Caguia, Mc Kevin P.

H-126

The History of Tourism:

Early Beginning Period

The Empire Era

As seasons changed and animals migrated, people traveled to survive.

These early travelers moved on foot, they were limited to quite small
geographical areas.
In this time, travel may remained a localized experience, but people by
nature are interested.
Travelers climbing a mountain and crossing rivers to satisfy their own sense
of adventure and curiosity as they sought a glimpse of the unknown
Phoenicians, Olmecs, early Chinese traveled for trade and military control
As civilizations became established and spread geographically, travel become
necessity.
The Empire era are started from the time of the Egyptians to the Greek and
finally came to an end with the fall of the roman empire.
During this time, people began traveling in large numbers for governmental,
commercial, educational and religious purpose.
As centers of governmental activities, the city-states become attractions in
themselves.
Factors that influence people to travel during the Empire era:
Affluent population with time and money to travel
Safe and easy travel
Widely accepted currencies
Widely used languages
Legal system which protects personal safety

 The Egyptians

At its peak the travel for business and pleasure flourished.

Travel to outlining cities was necessary.

Various amenities were offered to travelers.

They travelled for pleasure and festivals were held every year.

People used to travel to attend these festivals.

The Greeks:
Greeks were the first, who shaped the modern day travel.
Pleasure travel was popular.
Travel was advanced by two developments:

Currency exchange: Greek cities accepted foreign currency, making it

easier for travelers.

Communication: The Greek empire covered the entire Mediterranean

thus the language was widely understood.
They provided all the amenities required.
The Romans
The prosperity of the roman empire was reflected in the development of
travel.
The Romans included a large group of middle class who had money and time
to travel.
They built excellent roads, transportation and communication systems.
They built rest houses.

The Middle Ages and The Renaissance Era

The duration time for The Middle Ages (5th to 14th centuries) and the
Renaissance Era(14th to 16th centuries)
Travel almost disappeared during the Middle Ages where travel became
dangerous and sporadic.
The feudal system that eventually replaced Roman rule resulted in many
different autonomous domains.
This breakdown in a previously organised and controlled society resulted in
the fragmentation of transportation systems, currencies and languages
making travel a difficult and sometimes dangerous experience.
The duration time for The Middle Ages (5th to 14th centuries) and the
Renaissance Era(14th to 16th centuries)

 Travel almost disappeared during the Middle Ages where travel became
dangerous and sporadic.
The feudal system that eventually replaced Roman rule resulted in many
different autonomous domains.
This breakdown in a previously organised and controlled society resulted in
the fragmentation of transportation systems, currencies and languages
making travel a difficult and sometimes dangerous experience.
The travel situation during the Middle Ages:
Transportation and safety declined
Less acceptance of currencies and less knowledge of common
languages
Some travel by crusaders to Holy Land
Marco Polos historic travels in the late 13th century

The rebirth in travel emerged slowly during the Renaissance Era (14 th 16th
centuries.
The Merchants began to venture farther from their villages as the church and
the kings and queen brought larger geographical areas under their control.
Trade routes slowly began to reopen as commercial activities grew and the
merchants ventured into new territories
Increased interest in travel for commerce and pleasure

The origin of modern tourism

The Grand Tour Era (1613 to 1785 A.D.)
Trend of luxurious travel started by wealthy English
Developed as a status symbol and spread throughout Europe
Goal was to experience the civilized world and study the arts and
sciences
These travels often lasted for several years

 Growth in travel for business reasons

The Mobility Era (1800-1944)
Growing economic prosperity
Increase in systems, modes, and speeds of travel (roads, railroads,
steamships)
Thomas Cook developed tour packages for mass travel
Invention of automobile and airplane expanded freedom to travel
In 1841, Thomas Cook organised the first tour for a group of 570 to attend a
temperance rally in Leicester, England.
The trip was complete with a picnic lunch and brass band
The immediate success of the first venture and the demand for more
assistance in making travel arrangements led Cook into the full-time business
provided travel services.
sources; http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Cook
The Modern Era (1945 to present)
Paid vacations introduced in the early 1900s made leisure travel
possible for working and middle classes
Millions of people were introduced to international travel during World
War II
Postwar prosperity made mass ownerships of automobiles possible
Advent of jet travel shortened travel time
Time, money, safety and interest in travel led to unparalleled growth of
tourism
Development of mass tourism

