BIOTECHNOLOGY SYLLABUS

SCHEME OF INSTRUCTION AND EXAMINATION

B.Tech. (Biotech) II YEAR - I Semester

SUBJECT
CODE

SUBJECTS

PERIODS /
WEEK

DURATION OF
EXAM.

MARKS

Th/ Lab
Sessional

Exams

Hours

BTT.2.101
Mathematics - 1

30

70

Biochemistry

30

70

Cell Biology &

Immunology

30

70

Process Engineering
Principles

30

70

Chemical &
Biochemical
Thermodynamics

30

70

Environmental Studies

30

70

Biochemistry Lab

25

50

Cell Biology and

Immunology Lab

25

50

BTT.2.102

BTT.2.103

BTT.2.104

BTT.2.105

BTT.2.106

BTP.2.107

BTP.2.108

BTP.2.109

Multimedia Assisted
Language Lab

25

50

255

570

MATHEMATICS-I

Subject code

: BTT.2.101

Sessional

: 30

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

Nature of Examination : Theory

Exam Duration : 3 Hrs

UNIT - I.

: 70

DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS:

Formation of Differential Equations; Solution of First Order and First Degree Ordinary Differential
Equations (Variable Separable, Homogeneous and Exact Differential Equations) -Equations Reducible to
Homogeneous and Exact Differential equations; Linear Differential Equations; Integral Factors;
Equations Reducible to Linear Equations; Linear Differential Equations of n* Order with Constant
coefficients; Complementary Functions and Particular Integrals.

UNIT - II.

LINEAR EQUATIONS OF SECOND ORDER:

i. Change of dependent variable

ii. Reduction to the normal from
iii. Change of independent variable
iv. Variation of parameters

UNIT - III. POWER SERIES SOLUTIONS:

Series Solution of Differential Equations: Ordinary and Regular points of a differential equation, series
solution at an ordinary point and at a regular point.

UNIT - IV. SPECIAL FUNCTIONS:

Properties of Gamma and Beta Functions.; Relation between Beta and Gamma Functions related
Problems; Error Functions; Solution of Hyper geometric equation. Properties of hyper geometric
function.

UNIT - V. SOLUTION SPECIAL EQUATIONS:

Solution of Legendre's equation in series. Rodrigue's formula. Generating function, Recurrence formulae
and Octagonal property. Solution of Bessel equation. Generating function. Recurrence formulae.
Orthogonal property and Integral formula for Jn ( x)

EXAMINATION :

One question from each unit with internal choice.

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Engineering Mathematics, B.V.Ramana, Tata McGraw-Hill (2003).
2. A text Book of Engineering Mathematics by P. Nageshwara Rao, Y. Narasimhulu & N. Prabhakar
Rao, Deepthi Publications.
3. A Text Book of Engineering Mathematics, Vol-1 T. K. V. Iyengar, B. Krishna Gandhi and Others,
S. Chand & Company.
REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Ordinary and partial differential equations by M.D. Raisinghania Sultan & Chand Co. (1991).
2. Higher engineering mathematics by DR. B.S. Grewal, Khanna publishers(1998).

BIOCHEMISTRY

Subject code

: BTT.2.102

Sessional

: 30

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 70

Nature of Examination : Theory

Exam Duration : 3 Hrs

UNIT-I: METABOLISM OF CARBOHYDRATES AND LIPIDS

Carbohydrate Metabolism- Glycolysis, glycogenolysis, HMP, Citric Acid Cycle (TCA Cycle) and
Oxidative Phosphorylation, Metabolic Pathways- Biosynthesis of Glucose, Glycogen and starch, Lipid
Metabolism- Catabolism of Fatty Acids, Triglycerol and Cholesterol Metabolism; Metabolic PathwaysBiosynthesis of Saturated (stearic acid) and Unsaturated (Oleic acid) Fatty Acids, phospholipids and
sphingolipids, Glycoproteins and Glyco Lipids.

