Specific design requirements of

fruit, vegetable and nursery

storage

Building construction

Building construction

Deposits

Deposits-Structural memebers

Deposits-Inside View

Deposits-Joints details

Deposits-Joints details

Montage phases

Deposits-Longitudinal facade

Deposits-Transverse facade

DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
The design of long-term storage for fruits and vegetables involves several factors.
FUNCTIONAL DESIGN. For convenient handling and management of the stored
produce, you must consider:
the size and number of individual bins (trad.hambar, siloz) required
varieties or types of produce to be stored
storage layout for convenient handling
receiving and rough grading at harvest
future expansion or modification
utilities and services required
possible washing, grading or packaging facilities
STRUCTURAL DESIGN. Climatic loads (wind and snow) and product loads (the bin
wall pressure and related forces caused by piled produce) must all be allowed for.
Adequate insulation, vapor barrier, structural connections, foundations and
reinforcement are also needed.
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTROL. Here, temperature, humidity, refrigeration,
ventilation air, condensation and related control equipment are concerns. For the
special case of fruit kept in a controlled atmosphere (CA), the oxygen and carbon
dioxide content of the storage must be closely regulated. This requires highly
specialized modern technology.

STORAGE TYPES:

Two general types of storages are bulk

storage and palletized storage.

BULK STORAGE.
The produce is piled in room-sized bins, which
exerts forces that must be resisted by the building's
walls.
These forces are large and should not be
underestimated in the building design. Ventilation is
accomplished by circulating conditioned air through
the produce from a duct system placed under the
pile.
Bulk storage is generally less costly. It is most
commonly used for crops that can be handled in
bulk and piled deep, such as turnips, potatoes and
onions. Other crops such as beets, carrots and
parsnips can also be kept in shallow piles, though
for reasons of handling and management these are
more often stored and transported in pallet bins.

PALLET BIN STORAGE.

The crop (trad. recolta) is placed in boxes or pallet
bins which in turn are stacked in storage rooms. The
crop does not exert pressure on the walls, and the
building need only be designed for climatic loads.

Pallets permit storage of different varieties or types

of crops, and crops from several growers in the
same room.

STRUCTURAL DESIGN
Pallet storages need only be designed for wind and snow loads;
however, consider whether there is a possibility of changing to bulk
storage in the future. Highest floor loads are caused by fork-lift
wheels.
Bulk storages, in addition to climatic loads, must also withstand the
pressure of piled vegetables against walls. Pay particular attention to
wall stud strength, top and bottom wall connections, foundation side
forces, and forces on the roof system caused by wall pressure.
Good design information is available on potato bin pressure, but not
for most other crops. It is recommended that bulk vegetable storage
walls be designed for potatoes; though other crops exert less
pressure, the storage may some day be used for potatoes.

In engineering terms, potato storage wall systems can be designed

on the basis of a granular product with "equivalent fluid density" of
2.1 kN/m.

Whatever the construction type, you should:

insulate

the foundation, preferably on the exterior!!!

pay particular attention to thermal bridges (cold
spots) in otherwise good wall or roof systems that
cause serious condensation problems (solid studs,
steel purlins and beams, and discontinuous insulation
at foundations or plates are the most common
problem areas);
ensure
use

durability and ease of sanitizing;

CCA-treated wood, because of high humidity, for

all sills and any wood to be covered in polyurethane
insulation. Extending CCA-treatment to all the
covered wall framing adds a measure of insurance
that will greatly increase the expected life of the
building at moderate extra cost.

Fruits and vegetables storage

structure
2

2
3

3
2

5
1.Sort hall (hal sortare); 2. frigorific cell {cell height=7.80-8.4 meters} (celule
frigorifice); 3. alley (alee de circulaie); 4. Line of auto parking (linie garaj);
5. administrativ group (grup administrativ***centrala termica, grupa sanitar, laborator
analize, centrala frig***)

Grain Storage

TWO BIN BULK POTATO STORAGE

Single floor storages with timber

roof structures

Cereal crop storage

Grain storage with

timber roof structures

Steel structure storage

Precast reinforced concrete

storage

Open agric. buildings

Open buildings

Open agriculture buildings

Open agriculture buildings

Open agriculture buildings

Open agriculture buildings

Open agriculture buildings

Enclosed agriculture buildings

Actions in case of enclosed

agriculture buildings

Free body diagrams in case of

partially open composter

SILOS

The

silos

are constructions
organised into cells. They are
agricultural buildings for to storage
cereal crop for a long time. In the
silos, the space is well organised,
and, also they have charging and
discharging units in the centre
part. Old silos are presented in
following figure

Types of silos:

There are basically three types

of silos:
a.horizontal;
b. conventional open top tower;

c. oxygen limiting

SILO REQUIREMENTS
The following characteristics are essential
for all silos, regardless of type:
sufficient wall strength to resist the lateral
pressure of the silage;
non-absorbent walls that completely
exclude air from the silage;
a wall material that resists the effects of
the acids in the silage;
a means of sealing the exposed surface of
the silage.

The structure should be so designed

and located that it provides labour
saving storage that fits into a totally
efficient handling system.

Silozuri interioare fr acoperi

cu sau fr plnii de evacuare

Silozuri exterioare cu sau fr

plnii de evacuare

Instalaii de silozuri de mare

capacitate cu echipare
profesional

Storage Structures made of steel Examples

Storage Structures made of steel Examples

Storage Structures made of steel Examples

Storage Structures made of steel Examples

Storage Structures made of steel Examples

Storage Structures made of steel Examples

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