The Differences of Minangnese Natives who do not get Formal School with People who get

Formal School when Speaking Indonesian Language

Zakri Azis
Faculty of Language and Arts
Padang State University
Abstract
This paper discusses the phenomenon which has happened in Minang environment nowadays.
Minangnese natives who are generally people in West Sumatra are the one of province in Indonesia. Hence,
as Indonesian citizen, every citizen should use Indonesian Language as united to another part of Indonesia
itself. Minangnese natives who are using Indonesian Language tend to make their own dialect which are
their mother language, Minang Language. However, there is an arbitrary when using Indonesian Language
with Minang dialect. This is the phenomenon was gotten and found by the author to discuss in this paper.
Key words: Minang environment, Minangnese natives, Minang dialect of Indonesian Language

1. Introduction

as the part of a country, Indonesia, which has

Indonesia has many cultures that have

a language, Bahasa Indonesia, people in

artifacts. One of artifact of the cultures is

every part of Indonesia has second language

language. Minang is the one of cultures in

as a united language of Indonesia. By using

Indonesia that has language used by people in

the Indonesian language as the second

Minang region. In history, Minangs region is

language, there are two languages now that a

from north, Pasaman, south until the north

person in many parts of Indonesia that are

part of Bengkulu and Jambi, on the west, until

spoken in daily activities.

the coast of West Sumatera, and on the East

By the phenomenon, there will be a language

until the west part of Riau. Nowadays,

interference as (Lado, 1957) said that it had

Minangs speakers still live in the Minangs

been presumed that the only major source of

region with many variations which in

syntactic errors in adult second language

linguistic study called dialect, in this case,

performance was

Minangs dialect. Minang language become

language. First language as it is known as

the first language or mother language that had

mother tongue language, is always interfere

have by people who live in Minang region

the second language. It is because the

especially Minang natives. However, Minang

frequent and the habitual of using mother

the

performer's

first

tongue in daily activity and place of living by

Symptoms of interference from one language

the person themselves.

to another language are difficult to avoid. The

Meanwhile, Alwasilah (1985:131) explores

occurrence of the mistake is also not free

the notion of interference by Hartman and

from the interference behavior of speakers of

Stonk formula that interference is a mistake

the recipient.

caused

Then there are some questions that should be

by

the

tendency

familiarize

pronunciations (utterances) of a language to

answer in this paper, they are:

another

What are the words that been through

language

pronunciation,

sound

grammar

unit

includes

language,

and

language interference from Minang language

vocabulary. So that, it is clear that

to Indonesian language?

interference comes from a mistake by

What are the differences between those two

utterances, schematically of the sentence and

Minang natives?

vocabulary of the first language, mother

Do the phenomenon

tongue language, to the second language.

lingustic case that are needed to be

Another opinion about language interference

studied?

is about how the phonemes in the first

have another

2. Review in Related Literature

language influence the second language.

Interference

Based on Jendra (1995:187) Interference

Interference that occur when the speaker's

comes from implementing bilingual unit

identifying the phoneme system from the

system sounds (phonemes) first language into

first language (source language) and then

second language sound system, which causes

use theme system of second language

disturbance or deviations in the phonemic

(target

system of the recipient language.

interference includes intonation, rhythm

Interference is a mistake of the biggest

and

changes, the most important and dominant in

preliminary research, Minang people

language development. In the language

have unique intonation and rhythm when

generally, many vocabularies such as English

speaking Indonesian language. However,

and Arabic in its development cannot be

the unique phenomenon are not easier to

separated from interference, particularly with

be heard when we are in downtown of

respect to the vocabulary of cultural and

Minang region. The phenomenon occurs

natural

in the suburb area of the cities in Minang

environments

donor

language.

in

Phonetic

language).

articulation.