UNIT-II: METABOLISM OF PROTEINS AND NUCLEIC ACIDS

Amino acids metabolism- Biosynthesis of Amino Acids, Peptides; Catabolism of Carbon skeletons of
Amino Acids- Transamination, Oxidative Deamination and Oxidative Decarboxylation, metabolic fate of
amino acids; Nitrogen Excretion and Urea Cycle;
Nucleic Acid Metabolism- Biosynthesis of Purine and Pyrimidine Ribonucleotides, synthesis of
Deoxyribonucleiotides; Degradation of Purine and Pyramidine Nucleotides.

UNIT-III: BIOCHEMICAL PATHWAY OF PHOTOSYNTHESIS

Plant photosynthesis - Photosynthetic pigments and photochemistry; Hill reaction; Photosynthetic
reaction centers- Photosystem -I, Photosystem II; Chloroplast- Organization of chloroplasts, chlorophylls
trap solar energy; Oxygenic Photosynthesis - I; Photophosphorylation-Cyclic and Non-cyclic Photo
Phosphorylation; Dark reaction - Carbon dioxide fixation in Ca path way (Calvin cycle).

UNIT-IV: ENZYMES, COENZYMES AND METAL & NON METAL IONS

Enzyme: Nomenclature, Classification, Properties and Functions; Coenzymes-Coenzymes in hydrogen
transfer reactions (NAD+, FAD, Lipoic acid) and group transfer reactions(Biotin, TPP, Pyridoxal
phosphate, Coenzyme A, Tetrahydrofolic acid), Metal ions Biological Systems - Role of Sodium,
Potassium, Iron, Copper and Magnesium; Calcium, Phosphorus, Iodine and Sulfur.

UNIT-V: HORMONES AND VITAMINS

Hormones- Classification of hormones-Based on the Chemical Nature & Mechanism of Action; Steroid
hormones-Ovarian, Testicular hormones; Peptide hormones- Hormones of the Pancreas; Amino acid
derivatives-Thyroidal and Parathyroid hormones; Vitamins - Classification (Water and Fat Soluble);
Chemical Nature and Mechanism of Action of Vitamins; Biological Importance of Vitamins.

EXAMINATION: One question from each unit with internal choice

TEXTS BOOKS:

1. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry: A.L, Nelson O.L, M.M. Cox, , CBS

Publications, 1993.
2. Biochemistry by Jeremy Berg (Author), John L. Tymoczko (Author), Lubert Stryer . W.H.
Freeman & Company, (2006).
REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Biochemistry - Voet D. and Voet J.G., 2nd edition, 1995, John Wiley publications, New York.
2. Outlines of Biochemistry Conn and Stumpf, John Wiley, (2007)
3. Nelson, David L., Cox, Michael M. Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry 4/e, (2005), W.H.
Freeman, Madison Avenue, New York.
4. Berg Jeremy M., Tymoczko, John L. , Stryer, Lubert Biochemistry 5/e, (2002), W.H. Freeman,
New York.
5. Experimental Biochemistry by Switzer, Robert L., Garrity, Liam F. 3/e, (1999), W.H. Freeman,
New York.
6. Biochemistry by Campbell K.M and Farrel O.S 5ed (2005), Thomson brooks and Cole.
7. Biochemistry, Berg M.J, Tymoczko J.L, Stryer L., 5ed ((2002)), W.H. Freeman, New York.
8. Harpers Biochemistry by Murray R.K, Granner D.K, Mayes P.A and Rodwell V.W 26ed (2003)
Mcgraw Hill, New Delhi.

CELL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY

Subject code

: BTT.2.103

Sessional

: 30

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 70

Nature of Examination : Theory

Exam Duration : 3 Hrs

UNIT-I: CELL STRUCTURE, ORGANELLES AND THEIR FUNCTIONS

Cell structure and organization in Bacteria, Yeast, higher plants and animal cells. Structure and functions
of cell wall, plasma membrane, lysosomes, Ribosomes, Golgi complex, Peroxisomes, Glyoxysomes,
Mitochondria, Plastids, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Vacuoles, Centrioles, Cytoskeleton - composition,
structure & functions of Microtubules, Microfilaments and Intermediate filaments.

