Simple Present Tense (Terjadi sekarang)

Subject
I / you / we /
they
he / she / it
Subject
I / you /
we / they
he / she /
it
Do/Does
Do
Does

Verb
speak / learn

The Rest of the

sentence
English at home

speaks / learns

English at home

don't/does
n't
don't

Verb*

A novel is being written (by him) at

the moment.
The Present Perfect Tense
Active: S + Has/Have + V3ed + O
Passive: S + has/have + been +PP + by
+O
EX: He has just finished a novel.
A novel has just been finished (by
him).

OR

have / buy
eat / like etc.

doesn't
Subject
I / you / we /
they
he / she / it

(?)
Did + S + V1 + ?
2. Did You go to market yesterday ?
Future Tense (Masa Depan)
( + ) Subject + will/shall + V1
1. I will visit my aunt next week
( - ) Subject + will/shall + not + V1
1. I wont visit my aunt next week
( ? ) Will/shall + S + V1 + ?
1. Will you visit your aunt next week ?

Verb*
have / need
want etc.

1. For verbs that end in -O, -CH, -SH, -SS, -X, or -Z

we add -ES in the third person.
Contoh : she watches tv
She doesnt watch tv
Does she watch tv ?
2. For verbs that end in a consonant + Y, we remove
the Y and add -IES.
Contoh : you studies at university
You dont study at university
Do you study at university ?
3.For verbs that end in a vowel + Y, we just add -S.
Contoh : you plays a game
you dont play a game
do you play a game ?
Simple Past Tense (Yang Telah Lalu)
( + ) Subject + V2
1. I met my friend two days a go
( - ) Subject + did + not + V1
1. She didnt call her mother

( + ) Subject + to be (am/is/are) going to

+ V1
1. She is going to study english this
evening
( - ) S + to be (am/is/are) + not + going
to + V1
1. She is not going to study english
this evening
(?)
to be (am/is/are) going to + S + V1
+?
1. Is she going to study english this
evening ?
Passive Voice
Active:
S+V+O
Passive: S + Be + PP(V3ed) + by + O
(tense)
EX: My father planted this tree last year.
This tree was planted by my father
last year.
The Simple Present Tense
Active: S + V(s/es) + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + PP + by + O
EX: He reads books every day.
Books are read (by him) every day.
The Present Continuous Tense
Active: S + am/is/are + V-ing + O
Passive: S + am/is/are + being +PP +
by + O
EX: He is writing a novel at the moment.

The Simple Past Tense

Active: S + V2ed + O
Passive: S + was/were + PP + by + O
EX: He gave Tom a book.
A book was given to Tom (by him).
Tom was given a book (by him).
The Simple Future Tense
Active: S + will/shall + V + O
Passive: S + will/shall + be + PP + by
+O
EX: He will finish the homework.
The homework will be finished.
Adjective Clause

Subjec
t
Object

People
(Orang)

Thing
(Benda
Mati)

Who/That

Which/th
at
Which/Th
at

Whom/Tha
t

R
Pronoun
(Kepunya
an)
Whose
Whose

EX :

Ms. Bandrowski showed us a power

point
She made power point last night
Adj clause : Ms Bandrowski showed us
a power point that she made last night
The girl is a bright student
I gave a girl a special reward

Adj clause : The girl whom I gave a

special reward is a bright student
Pablo picasso was the artist
He pointed a girl with a ponytail
Adj clause : Pablo picasso who pointed
a girl with a ponytail was the artist
The boy is a student
His radio was stolen
Adj clause : The boy whose radio was
stolen is a student

Noun Clause
1. That
EX : The king ordered (bahwa
musuhnya harus mati)
The king ordered that her enemy
must dead
2. Question
5W+1H :
What do you see
Noun clause : What you see
Where do you live ?

Noun clause : Where you live ?

Geround and Infinitive
Geround : V1 + Ing
Ex : Swimming is good exercise
Infinitive : kata kerja bentuk pertama
Ex : I Enjoy to read

Present tense
Time changed
Direct speech
This

Tomorrow
Last week

Next month

Direct Indirect Speech

Pronoun change
Tense Change
Direct
Present tense
Present future
Present continous
Past tense

here
Now
today
yesterday

Indirect
Past tense
Past future
Past continous
Past perfect
continous tense
Past perfect tense
Indirect speech
that

There
then
That day
The day before/the
previous day
The next day
The week
before/the
previous week
The following
month
before

Ago
EX :
D.S : My friend said whom I was calling
I.S : My friend said whom she had
calling
D.S : John asked her, Are you
coming ?
I.s : John asked if/whether she was
coming ?
D.S : John asked where is mary ?
I.S : John asked where masry was ?