WH-Q

Wh-qs are addressed to a constituent of the sentence that is why they are also called
constituent questions. Wh-q are derived from simple sentences by means of two
movements: a) movement of the inflection (aux/mod); b)movement of the wh-word.
Wh-q can be addressed to all the arguments of the sentence (the SU, Do, IO, PO,
predicatives) and to all adjuncts (attributes and AMs)
WH-phrase can be expresed by: a) interrogative pronouns: what,who,which;
b)interrogative adv: when,where,how,why; determiners: how much,how many. c)
Determiners can be replaced by demonstratives this/that.
Questioning the arguments:
>Questioning the DO
He disclosed the secret. He will disclose the secret? Will he-disclose the secret? What
will he-disclose-? Did he disclose the secret? What did he disclosed? When question
the DO the aux or the modal vb is moved to pre-S position and the relative pronoun
replacing the DO is moved to front position with question. When the lexical vb is in
the present or past simple the aud DO is inserted in pre-S position and the relative
pronoun is moved to initial position in the question.
>Questioning the IO a.Give
He gave a book to Helen. OOC =. To whom did he gave a book?pied pipping (PP)
Who did he give a book to preposition standing (PS) He gave Helen a book DOC
*When did he give a book? Send,promise,offer. The IO can be questioned only in the
OOC by means of PP or PS. In other words the IO can be questioned only when it has
a preposition. That is why the IO in DOC cannot be questioned.
b.donate: He donates the money to charity. V+DO+IO OOC * He donated the charity
the money. V+IO+DO DOC To whom did he donate the money? PP Who(m) Did he
donate the money to?PS Je distributed his fortune to his relatives OOC. * He
distributed his relatives his fortune. Ditransitive vbs like donate and distribute can be
only be used in OOC in which the IO with a preposition can be questioned by using
either PP or PS.
c.Spare,forgive,envy. The judge spared John the ordeal. DOC DV like
spare,forgive,envy
only occur in the DOC in which the IO is prepositionless as consecince the wh-q can
be addressed to the IO.
3.Questioning the PO. The PO occurs in sentences that include:
1.Prepositional transitives vbs : to acuse sbd of sth,to blame sbd for sth.
2/Prepositional Intransitives vbs: to apply for sth,to insist of sth,to depend sth or sbd.
3.Prepositional adjectives : afraid oof,ashamed of.
4.Idioms with obligatory preoposition:to get to the bottom of sth,to take advantage of
sth. They will blame John [for his failure] What wukk they blame John for?PS To
what will they blame John?PP When the PO is questioned English provides a choice
between 2 constructions one more formal one colocvial. In formal style the
preposition moves with the interrogative pronoun in fornt position in thr question,in
the colloquial or informal style only the interrogative pronoun moves to initial
position while the preposition remains behind or standing. John arrived [during the
meeting (amt)] *During what did John arrive?pp * What did John during? When did
John arrived.. PP and PS cannot be used to derive wh-q when the preposition is part of
an adv modifer (am
are optional and their preposition are optional ) Im trying to get hold (idiom) [of that
man]

Who are you trying to get hold of?PS Of who are you trying to get hold?PP
V+x+preposition+n : to get hold of sbd,to take advantage of sth,to do away with sth,to
put up with,to make sure of,to take change of. Idioms with the structure
v+x+preposition+n allowed theirPO to be questiones only by means of the PS
construction, I am trying to take advantage [of my situation] What are you trying to
take advantage of?PS *Of what are you tryingto take advantage?PP
4.Questioning the S: John can speak Japanesse. John speaks Japanesse. Who speaks
Japanesse? The S is questiones without wh-movement, DO insertion or auxiliary
inversion. The Su is simply replaced by a interrogative pronoun which is already in
initial position.
Other types of wh-q
1.Multiple wh-q : John gave a picture to his friends. Who gave what to whom? Tom
left before doing this duty? Who left before doing what> He bught bread at the
backers. He biuyght what from where? From where did he buy what? What did he buy
from where? Multiple wh-q contain 2 or 3 wh-words which remain in situ when the S
is questioned. When the S is not questioned. When the S is not questioned one of the
wh-words can move to initial position while the other one remain in situ. John got his
answer when he was young. What got what when>> John got what when> What did
John get where? When did John get what?
2.Echo q . Just take a look at that. Take a look at what> In echo q is a repetition of
declarative sentence in which only one constituent is replaced by a wh-word.The
speaker may question an agreement,a vb, an adj or a whole sentence. She set fire to
the garage. She did what to the garage? The whole sentence is questioned by means of
the vb DO. Sbd what does he want? What does he want? Money,as usual. A speaker
may question a question by simpoly repeating a rising intonation.
3.Emphatic question What is the matter? Whatever is the matter?What in Gods main
is the matter? Questions become emphatic when interrogative pronouns or adverbs
are compounds with ever Where did he leave? Wherever ? Whenever?