UNIT-II: NUCLEUS & CHROMOSOMES

Nucleus, its ultra structure, (Nuclear envelope, Nucleoplasm, Chromatin fibers); Structure of
Nucleosome, Euchromatin, Heterochromatin, fine structure of chromosome, role of Histone & NonHistone proteins in structural organization of Chromosomes, Giant chromosomes; Polytene & Lampbrush chromosomes.

UNIT-III: CELL DIVISION AND CELL CYCLE

Cell Division: Mitosis - General events of Interphase, Prophase, Meta phase and Telophase; Meiosis Heterotypic and Homotypic Meiotic division; Cytokinesis: Significance of Mitosis, Meiosis and
Reproductive cycle.
Cell cycle: Different phases of cell cycle, molecular basis of cell cycle regulation, cyclin dependent
kinases, CDK- cyclin activity- Progress through cell cycle- Apoptosis.

UNIT-IV: IMMUNE SYSTEM

History of immunology, Structure, composition and functions of cells and organs involved in immune
system- B-cells, T-cells, lymphocytes, phagocytes, auxiliary cells, soluble mediators -lymphokines,
cytokines, interleukines; lymphoid organs- primary (thymus, bone marrow, bursa of fabricus) secondary
(lymph node, spleen, MALT, GALT); Immune responses- innate and acquired immunity; humoral and
cell-mediated immunity;

UNIT-V: ANTIGENS, ANTIBODIES AND REACTIONS

Antigens- nature and properties; haptens toxoids and vaccines; Immunoglobullins- structure,
heterogenecity, types, antibody production - hybridoma technique, Antigen - antibody reactionsagglutination, precipitation, complement fixation; and Atomic Absorption microscopy for detection of
antigen - antibody complex, ELISA, RIA.

EXAMINATION:

One question from each unit with internal choice

TEXT BOOKS:

1. The Cell: A Molecular Approach by Geoffrey M. Cooper, Robert E. Hausman Publisher: Sinauer
Associates; 3rd edition (2003).
2. Cell and Molecular Biology: Concepts and Experiments by Gerald Karp Wiley; 4th edition (2004).
3. Cell Biology CB Powar & SC Rastogi, Himalaya Publisher, (2006).
4. Immunology Kuby, Richard Goldsby Thomas J Kinott Barbara and Osborne, W.H Freeman & Co. 5 th
edition, (2003).

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.

Molecular Cell Biology - Damell J, Lodish H, Baltimore D, W H Freeman, (1990).

Essentials of Immunology- Riovett. Blackwell Scietific Publication Oxford 1991.
The world of cell Becker Reece Poenie 3rd edition Benjamin publishers
Immunology, Kindt Thomas J. ,Osborne, Barbara A., Goldsby, Richard A. Kuby 6/e, (2006),
W.H.Freeman, Madison avenue, New York.
Immunobiology, by Charles A. Janeway, 6th edition, Garland Science Publishers.
Cellular and Molecular Immunology, 5th Edition Authors: Abul K. Abbas & Andrew H.
Lichtman and Andrew H. Lichtman. Elsevier publications
Immunology, Immunopathology and Immunity by Stewart Sell, Edward E M, 6 th edition,
((2001)) ASM press, Washington
Essential Immunology by Roitt I.M and Delves P.J, 10th edition, ((2001)), Blackwell publishers.

