THE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AS A CONTEMPORARY MANIFESTATION

OF ORWELLIAN DYSTOPIAN SOCIETY: REGIONAL CENTER NO. 02.

___________________________________________

A Thesis Presented to the Faculty of

College of Arts and Sciences
Cagayan State University
Carig Sur, Tuguegarao City
____________________________

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of

Bachelor of Arts in Political Science

____________________________________

Edgar Orpilla Bermudez

Rowena Balbuena Domingo
Loverly Amodo Barquez

March 2014
APPROVAL SHEET

This thesis entitled, THE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AS A CONTEMPORARY

MANIFESTATION OF ORWELLIAN DYSTOPIAN SOCIETY: REGIONAL
CENTER NO. 02, prepared and submitted by Edgar Orpilla Bermudez, Rowena
Balbuena Domingo and Loverly Amodo Barquez, in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the Degree of Bachelor of Arts in Political Science, has been examined
and attested during the final oral defense.
____________________
Date

ARCHIMEDES C. ARTICULO, DPLA

Adviser

Approved by the Panel for Oral Examination with a grade of __________________.

PROF. JOSE AUREO CAMACAM, LLB, MBA

Chairman

KRISTINE JOYCE L. DE LEON, MA

Member

MAC GIOVANNI LAGUNDI, DPLA

Member

MARY JANE T. UMENGAN, LLB, MAEM

Member

MARY JOY A. BORJA, DPA

Member

PATRIANNE PADUA, MAed

Reader

JOEL CASIBANG
Statistician

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Arts in Political
Science.

ARCHIMEDES C. ARTICULO, DPLA

College Dean
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

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The researchers would like to express their warm gratitude to all the people who
show their genuine passion and countless patience to make this study possible.
To Archimedes C. Articulo, the Dean of College of Arts and Sciences and the
thesis adviser as well, for his brilliant thoughts and suggestions, for accommodating and
sharing his time for us despite of his hectic schedule, for his fatherly advice and guidance
and for his never-ending support and encouragement in making this thesis.
To Maam Mary Joy Borja, the Political Science Adviser, for her unsolicited
support and assistance for the accomplishment of this study, for her Motherly care and
pieces of advice
To the panel members, Prof. Mary Jane Umengan, Prof. Kristine Joyce De Leon,
Prof. Jose Aureo Camacam and Prof. Mac Giovanni Lagundi, for giving their time,
critiques, suggestions and efforts during the pre and final defense which serve as a basis
for the completion of the research study.
Prof. Joel Casibang, statistician, for his patience and efforts in analyzing and
interpreting the statistical data of the study.
Prof. Patrianne Padua, our reader, for her generosity and dedication in reading and
editing our manuscript.
De Yro Family, for accommodating the group in their house just to finish the
study.
Edgar O. Bermudez, for his ride, pancit, cup of coffee and his limitless efforts and
tangible supports for the accomplishment of the study.
To their beloved families, relatives and friends who gave moral support,
motivations financial assistance, and inspirations for the fulfillment of this study.
Lastly, to our Almighty God for his blessings, love, guidance and for giving us
enough wisdom, power and energy all the way through for this study.

THE RESEARCHERS
Love
Weng
Edgar
DEDICATION
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I would like to dedicate this book for the following people who serve as my
inspirations in making this study possible and successful.
To my father and mother, Mr. Wilson Domingo Jr. and Mrs. Angelina Domingo,
for the love, care and endless support they gave to me. For being my hero and always
there to save me when I am lost. For cheering me up when Im down and for always there
till the end and for always thinking the best for us.
To my brothers and sister, Jomar, Joel and Joanne, who are my inspirations in
achieving this dream and for always there when I needed help and advice.
To our little princess in the family, Reighn Ivory, who always give joy and light in
the family and I thanked God for giving an angel in the family and I hope that you will
always be a good girl and continue giving happiness to the family.
To my superfriends, Yang, Angie, RaqPogi and Love, who became my best
buddies in my entire college days. Thank you so much for the memories that weve
shared, for the mischief that we did, for the bonding time that we have that always end up
in a food trip, for the tears that we shared and for the tampuhans that we encountered. I
will cherish all the moments that we have even if its good or bad. I will miss you pets
and I love you guys.
To kuya Edgar, who is a classmate, seatmate, friend and kuya to us especially for
me. Allow me to thank you for all the kindness and generosity that you have given to me.
Thank you po for the rides, the foods and all the stuff and most especially for the
priceless moments we shared in PolSci.
To Jestony Pascual, who is my lifeline in life whenever I needed someone to save
me and for teaching me how to value and appreciate all the things that God has given to
us in our everyday life. Thank you for accepting me to become part of your life and for
loving me despite who I am.
And to my Polsci family, thank you for the moments! May the good Lord bless us
and give us luck for our journey in the real world.
Hanggang sa muli mga kaibigan!!!!