Study,

Phonological

Based

on

the

region. Another preliminary finding is

expanded use of the word's first language,

Minang speakers has a phoneme by

which expands the meaning of words that

omitting /r/sound in prefix, ter-, in

already exist so that the base is getting a

tertabrak, terpukul, terjungkal which he

new word or even a combination of the

words are pronounced /r/ clearly in

two possibilities above.

Indonesia language used and the clear /e/

Interference occurs when the base word

sound in Indonesia become // in

such as an Indonesian speaker also speak

/ttabrak, tpukul, tdukal/.

English very well, so the conversation is

Interference in Morphology viewed by

often tucked away in the words of

linguists

English,

as

the

most

happened.

so

Interference occurs in the formation of

interference.

words with the affix absorb another

For example:

often

caught

Planningku

words in Indonesia such as kepukul,

adalah melanjutkan sekolah ke luar

ketabrak,

negeri.

kekecilan,

lulus

the

language. For example, if we heard some

kebesaran,

setelah

in

kuliah

kemahalan, sungguhan, bubaran, duaan.

Mereka akan married bulan depan..

Those example we calls as Interference

In Semantic Study Interference within the

because the forms are in fact no true form,

meaning of governance can be divided

it should be terpukul, tertabrak, terlalu

into three parts.

besar, terlalu kecil, terlalu mahal,

Expansive interference, the absorption

kesungguhan, berpisah (bubar), dan

event vocabulary elements into other

berdua. Based on the data above that the

languages. For example, the concept

process of constructing the words is

Distanz word that comes from Distance

called interference morphology has the

into the English vocabulary of German

basic shape of the Indonesian word

vocabulary. Or words to Democration,

vocabulary with the affix of regional

Demokration and demokrasi.

language or foreign language.

Additive interference, the addition of new

Interference in Syntax Study occurs

vocabulary with a rather special meaning

because

first

even if the old vocabulary is still used and

morpheme or word into a second

still have a complete meaning. For

language usage usually also occurs

example, Father said in English or in

the

removal

of

the

German Vater into Vati. On 'smooth'

Ten Minang native speakers which prove

meaning interference also occurs. For

by asking which part of Minang region

example: refining the word Gelandangan

that the natives lives includes hometown

became Tunawisma.

of

Replacement

interference

the

the

natives

unconsciously.

Five

were
of

recorded
the

native

interference that occurs due to the

speakers are from the Pedagogical

replacement of the vocabulary that

environment,

caused a change in meaning as the word

University environment. Another five of

that comes from Melayu.

native speakers are from suburb area of

At least there are three important

Padang, because some people who live in

elements that take part in the process of

suburb area do not get formal education

interference. They are source language

and

(L1), target language, and importations.

Environment.

Source Language or commonly known as

The ten selected speakers were recorded

the First Language (L1). Language is the

to recording tool which in the recording

language of the dominant donor in a

fills the conversation with the author

community language so that language

using

elements often borrowed for the purpose

conversation, recorded unconsciously, in

of communication between members of

order to make the language the natives

the community.

stay nature as usual. The duration of

The target language or the language of the

conversation took at least one minute

absorber

conversation.

(recipient).

Absorbing

the

do

not

which

live

Indonesian

was

in

taken

Pedagogical

language

The

in

schema

in

of

language is a language that receive

conversation was start from small talk

foreign elements, and then align the rules

with natives from suburb and greeting

of pronunciation and writing it into the

then small talk with natives from

recipient language support.

pedagogical environment.

Importations referred to here is the shift

4. Findings and Discussion

of the elements of a foreign language is

This

the language of the recipient.

methodology. By the finding of this

3. Methodology

research

method

is

descriptive

phenomenon, there are some limitations of

linguistic studies that can emphasize which

linguistic phenomenon that occurs within

usually used by the suburb natives when

Minangnese

speaking Indonesian while in Minangnese

natives

when

speaking

Indonesian Language.

selah

In Phonetic study, some phenomenon occur

by these natives do is omitting /r/ sound in
voiced bilabial and voiced velar consonants.

/selah/.