PROCESS ENGINEERING PRINCIPLES

Subject code

: BTT.2.104

Sessional

: 30

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 70

Nature of Examination : Theory

Exam Duration : 3 Hrs

UNIT-1: DIMENSIONS AND SYSTEM OF UNITS

Fundamental quantities, derived quantities and conversions; SI and MKS system of Units; Basic
Chemical Engineering calculations- Atomic, Molecular and Equivalent weights, molar concept,
Concentration units for pure components, Vapor pressures, Moles, Mixers and solutions, Molarity,
Molality, Normality and Partial pressures; Laws of Chemical Combination; Definition of Stochiometry;
Composition of mixers and solutions; Weight fraction; Mole fraction; Volumetric composition; Density
and Specific gravity, Ideal gas law; Ideal mixtures and solution; Dalton's law of additive pressures;
Amagots law of additive volumes.

UNIT- II: VAPOUR PRESSURE AND HUMIDITY

Vapor Pressure- Liquefaction & Liquid state, Vaporization, Boiling point, Effect of temperature on Vapor
Pressure, Vapor Pressure plots, Vapor Pressure of immiscible liquids & solutions, Raoult's law and its
limitations. Humidity- Relative and Percent saturation, Dew point, Wet and dry bulb temperatures, use of
humidity charts.

UNIT- III: MATERIAL BALANCES

Laws of conservation of mass, meaning of material balance and its applications, Process flow sheet,
Drawing material balance on non reacting steady system, Conversion, yield, Limiting reactants, Excess
reactants, Recycling, By-passing, Material balances on steady state reacting systems with recycling and
By-passing.

UNIT- IV: ENERGY BALANCES

Law of conservation of energy, Meaning of energy balance and its importance, Inputs of energy balance,
Specific heat and sensible heat, Latent heat and heats of transition, Sublimation, Enthalpy of solutions,
Standard heats of formation, Standard heats of combustion, Standard heats of reaction, Bess's law,
Kirchoffs law, Determination of heat of reaction at temperature other than standard temperature using
specific heat relationships, Combustion calculations, Combustion air requirements, determination of flue
gas composition from fuel composition and vice versa.

UNIT - V: UNIT OPERATIONS IN BIOPROCESSES

Application of principles of unit operations and unit processes in biotech Industries, Application of
principles of transport phenomenon (momentum, mass and heat transfer) in bioprocessing. Outline of an
integrated bioprocess and the various (upstream and down stream) unit operations involved in
bioprocesses, generalized process flow sheets.

EXAMINATION:

One question from each unit with internal choice

TEXT BOOKS:

1. Chemical Process Principles, Part - I (Material and Energy Balances) - Hougen & Watson K M &
Ragatz R A, 2nd Edition, New Age International.
2. Stoichiometry- Bhatt B I and S M Vora, Tata McGraw Hill.

REFERENCE BOOKS:

1. Basic Principles and Calculations in Chemical Engineering by D M Himmelblau, Prentice Hall.

2. Principles of Process Engineering by S. M. Henderson, Robert L. Perry, J. H. Young. Asae; 4 th
edition (1997).
3. Coulson & Richardsons Chemical Engineering, Vol. 3., Ed.: JF Richardson, DG Peacock,
(1994), ISBN 0-08-041003-0.
4. Bioprocess Engineering: basic concepts, M. Shuler and F. Kargi, Prentice Hall ISBN 0-13478215-1.
5. Bioseparations Engineering: Principles, Practice, and Economics by Michael R. Ladisch. WileyInterscience; 1st edition ((2001)).
6. Introduction to Biochemical Engineering, D.G.Rao, Tata Mc Hill (2005).
7. Bio-process Engineering Principles, Pauline M.Doran. Academic press (1995).
8. Unit operations of chemical engineering,Mc Cabe, W.L, Smith J.C., and Harriot P., Mc-Graw
Hill, 3re Ed. (1993).
9. "Technical aspects of the rheological properties of microbial cultures", - Charles, M (1978) in
Advanmces in Biochemical Engineering, Ghose, T.K., Fiechter, A and Blakebrough, N.( Eds),
Spinger-Verlag.
10. Unit operation in Food processing, Earle, R.L. (1996) Pergamon Press, Oxford,