Leisure Travel
Leisure travel was associated with the Industrial Revolution in the United
Kingdom the first European country to promote leisure time to the
increasing industrial population.
Initially, this applied to the owners of the machinery of production, the
economic oligarchy, the factory owners and the traders.
These comprised the new middle class.
Cox & Kings was the first official travel company to be formed in 1758
The British origin of this new industry is reflected in many place names.
In Nice, France, one of the first and best-established holiday resorts on the
French Riviera, the long esplanade along the seafront is known to this day as
the Promenade des Anglais
In many other historic resorts in continental Europe, old, well-established
palace hotels have names like the Hotel Bristol, the Hotel Carlton or the Hotel
Majestic reflecting the dominance of English customers.
Winter Tourism
Although it is acknowledged that the Swiss were not the inventors of
skiing, it is well documented that St. Moritz, Graubnden became
the cradle of the developing winter tourism.
Since that year of 1865 in St. Moritz, when many brave hotel
managers choose to risk opening their hotels in winter.
It was, however, only in the 1970s when winter tourism took over the
lead from summer tourism in many of the Swiss ski resorts.
Even in winter, portions of up to one third of all guests (depending
on the location) consist of non-skiers.
Mass tourism could only have developed with the improvements in
technology, allowing the transport of large numbers of people in a
short space of time to places of leisure interest.
So that greater numbers of people could begin to enjoy the benefits
of leisure time.
In the United States, the first seaside resorts in the European style
were at Atlantic City, New Jersey and Long Island, New York.
The development of health tourism
Health tourism means travelling for the purpose of improving or preserving health.
A health tourist is a tourist, whose main purpose of travel is improvement and/or

preservation of health.
The World Health Organisation defines health as a state of complete physical,
mental and social well-being and not merely absence of disease.
Tourism means movement by people, i.e. travelling from their home to other places.
The main differences between various forms of tourism derive from the reasons
people have for travelling. In the case of health tourism, the primary purpose of
travel is related to preservation or improvement of health. In addition, a health
tourist may have several other goals (e.g. visiting attractions of interest or events,
learning about culture and other activities), which the providers of the health
tourism product can take into account and combine with their products.
Health tourism can be treated as an umbrella term, encompassing medical
tourism, spa tourism and wellness tourism:
Medical tourism means travelling for the purpose of medical treatment, using
medical tourism products and services. A medical tourist is a tourist, whose primary
purpose of travel is medical treatment and who wishes to use the medical tourism
products and services.
Spa tourism is a subcategory of health tourism and is generally related to specific
spa enterprises, destinations and/or resorts. A spa-tourist travels for the purpose of
improving and/or preserving health and/or relaxation, using the spa tourism
products and services.
Wellness tourism means travelling for the purpose of improvement and preservation
of physical, mental and spiritual wellness, using the wellness tourism products and
services. The main purpose of wellness tourism is to achieve, favour or maintain
maximum good health and a feeling of wellbeing, to be proactive in discovering new
ways in which to promote a healthier and less stressful lifestyle. A wellness tourist is
seeking to find balance and harmony. Wellness tourism associates with wellbeing,
felicity, quality of life, traditions and religious beliefs.
It is important to keep in mind that health tourism is a business, where health
tourism products and services are offered; with each having its specific provider,
name and price. Most definitely, the development of health tourism products and
services is aided by beautiful nature, beaches, hiking trails, different activities and
events, fine cafs and restaurants, golf and tennis courts, etc.; however, these
cannot be treated as separate health tourism products or services. Still, these can
be combined with health tourism products.
New forms of tourism during the period of industrial revolution
An Industrial Revolution was a fundamental economic change, started first in
England during 1750-1850, the economy of England changed from mostly
agricultural to mostly industrial. This was the result not only of one key invention
but of technological progress in different fields coming together. Its center is the
development of factories (which hadnt really existed before this time), but they
couldnt have developed without better transportation creating larger markets and
better transportation couldnt have existed without the growth of the iron industry,
which couldnt have grown without steam engines. Society had a hard time
adjusting to the new economic system.
The Landmarks in the development of tourism during the period of industrial
revolution consist of the mobility era and the period of Thomas Cook.
Tourism in the 20th century

The growing demand for leisure travel among the working population began as
day trips initially in the late eighteenth century and increasingly throughout the
nineteenth century. If was this forms of tourism that was to develop further in the
twentieth century. The development of tourism is the early part of the 20 th century
displays numerous themes and exogenous factors, Particularly important are the
economic, social and political climates as well as aspect such as affluences, holiday
entitlement and technological advances.
The means of mobility and interesting in seeing new places during the period of
industrial revolution were not enough. The seeds of mass tourism were planted
during the first half of the 20th century when the Industrialists created the paid
vacation. The working and middle classes in industrialized countries thus were
given the financial means and the time to satisfy their newfound wanderlust.