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Solar cell
Lenz's Law
Faraday's Law
Kirchoff's Law
0.03 H
0.015 H
0.06 H
28 volts
26 volts
24 volts
be fully charged
be fully discharged
equal to the
capacitance of the
highest capacitor
components will
operate normally
c
b
b
c
a
retain a specified
residual charge
equal to the inductance
of the highest rated
inductor
b
b
a current
an ion
a molecule
short circuited
have a resistor
connected across the
terminals
an electromotive force
(EMF) is induced in the
conductor
logarithmic
exponential
linear
zero voltage
phase voltage
average
peak
Coulombs
Amps
Volts
cathode
anode
put a 1 F capacitor in
series
primary will have three
times as many turns as
its secondary
put a 2 F capacitor in
parallel
primary will have twice
as many turns as its
secondary
a compound wound
motor
both the anode and the
cathode
put a 6 F capacitor in
series
primary will have onethird as many turns as
its secondary
6.37V
14.14V
20V
200 Hz
20 kHz
2 kHz
b
b
a
b
b
a
c
a
b
c
c
b
c
24 ohm
2.4 ohm
0.24 ohm
joules x seconds
Volts are
units of electrical
pressure
RMS values
quantity of electrical
energy
peak-to-peak values
control of the
generators rotational
speed
frequency control
inductors
capacitors
resistors
tension, C/J
emf, J/C
volts, J/C
electrical charge
passing a point in a
circuit
power applied to an
electrical circuit
potential difference
between two or more
points in a circuit
Voltage is a measure of
Valence electrons are
potential differential
positively charged
V = V1 + V2
resistance to current
in the outer shell of an
atom
V1 = V2 + V
amplitudes
a
a
c
a
c
c
a
c
a
be linked by a
magnetic field
470 microfarads
12V, 80 ah
24V, 40 ah
940 microfarads
a
a
b
10.01001 mF
111 mF
1.001001 mF
12 F
4 F
36 F
on separate formers
connected
wired in parallel
120 apart
90 apart
180apart
ensures a reverse
current flow when the
electrical circuit is
broken
maintains a constant
voltage
a
c
b
b
a
b
b
a
number of plates
a rotating magnetic
field
proportional to the
speed of movement
greater and the
amperage greater than
in the primary coil
an alternating field
value of capacitance
average value
rate of change of
current
RMS value
instantaneous current
Ohm
Henry
Reactance
series wound
shunt wound
voltmeter reading x PF
volts x amps
volts x amps x PF
50 amps
25 amps
40 amps
3rd band
4th band
5th band
LR
LR
LR
peak value
a
b
a
c
b
b
b
a
c
a
a
b
b
400ns
10seconds
40ms
63.2% of maximum
value
impedance
36.8% of maximum
value
resistance
70.7% of maximum
value
total resistance
drops immediately to
zero
starts to fall
exponentially to zero
zero
Weber
Henry
Tesla
141 V
141.4 volts
70.7 volts
127.4 volts
diameter, length,
material and
temperature
the permittivity of
dielectric in relation to
dry air
DC to AC
AC to DC
permeability
reluctance
retentivity
a
a
a
c
a
mutual induction
is delta wound
is star wound
less
same
voltage applied to it
90 degrees
180 degrees
120 degrees
AC in the excitor
generator
the number of cycles
per second
more than the EMF
DC in the excitor
generator
equal to the frequency
less than the EMF
AC in the main
generator
the time required to
complete one cycle
the same as the EMF
sine wave
cosine wave
frequency wave
stator
rotor, by a commutator
self induction
a
magnetizing force
reaches a peak positive
or negative value
c
c
a
b
b
c
b
a
a
c
c
the rotor
the stator
strength of the
magnetic field
number of conductors
in the armature
2,500 Watts
25,000 Watts
250 Watts
the coefficient of
coupling between the
primary and secondary
windings
farads
microfarads
picofarads
the stator
the rotor
metalised film
mica dielectric
ceramic
shaded poles
interpoles
drum-wound armatures
in combination with a
negatively connected
series field
hysteresis
saturation
coercivity
a
a
a
electrostatic force
potential difference
power
cadmium hydroxide
nickel hydroxide
potassium hydroxide
magnetic poles
geographic poles
magnetic equator
linear
logarithmic
exponential
supply current
zero
maximum
remain relatively
constant over the
starting speed range
electrical resistance
minimum
b
b
b
a
a
a
it demagnetizes easily
5 watts
12.5 watts
6.25 watts