CHEMICAL & BIOCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Subject code

: BTT.2.105

Sessional

: 30

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 70

Nature of Examination : Theory

Exam Duration : 3 Hrs

UNIT-I: BASIC CONCEPTS IN ENGINEERING THERMODYNAMICS

System: Definition and Classification of system based on number of components, homogeneity

and heterogeneity and exchange of mass and heat
Processes: Based on flow [batch or flow] based on thermodynamic properties (Isothermal,
Isobaric, Isochoric, Adiabatic, Polytropic)
State and Path Functions, equilibrium, Phase rule
Thermodynamic Properties of fluids P, V, T, Critical properties (V c,Tc,Pc), Cp, Cv
Forms of energy U, H, Q, W, S, classification of properties-intensive and extensive
I-Law of Thermodynamics, application of I-law to closed systems and cyclic processes.
Application of I-law to an open system (steady state-steady flow process) and derivation of total
energy balance equation
I-law applied to flow processes nozzle, turbine and compressor, throttling device (capillary
tube)
PVT behaviour of pure fluids P-V, P-T, T-V (Description and characteristic curves)
Real and Ideal Gas definition
Equations of state Ideal gas law, Virial equations of state (restricted to first two terms, ex: Z = 1
+ B1P)
Qualitative treatment of non ideal gas, Cubic equations of state Van der Waals and Redlich
kwong
Estimation of thermodynamic properties using equations of state (non-iterative processes)
Processes involving ideal gases (isochoric,isobaric,isothermal,adiabatic,polytropic simple
applications)
II-law of thermodynamics: Limitations to I-law, qualitative statement of Kelvin Plank and
Clausius versions of II-law, entropy definition, entropy and heat calculations, Simple
applications involving calculation of entropy change (for phase change, mixing) for ideal gases.
Qualitative statement of III-law of thermodynamics.
Maxwell relations problems not included, Residual properties definition (V R, HR, SR, GR
basic property relations for ideal gases, problems not included)

UNIT-II: SOLUTION THERMODYNAMICS

Partial molar properties definition and related mathematical expressions, simple applications
involving calculation of partial molar properties for binary systems using analytical methods (no
graphical method)
Concepts of Chemical potential and fugacity (for pure species and species in solution)
Derivation of most general Gibbs Duhem equation and its different forms
Lewis Randall rule, Raoults law, Henrys law Definition and simple applications.
Excess properties definition and fundamental relation for excess Gibbs free energy, problems
not included, property changes of mixing- not included
Activity and activity coefficients, correlations to calculate activity coefficients Margules, Van
Laar and Wilson equations simple applications involving binary systems (NRTL, UNIQUAC,
UNIFAC not included)

UNIT-III: CRITERIA FOR PHASE EQUILIBRIA

Vapor-liquid equilibrium calculations for binary systems P-x-y ,T-x-y diagrams, Bubble
Pressure, Bubble temperature, Dew pressure, Dew temperature
Liquid-liquid equlibria, Solid-liquid equilibria - qualitative treatment only

UNIT-IV: CHEMICAL REACTION EQUILIBRIA

Equilibrium criteria for homogenous chemical reactions

Standard Gibbs energy change of reaction, Reaction co-ordinate -definition
Evaluation of equilibrium constant numerical problems not included
Effect of pressure and temperature on equilibrium constant qualitative treatment, simple
problems involving temperature dependence of equilibrium constant.
Calculation of equilibrium conversions and yields for single reactions.

UNIT-V: BIOCHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS

Energetics of Metabolic Pathways, Energy coupling (ATP & NADH)

Stoichiometry and energetic analysis of Cell Growth and Product Formation
Thermodynamics of microbial growth
Oxygen consumption and heat evolution in aerobic cultures
Energy balance equation for cell culture

EXAMINATION :

One question from each unit with internal choice

TEXT BOOKS:
1. Introduction to Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics, J.M.Smith, H.C.Van Ness and
M.M.Abbott, McGraw Hill, (1995).
2. Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by Y.V.C.Rao, (1997) Publisher: Universities Press.
3. Textbook of Chemical Engineering Thermodynamics by K.V.Narayanan, (2007), Publisher:
Prentice-hall Of India Pvt Ltd.
4. Kinetics and Energetics in Biotechnology, J.A.Roels, Elsevier, 1983.