Another

examples

are,

kesinilah, kesitulah, pergilah, kemanalah.

Hence, it can be concluded that the suffix
lah unchanged at all and are brought in

Indonesian words terbakar, terpukul, and

Indonesian language. Also, this case can be

terganggu have prefix ter- which is /r/

studied as Indonesian language dialect.

sound in the prefix will be omitted in spoken

by Minangnese native. Assuming of this case

However, relating to the objects, this

phenomenon occurred in both natives.

is because some of the natives try to talk fast

Here they are some words that has proceeded

as they usually speaking Minang language.

in language interference from Minang

In

another

natives

in

pedagogical

environment, the correspondents do not have

any problem when speaking Indonesian
language. However, they tend to speak
slowly. There are two indicators that was
assumed, first the natives of pedagogical
environment want their words of Indonesian
language easy to understand by the receiver
or hearer and second while the natives were
speaking they also choose the appropriate
word in Indonesian when speaking to
someone else. So it may conclude that the
lexical case was occurred there.

language to Indonesian language. These

words are provided because these are the
unique ones during the findings was done.
These words occurred rarely comparing the
ten speakers are being the object of this
research.
Sesak pula angap nya
The italicized word is where the language
interference happened. The word angap is
borrowing word from Minang language
angok then in unconsciously spoken
angap. The author found that the change
from angok to angap is because the native
noticed that there is not ok ending part of the

Lexical case usually occurs when speaking

word in Indonesian language. That is why

Indonesian. By the findings, there are some

this work has been interference. The right

words that come from Minangnese are

word for angok is Indonesian is nafas in

changed to nearly Indonesian. For example,

English is breath.

the word of Indonesian sajalah /sadalah/ is

Diapakannya dia tadi?

The

italicized

word

diapakannya

is

example,

Bagaimana

kamu

akan

borrowing word which also has been through

menjelaskan berita tersebut? This sentence

from interference diapoannyo in Minang

does not have any mistake and also the

language.

interference almost does not occur in

The word

diapakannya

can

separated as di-apakan-nya. In Morphology

Pedagogical environtment.

study, the main word or stem is apakan and

Another finding is some of correspondent in

the root is apa. Both of these words have

natives who live pedagogical environment

different meaning. Apakan has meaning how

talking slowly as usual they are when

another person treat someone while apa has

speaking Indonesian language. It is also

meaning for question such as apa yang kamu

occur in people live in suburb area.

lakukan? In English, what are you doing?

5. Conclusion

The word apakan is the result of Interference

By

from

Interference, the suburb Minangnese natives

Minang

language

to

Indonesian

language.
Apa tu? / Siapa tu?

the

phenomenon

about

language

are speaking Indonesian language as usual

they are speaking in Minang Language.

The word tu has meaning in Minang language

However, the pedagogical environment

to point or demonstrate things and someone

Minangnese natives tend to speak slowly and

depends what word before. The word apa and

it can be assumed that they want every words

siapa are from Indonesian language. In

of their sentence are easier to understand and

Minang language, apa become a for example

they are choosing the words while they are

a tu? And siapa become sia such as sia tu?

speaking Indonesian language.

The word a and sia are completely change

into Indonesian language and the meaning
are also same. However, the interference has
occurred for the word tu which is in Indonesia
is itu? Both of these word has same meaning.

Another case, lexical case occurs between

these two natives. The temporary assuming,
it is because the influenced of the IndonesianMelayu Language, and Melayu Language
itself. It may be considered that Minang
Language has some influence each other with

The natives who live in Pedagogical

environtment is different with others in
suburb area. Also, choosing word of spoken
Indonesian occurred in these natives. For

Melayu Language. Some words of Minang

Language

are

the

sam

with

Melayu

Language. Another authors knowledge,

Melayu Language is a one of branch that was

always considered when forming Indonesian

Language by Indonesian Linguists.
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Analisis

Kesalahan

Berbahasa Indonesia. Surakarta: Yuma

Pustaka.