-weng-

DEDICATION

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To my mom and dad, for giving practically everything a daughter could dream of;
To my siblings, for being just a phone call away when I need someone to talk to;
To my roommates, Gretchen, KM and Margie, for the sisterly advice, for the cheers
during sleepless nights, for being my stress and problem absorbers and my foster
family for 4 years;
To my friends, Angie, Raq, Weng and Leah, for the great support system;
To my USG and CSG family; for the priceless memories, happy days and great company;
To my debate family; for without them I wont learn extreme time management;
To Baby Raizen Tiffany and Baby Iori, may they not live in an Orwellian society;
To all my teachers and professors (from elementary to college) who molded me
intellectually for without them this work will never come in print;
To HIM, who made all things possible:
And lastly, this is for YOU: for all the reason you could ever think of.

-Loverly

TABLE OF CONTENTS
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TITLE PAGE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .i
APPROVAL SHEET . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . iii
DEDICATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vi
LIST OF TABLES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .ix
LIST OF FIGURES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .x
THESIS ABSTRACT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . xi
OPENING QUOTE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .xiii
Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION
Background of the Study. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1
Statement of the Problem . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .5
Definitions of Terms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .6
Significance of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Scope and Delimitation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .8
Table 1. Table showing the presence and number of Surveillance
Technology Agency subjected to the study
Chapter 2
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURES AND STUDIES
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.

Orwells Dystopian Society: Contemporary Manifestations . . . . . . . . . . 11

The Philosophical Foundation of Surveillance Technologies . . . . . . . . . .12
Surveillance Around the World . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Surveillance in the Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .23
Similar Cases . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .28
CCTV in Europe . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
The Data Collection . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
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Legal regulations of the proliferation of CCTV in Europe . . . . . . . .

. . . 30
CCTV Diffusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
Impacts of CCTV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Public Reaction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .35
CCTV in American Workplace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .37
CCTV in the Workplace (Philippines) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
F. Laws, Statutes, Ordinances on Surveillance. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .42
Conceptual Framework . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
Figure1. The Paradigm of the Study
Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY
Research Design . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Locale of the Study . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
Figure 2: The Map of the Locale of the Study
Respondents and Sampling Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Table 2: Respondents of the Study
Data Gathering Procedure . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .49
Statistical Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .50
Figure 3: Picture of CCTV Installed in the Regional Agencies
Chapter 4
PRESENTATION, ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA
The Profile of the Respondents . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
Table 3 Respondents according to Age
Table 3.2 Respondents according to Age and Grouping
Table 4.1 Respondents according to Sex
Table 4.2 Respondents according to Sex and Grouping
Table 5.1 Respondents according to Type of Residential Community
Table 5.2 Respondents according to Type of Residential Community and
Grouping
Table 6.1 Respondents according to Educational Attainment
Table 6.2 Respondents according to Educational Attainment and Grouping
Table 7.1 Respondents according to Years of Service
Table 7.2 Respondents according to Years of Service and Grouping
Data Treatment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Table 8.1 Effects of Surveillance Camera on Respondents
Interpretation of Likert Scale Used
Table 9.1 Effects of CCTV in relation to Age
Table 9.2 Effects of CCTV in relation to Sex
Table 9.3 Effects of CCTV in relation to the Type of Community
Table 9.4 Effects of CCTV in relation to Educational Attainment
Table 9.5 Effects of CCTV in relation to Years of Service
Table 10 Effects of Surveillance on Respondents
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Table 10.1 The Interpretation of Items A3 and A4