REFERENCE BOOKS:
1. Biochemical Thermodynamics: Applications of Mathematica by Robert A. Alberty Publisher:
John Wiley & Sons (2006).
2. Chemical, Biochemical, and Engineering Thermodynamics by Stanley I. Sandler
John Wiley & Sons, 4th Edition (2006).
3. Thermodynamics of Biochemical Reactions by Robert A. Alberty, John Wiley & Sons, (2005).

ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES

Subject code

: BTT.2.106

Sessional

: 30

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 70

Nature of Examination : Theory

Exam Duration : 3 Hrs

UNIT -1: THE MULTIDISCIPLINARY NATURE OF ENVIRONMENTAL STUDIES:

Definition, Scope and Importance; Indicators for Sustainable Development; Natural Resources: Forest,
Land, Mineral, Food, Water and Energy Resources; Uses, Benefits, Safety, Security and over-exploitation;
Role of an individual in conservation of natural resources. Sustainability Theory and Practice; equitable
use of resources for sustainable lifestyles; Ecosystem: Concepts, Types, Characteristic Features, Structure
and Functions

UNIT -- II: BIODIVERSITY AND ITS CONSERVATION

Introduction, Definition, Types and Levels of Biodiversity; Genetic, Species and Ecosystem diversity;
Species Richness; Indigenous Knowledge, Magnitude and Distribution of Biodiversity;
Medicinal and Economic Value of biodiversity; Consumptive and Productive use; Biodiversity at Global,
National and Local levels. Biogeographically Classification of India - India as a mega-diversity nation
and Hot spots; Threats to biodiversity; Endangered and endemic species of India; Conservation of
biodiversity: In-situ conservation of biodiversity. Relevance of Biotechnology and Nanotechnology in
Sustainable Development, Production and Environment Protection

UNIT - III: ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION AND ITS PROBLEMS

Local and Global Issues - Definition, causes, effects and control measures of:
a) Air pollution, b) Water pollution, c) Soil pollution, d) Marine pollution, e) Noise pollution, f) Thermal
pollution and g) Nuclear hazards
Role of an individual in pollution prevention and case studies of pollution. Solid and Hazardous Waste
Management: Causes, effects and control measures of urban and
industrial wastes; Development of Value added products from Solid Wastes; Waste Minimization in
Manufacturing Industry: Alternative Methods and Routes for Process Development; Reduce, Recycle and
Reuse; Cost Benefit analysis of a Process or Method and Importance of Mass Balance; Case studies with
reference to Pharma Industry; Green House Gas Effects: Climate change, global warming, acid rain and
forest, ozone layer and ground water depletion. Environmental Problems in India: Drinking Water,
Sanitation and Public Health;

UNIT - IV: SOCIAL ISSUES AND THE ENVIRONMENT

Human Population and Environment: Population Growth and Population Explosion;
Social Problems related to poverty, energy, water, shelter, infrastructure, food, health, sanitation, hygiene,
land scape, livelihood, information, environment and value education.
Effects of Human Activities on the quality of Environment: Urbanization; Communication,
Transportation, Industrialization and Green revolution; Water conservation, Rain Water harvesting,
Watershed Management; Resettlement and Rehabilitation of People, its problems and concerns, Case
Studies. Environmental ethics; Civic Sense, Issues and Possible Solutions. Disaster management plan:
Natural and Man Made disasters, floods, earthquake, cyclone, tsunami, landslides, nuclear accidents, fire
and bio-terrorism; Case studies related to social issues: Wasteland, reclamation. Consumerism and waste
products.