inversely proportional
to the current flowing
through it
proportional to the
applied voltage
inversely proportional to
its resistance
AC to DC
V and it is measured in
volts
less than the smallest
resistor
yellow, violet, orange
AC to AC at a different
voltage
R and it measured in
ohms
greater than the
largest resistor
orange, blue, red
DC to AC at a different
voltage
P and it is measured in
watts
equal to the average of
the resistors
yellow, blue, orange
positive
negative
neutral
neutral
positive
negative
the product Q x V
the product C x V
proportional to the
current flowing through
it
proportional to the
voltage applied
inversely proportional to
the voltage applied
watts
volts
ampere-hours
the charge on it
capacitance
a
c
c
a
b
a
a
a
b
b
b
70.7 volts
141.4 volts
63.7 volts
volt
coulomb
joule
temperature rating
material and
construction
mutual inductance
series wound
compound wound
shunt wound
torque
direction of rotation
speed
the motor to be
operated in either
direction
sunlight
chemical action
36 ohm in parallel
1 ohm in series
1 ohm in parallel
multiplied by 2
different
50V
20V
interpoles
Power is measured in
joules/second
self inductance
b
b
auto inductance
b
b
c
b
a
c
compensating
windings
watts/second
auxiliary windings
joules x seconds
a
a
multiplying current by
resistance
multiplying the
resistance by the current
squared
kVA / kW
kVAR / kVA
kW / kVA
provide variable
voltages in a circuit
3 terminals
preset values
wire wound
Phase angle is
the difference in
degrees of rotation
between 2 alternating
voltages or currents or
a voltage and a current
the difference in
degrees between the
positive and negative
parts of an AC sine
wave
in a non-magnetic pox
1,000 Ohms
10,000 Ohms
1,000,000 Ohms
AC electrical motors
can be reversed while
dc motors cannot
brushes
stator
rotor
high retentivity
a
c
c
c
c
b
b
a large number of
positive ions
Blv
N to S
E to W
S to N
an increase in
resistance and a
decrease in current
a decrease in
resistance and an
increase in current
no effect on the
resistance and current
enables it to carry
more current
current overcoming
coil resistance
enables it to carry
more voltage
induced current in the
iron core
insulators
conductors
semi-conductors
b
a
energy wasted in
reversing core
magnetization
12
generators
motors
batteries
efficiency factor
efficiency rating
power factor
stator
rotor
field electromagnet
c
a
a
c
a
a
b
c
a
RMS
average value
star only
delta only
transfer of material
between the anode
and the cathode
build up of hydrogen
on the anode
build up of hydrogen on
the cathode
parallel
differential compound
series
stop
change direction
b
b
c
a
c
a
b
c
b
a
c
a
c
increases by 4 times
decreases by 75%
increases
decreases
speed increases
speed falls
load rises
2 Ohm
25 Ohm
50 Ohm
resistance is determined
by value of current flow
zero
maximum positive
maximum negative
resistance and
reactance
resistance and
conductivity
120
b
a
c
a
b
b
a
b
a
a
a
b
c
a
a
halved
inverted
doubled
infinity
the resistance is
halved
practically zero
halved
doubled
unchanged
double
halve
115 V
200 V
346 V
delta connected
star connected
unbalanced
12,000 RPM
6,000 RPM
3,000 RPM
attraction between
them will be increased
quadruple
repulsion between
them will be increased
double
reduce
increase
not change
half
double
multiply by 12.6
1.26 A
0.63 A
1A
decrease
increase
half
double
unaffected
c
a
b
c
b
b
a
a
b
a
b
c
a
b
c
fail to run
run normally
double
a positive ion
a negative ion
a neutral ion
negatively charged
positively charged
c
c
b
b
14.14 V
6.37 V
7.07 V
25 amps
4 milliamps
40 milliamps
24 A
0.167 A
6A
200 milliseconds
200 seconds
150 seconds
c
c
c
b
a
lower than its on-load
voltage
the magnet is
destroyed
2 volts
2 amps
1 amp
b
c
1.5 kW
4.5 kW
15 W
0.725
7,250
725,000
10 A
0.01 A
0.1 A
c
c
b
b
b
amperes at rated
voltage
externally excited
impedance at rated
voltage
excited by a
permanent magnet
carbon
brass
steel
revolution
minute
second
ohms
small physical size for
a large capacity
polarised inputs
volts
small physical size for
low leakage current
high frequency AC
solids only
vacuum
Watts
Coulombs
Volts
self excited
c