WH-Q
Wh-qs are addressed to a constituent of the sentence that is why they are also called
constituent questions. Wh-q are derived from simple sentences by means of two
movements: a) movement of the inflection (aux/mod); b)movement of the wh-word.
Wh-q can be addressed to all the arguments of the sentence (the SU, Do, IO, PO,
predicatives) and to all adjuncts (attributes and AMs)
WH-phrase can be expresed by: a) interrogative pronouns: what,who,which;
b)interrogative adv: when,where,how,why; determiners: how much,how many. c)
Determiners can be replaced by demonstratives this/that.
Questioning the arguments:
>Questioning the DO
He disclosed the secret. He will disclose the secret? Will he-disclose the secret? What
will he-disclose-? Did he disclose the secret? What did he disclosed? When question
the DO the aux or the modal vb is moved to pre-S position and the relative pronoun
replacing the DO is moved to front position with question. When the lexical vb is in
the present or past simple the aud DO is inserted in pre-S position and the relative
pronoun is moved to initial position in the question.
>Questioning the IO a.Give
He gave a book to Helen. OOC =. To whom did he gave a book?pied pipping (PP)
Who did he give a book to preposition standing (PS) He gave Helen a book DOC
*When did he give a book? Send,promise,offer. The IO can be questioned only in the
OOC by means of PP or PS. In other words the IO can be questioned only when it has
a preposition. That is why the IO in DOC cannot be questioned.
b.donate: He donates the money to charity. V+DO+IO OOC * He donated the charity
the money. V+IO+DO DOC To whom did he donate the money? PP Who(m) Did he
donate the money to?PS Je distributed his fortune to his relatives OOC. * He
distributed his relatives his fortune. Ditransitive vbs like donate and distribute can be
only be used in OOC in which the IO with a preposition can be questioned by using
either PP or PS.
c.Spare,forgive,envy. The judge spared John the ordeal. DOC DV like
spare,forgive,envy
only occur in the DOC in which the IO is prepositionless as consecince the wh-q can
be addressed to the IO.
3.Questioning the PO. The PO occurs in sentences that include:
1.Prepositional transitives vbs : to acuse sbd of sth,to blame sbd for sth.
2/Prepositional Intransitives vbs: to apply for sth,to insist of sth,to depend sth or sbd.
3.Prepositional adjectives : afraid oof,ashamed of.
4.Idioms with obligatory preoposition:to get to the bottom of sth,to take advantage of
sth. They will blame John [for his failure] What wukk they blame John for?PS To
what will they blame John?PP When the PO is questioned English provides a choice
between 2 constructions one more formal one colocvial. In formal style the
preposition moves with the interrogative pronoun in fornt position in thr question,in
the colloquial or informal style only the interrogative pronoun moves to initial
position while the preposition remains behind or standing. John arrived [during the
meeting (amt)] *During what did John arrive?pp * What did John during? When did
John arrived.. PP and PS cannot be used to derive wh-q when the preposition is part of
an adv modifer (am
are optional and their preposition are optional ) Im trying to get hold (idiom) [of that
man]

Who are you trying to get hold of?PS Of who are you trying to get hold?PP
V+x+preposition+n : to get hold of sbd,to take advantage of sth,to do away with sth,to
put up with,to make sure of,to take change of. Idioms with the structure
v+x+preposition+n allowed theirPO to be questiones only by means of the PS
construction, I am trying to take advantage [of my situation] What are you trying to
take advantage of?PS *Of what are you tryingto take advantage?PP
4.Questioning the S: John can speak Japanesse. John speaks Japanesse. Who speaks
Japanesse? The S is questiones without wh-movement, DO insertion or auxiliary
inversion. The Su is simply replaced by a interrogative pronoun which is already in
initial position.
Other types of wh-q
1.Multiple wh-q : John gave a picture to his friends. Who gave what to whom? Tom
left before doing this duty? Who left before doing what> He bught bread at the
backers. He biuyght what from where? From where did he buy what? What did he buy
from where? Multiple wh-q contain 2 or 3 wh-words which remain in situ when the S
is questioned. When the S is not questioned. When the S is not questioned one of the
wh-words can move to initial position while the other one remain in situ. John got his
answer when he was young. What got what when>> John got what when> What did
John get where? When did John get what?
2.Echo q . Just take a look at that. Take a look at what> In echo q is a repetition of
declarative sentence in which only one constituent is replaced by a wh-word.The
speaker may question an agreement,a vb, an adj or a whole sentence. She set fire to
the garage. She did what to the garage? The whole sentence is questioned by means of
the vb DO. Sbd what does he want? What does he want? Money,as usual. A speaker
may question a question by simpoly repeating a rising intonation.
3.Emphatic question What is the matter? Whatever is the matter?What in Gods main
is the matter? Questions become emphatic when interrogative pronouns or adverbs
are compounds with ever Where did he leave? Wherever ? Whenever?