UNIT - V: INSTITUTIONAL SETUP AND LEGISLATION:

Government Regulatory Bodies involving monitoring and Enforcement of Environmental Regulations;
Environment Protection Acts: Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act. Water (Prevention and
control of Pollution) Act, Coastal Regulation Zone (CRZ) Act, EIA Notification, Hazardous Waste Rules
and Municipal Solid Waste Rules; Right to Information Act, Wildlife Protection Act and Forest
Conservation Act, International Conventions on Environment: Stockholm, Rio, Basel, Arhus, Ramsur and
Kyoto. Environment Impact Assessment (EIA) Studies: Definition, Classification, Direct, Indirect and
Cumulative Assessment of Impacts; Reversible, Irreversible, Negative and Positive Impacts; Eco Audit
and Eco Labeling (ISO: 14000); Environmental Management Plan (EMP); Design l or Environment;
Relevance of Command Control Paradigm in Environmental Governance; Issues involved in enforcement
of environmental legislation and Public awareness.

CASE STUDIES.
Note: Atleast one field visit is must for studying of Environment in a Local Area / Ecosystem / Industry
and also an Assignment on Environment.

EXAMINATION : One question from each unit with internal choice.

TEXT BOOKS:
1 Introduction to Environmental Sciences by Anjaneyulu Y., B.S.Publications, (2003).
2. Glimpses of Environment by Murali Krishna K.V.S., Environment Protection Society, (2003).

REFERENCES:

1. Environmental Biology Agarwal, K.C.(2001), Nidi Publ. Ltd Bikaner.

2. The Biodiversity of India by Bharucha Erach, , Mapin Publishing Pvt. Ltd.,
3. Hazardous Waste Incineration Brunner R.C.,1989, , McGraw Hill Inc.480p
4. Marine Pollution Clark R.S., , Clanderson Press Oxford (TB)
5. Environmental Encyclopedia Cunningham, W.P.Cooper, T.H.Gorhani, E & Hepworth, M.T.(2001), ,
Jaico Publ.House, Mumbai.
6. Environmental Chemistry De A.K., , Wiley Eastern Ltd.
7. Down to Earth, Centre for Science and Environment ( R )
8 Water in crisis, Pacific Institute for Studies in Dev., Environment & Security. Stockholm Env. Gleick,
H.P. 1993, Institute. Oxford Univ. Press.
9. Encyclopedia of Indian Natural History Hawkins R.E, Bombay Natural History Society, Bombay (R)
10. Global Biodiversity Assessment Heywood, V.H. & Watson, R.T 1995. Cambridge Univ. Press.
11. Environmental Protection and Laws Jadhav, H & Bhosale, V.M.I9965. Himalaya Pub. H. Delhi.
12. Environmental Science systems & Solutions, Mckinney, M.L. & Schoch, R.M.I996. Web edition..
13. Matter Hazardous, Mhaskar A.K, , Techno-Science Publication (TB)
14. Environmental Science Miller T.G. Jr., Wadsworth Publishing Co. (TB)
15. Fundamentals of Ecology Odum, E.P 1971. W.B.Saunders Co.USA.
16. Waste Water treatment Rao M.N. & Datta, A.K.I987. Oxford & IBH Publ. Co.Pvt.Ltd.
17. Environmental Chemistry SharmaB.K. (2001). Goel Publ. House, Meerut
18. Survey of the Environment, the Hindu (M)
19. Essentials of Ecology Townsend C., Harper J, and Michael Begon, , Blackwell Science (TB)
20. Handbook of Environmental Laws, Rules, Guidelines, Compliances and Standards,Trivedi R.K., Vol I
and II, Enviro Media ( R )
21. Introduction to air pollution Trivedi R.K. and P.K.Goel, Techno-Science Publications (TB)
22. Environmental Management Wagner K.D., (1998). W.B. Saunders Co. Philadelphia, USA.