c
c
c
b
b
b
a
friction
compound
shunt
series
special non-metallic
material
joules used
laminated formers
photo-voltaic cells
voltaic cells
thermo-electric cells
circulating currents
through the
transformer
anode to cathode
cathode to anode
current used
c
c
a
b
b
c
connecting a resistor in
series with the armature
decreases
increases
remains constant
Armature reaction is
reactive sparking
VxI
V x I x cos
V x I x sin
electrons
neutrons
protons
180
90
c
a
b
a
a
c
a
c
a
b
electrons from a
positively charged area
to a negatively
charged area
protons from a
positively charged
area to a negatively
charged area
electrons from a
negatively charged area
to a positively charged
area
an excess of free
electrons
the smallest part of an
element that retains its
characteristics
an excitement of
electrons in a metal
the smallest part of a
compound that can
exist independently
an ordered flow of
electrons
the smallest particle of
matter
100 VA
400 W
500 W
a balanced load is
guaranteed
hydration
1.43
0.3
0.7
1250 watts
1000 watts
800 watts
inversely proportional
to the resistance and
proportional to the
voltage
inversely proportional to
the voltage regardless of
the resistance
has a magnitude
proportional to the rate
of change of flux
rms value
average value
peak value
degrees/second
Hertz
An electric current is
An atom is
c
a
b
b
b
c
c
a
c
a commutator
slip rings
a rectifier
2 poles
3 poles
4 poles
inductive
resistive
capacitive
120 VDC
4.8 VAC
120 VAC
205 amps
9 amps
4.5 amps
a
c
b
c
b
115 V
500 V
1 kohm
200 V
346 V
c
20 V
25 V
b
4 kohm
16 kohm
c
one winding
two windings
three windings
1000 W
10 volts
0.707 volts
20 volts
0.05 seconds
5 milliseconds
A shunt motor
rotates at constant
speed
30 VA
50 W
500 W
c
c
30 W
10 W
c
pressure
friction
light
light
heat
pressure
the resistance is
dependent on current
A non-magnetic metal
has no permeability
is a poor conductor
a compound
an electron
an atom
resistance
reluctance
conductance
cannot be magnetised
high impedance to
high frequency, low
impedance to low
frequency
a large number of
electrons
a large number of
electrons in its outer
orbit
a small number of
electrons in its outer
orbit
100 VA and 2
30 kW
24 kW
37.5 kW
30 hrs
a high value of Q
a low value of Q
a Q of zero
a
b
b
c
c
b
b
2.5 hrs
a
a
b
30 V
delta wound
star wound
10 Volts
100 Volts
5 Volts
2 amps
It cannot be found
without knowing the
applied voltage.
1 amp
a surplus of protons
a lack of neutrons
a surplus or lack of
electrons
prevent spikes
block DC
A capacitor is a barrier to
both AC and DC
AC
DC
12.64 V
7.36 V
1V
3 amps
200 hours
27 V
26 V
c
b
c
a
a
c
c
b
4 amps
6 amps
c
5 hours
20 hours
attenuates frequencies
either side of a narrow
range
passes frequencies
either side of a narrow
range
4.5 kW
500 W
12,000 rpm
6,000 rpm
8,000 rpm
90 phase shift
no phase shift
30 phase shift
90
30 KW
24 KW
375 KW
20 milli seconds
0.1 millisecond
10 seconds
18 watts
6 watts
0.67 volts
1.5 volts
6 volts
0.000,001 Farads
1,000,000 Farads
0.001 Farads
1 ampere equals
1,000,000 milliamps
100 milliamps
1,000 milliamps
a
c
c
c
b
b
b
c
a
c
increases by 4 times
decreases by 75%
a delta connection
a
a
b
a
c
a
increases
decreases
speed increases
speed falls
load rises
2 Ohm
25 Ohm
50 Ohm
resistance is determined
by value of current flow
zero
b
a
b
maximum negative
resistance and
reactance
halved
resistance and
conductivity
doubled
infinity
the resistance is
halved
practically zero
halved
doubled
unchanged
double
halve
120
90
unaffected
a
a
a
b
c
a
a
c
a
b
c
b
115 V
200 V
346 V
delta connected
star connected
unbalanced
12,000 RPM
6,000 RPM
3,000 RPM
attraction between
them will be increased
quadruple
repulsion between
them will be increased
double
reduce
increase
not change
b
a
a
b
a
b
half
double
multiply by 12.6
1.26 A
0.63 A
1A
decrease
increase
half
double
Mica dielectric
Electrolytic
Ceramic dielectric
soft iron
cast iron
primary turns
secondary turns
primary turns/
secondary turns
secondary turns/
primary turns
c
a
b
c
a
b
c
a
a
b
silicon
gold
ceramic
overcome armature
reaction
1000 A
R = R1 + R2
kilovolt-amperes
maximum
minimum
zero
c
a
a
c
c
c
b
a
b
c
a
c
a