out to
the vast universe.
Through work assignments subject "Introduction to electronics - telecoms '' helped
us to take the knowledge we have learned into practice.Moreover, this also help us to have
the opportunity to dig deeper into knowledge about the components and develop skills
design, installation simple electronic circuits. Since then, we have the opportunity to try
our best to design the simple electronics products, useful for everyday life.
In today's life, the energy savings are so essential. We hope that this product can
contribute to energy saving power. One more time, we would like to thank Mr. Nguyen
Minh Duc has helped us to complete this product.
Despite a lot of effort,knowledge is limited, time is limited. Therefore, our report
was flawed they need to supplement and perfect. We are looking forward to get the help
and the care from the teacher.

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Part 8. References

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Automatic Street Light with motion sensor(n.d), academia.edu, retrieved from

http://www.academia.edu/7935630/Automatic_Street_Light_with_Motion_Se
nsor Minh Ha
Motion Sensor Light Switch(n.d),REUK.co.uk - The Renewable Energy
Website, retrieved from http://www.reuk.co.uk/Motion-Sensor-LightSwitch.htm
Electronic Components Datasheet Search(n.d), Alldatasheet.com, retrieved
from http://www.alldatasheet.com/view.jsp?Searchword=Datasheet
%20bc107b&gclid=CNOY5Ijp4cUCFUxwvAodiroAgQ

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