Table 10.2 The Weighted Mean of Items A3 and A4 of the Three Groups
Table 10.3 The Weighted Mean of the Three Groups
Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Summary Findings . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Conclusions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Recommendations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .74
WORK CITED . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75
APPENDICES . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .79
CURRICULUM VITAE
EGDAR O. BERMUDEZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
ROWENA B. DOMINGO. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .85
LOVERLY A. BARQUEZ. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .86

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Table showing the presence and number of Surveillance Technology Agency
subjected to the study
Table 2: Respondents of the Study
Table 3: Respondents according to Age
Table 3.2: Respondents according to Age and Grouping
Table 4.1: Respondents according to Sex

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Table 4.2: Respondents according to Sex and Grouping

Table 5.1: Respondents according to Type of Residential Community
Table 5.2: Respondents according to Type of Residential Community and Grouping
Table 6.1: Respondents according to Educational Attainment
Table 6.2: Respondents according to Educational Attainment and Grouping
Table 7.1: Respondents according to Years of Service
Table 7.2: Respondents according to Years of Service and Grouping
Table 8.1: Effects of Surveillance Camera on Respondents Interpretation of Likert Scale
Used
Table 9.1: Effects of CCTV in relation to Age
Table 9.2: Effects of CCTV in relation to Sex
Table 9.3: Effects of CCTV in relation to the Type of Community
Table 9.4: Effects of CCTV in relation to Educational Attainment
Table 9.5: Effects of CCTV in relation to Years of Service
Table 10: Effects of Surveillance on Respondents
Table 10.1: The Interpretation of Items A3 and A4
Table 10.2: The Weighted Mean of Items A3 and A4 of the Three Groups
Table 10.3: The Weighted Mean of the Three Groups

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1: The Paradigm of the Study

Figure 2: The Map of the Locale of the Study
Figure 3: Picture of CCTV Installed in the Regional Agencies

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THESIS ABSTRACT

Title:

THE SURVEILLANCE SYSTEM AS A CONTEMPORARY

MANIFESTATION
OF
ORWELLIAN
DYSTOPIAN
SOCIETY: REGIONAL CENTER NO. O2.

Researchers:

EDGAR O. BERMUDEZ
ROWENA B. BALBUENA
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LOVERLY A. BARQUEZ
Degree:

BACHELOR OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE

Adviser:

DR. ARCHIMEDES ARTICULO

The impetus of this study is the novel of George Orwell entitled Nineteen-Eighty
Four (1984). The novel illustrates a society where there is an extreme surveillance
focused to the people which elucidates fear and chilling effects to the people therefore
forcing them to conform with the ideology enforced by their government. With the advent
of highly sophisticated surveillance and the proliferation thereof in the 21st century alarms
the researchers that this era maybe leading to the nightmarish society Orwell had
pictured.
This study mainly wanted to see if the very installation of surveillance cameras in
the regional center in Tuguegarao is an expression of Orwellian dystopian society by
surveying the effects thereof to the employees and clients of these agencies. The study
specifically answered if the profile of the respondents affects their perception toward
CCTV and how do they assess the effects of this CCTV in terms of their behavior and
efficiency. Furthermore, this study sought the difference of the perception of the 3 groups
of respondents.
The respondents were group into 3 who were picked out through incidental
sampling. The data gathered through questionnaires were treated by frequency counts,
percentage, mean and analysis of variance.
This study revealed that those employees working under CCTV are not affected
by its presence. However, those employees working under none believes that there are
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effects of these CCTV in terms of their behavior and efficiency in the workplace. This
was further backed up by the response of the clients of the employees working under
CCTV when they said that there are effects in the behavior and efficiency of those
employees catering services to them. Furthermore, it is noteworthy that the employees
working under CCTV revealed that they feel safe and secure in their workplace. It
therefore contradicted the original thinking of the researchers that these surveillance
cameras create a dystopic environment in their workplace.
It is therefore recommended that since the employees welcomely accepted the
installation of these surveillance technologies, there should be stated in the agreement
between the administrator and the employees the limitation and the scope of these
technology.
The topic on dystopian society is interesting most specially in our ever evolving
technologies. Hence further study that will look deeper into the effects of these
technologies maybe conducted in the future.

What you do when no one is watching you shows the real you.
-Anonymous

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