BIOCHEMISTRY LABORATORY

Subject code

: BTP.2.107

Sessional

: 25

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 50

Nature of Examination :Practicals

Exam Duration : 4 Hrs

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

(Minimum of 4 Minor and 8 Major Experiments in the list are to be performed)

1.

Introduction to Biochemistry Lab: Units, Volume / Weight measurements, concentration units,

pH measurement, Preparation of buffers, reagents, sensitivity, specificity, precision and
accuracy.

Qualitative Tests

2.
3.
4.
5.

Qualitative tests for carbohydrates,

Qualitative tests for Amino acids and proteins
Qualitative tests for Lipids and Nucleic acids.
Methylene Blue Reduction Test (MBRT) for Milk Quality

Quantitative Tests

6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.

Estimation of Carbohydrates by Anthrone method, Benedict's method and DNS method.

Estimation of Amino acids by Ninhydrin method.
Estimation of Proteins by Biuret, Folin's and Bradford assay.
Determination of Iodine Number, Acid value and Saponification value of Fat.
Estimation of Cholesterol
Estimation of Phosphorous.
Estimation of Calcium in foods and serum
Estimation of Ascorbic acid in foods

CELL BIOLOGY AND IMMUNOLOGY LABORATORY

Subject code

: BTP.2.108

Sessional

: 25

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 50

Nature of Examination : Practicals

Exam Duration : 4 Hrs

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS

(Minimum of 4 Minor and 8 Major Experiments in the list are to be performed)

1. Study of Mitosis and Meiosis using Onion Root Tips and Flower Buds.
2. ABO Blood Grouping and Identification of Rh typing.
3. Quantitative Precipitin Assay (QPA).
4. Ouchterlony Double Diffusion for Antigen Antibody Patterns (ODD).
5. Immuno-electrophoresis (IEP).
6. Radial Immune Diffusion test (RID).
7. Widal test.
8. VDRL tests.
9. Total and Differential count of RBC & WBC by Micrcpipette method.
10. Erythrocyte sedimentation rate.
11. Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for Antigen capture and Antibody capture.
12. Estimation of Immunoglobullins by Precipitation with Saturated Ammonium Sulphate.

MULTIMEDIA AIDED LANGUAGE LAB

Subject code

: BTP.2.109

Sessional

: 25

Periods / Week : 4

Examination

: 50

Nature of Examination : Practicals

Exam Duration : 4 Hrs

LIST OF EXPERIMENTS (Minimum of 8 Experiments in the list are to be performed)

Exercise Oriented Practical:

Exercise- 1: Writing Effective Headings, Writing Effective Passages - To describe; To compare and
contrast;

To define; to show cause and effect and to show sequence

Exercise-2: Writing Grammatically Sound Sentence, Using the Right Tense and Voice - Using the active
voice; Paring the passive, Writing in the third person and using the imperative voice

Exercise-3: Punctuating Effectively - Common punctuation marks and how to use them; Using
punctuation to clarify messages and improve readability, Bullets, numbers, white space and Using
symbols and abbreviations

Exercise - 4: Writing Summaries; Description - Event and Product

Exercise - 5: Writing Specific Documents - Letters and Memos; Job Applications, Cover letters and
Resume.

Exercise - 6: Writing - Procedures; Proposals and Analytical Reports.

Exercise-7: Using of Graphs, Tables and Figures for representing a data

Exercise- 8: Writing out a talk; Extra verbal Cues; Handouts, Visuals and demonstration Models.

Exercise - 9: Basics of Web Page Design; Writing and Designing for World Wide Web.

Exercise -10: Document Authoring and Maintenance; HTML Language and Electronic Publishing.

Exercise -11: Designing and Writing for Multimedia.

Exercise- 12: Personal and Group Communication: E-mail; Mailing Lists, News Groups and Pharmacy
-Related Discussion Forums.

Exercise- 13: Collaborations of Health care providers using Network Technologies; Intranets, Software
used for remote collaboration and Telemedicine.