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Social
science theories guide research and policy formulation while providing logical explanations
for why things happen the way they do.
2. Consensus a general or widespread agreement among all members of a particular
society
3. Conflict a clash between ideas, principles and people
4. Consensus Theories Conflict theories See shared norms and values as fundamental to
society Emphasize the dominance of some social groups by others Focus on social order
based on tacit agreements See social order as based on manipulation and control by
dominant groups View social change as occurring in a slow and orderly fashion View social
change as occurring rapidly in a disorderly fashion as subordinate groups overthrow
dominant groups
5. Consensus theorists Examine value integration in society
6. Conflict theorists Examine conflicts of interest and the coercion that holds society
together in the face of these stresses.
7. Society cannot exist without both conflict and consensus, which are prerequisites of each
other (Dahrendorf). Thus, we cannot have conflict unless there is some prior consensus.
8. Consensus is a concept of society in which the absence of conflict is seen as the
equilibrium state of society based on a widespread agreement among all the members of a
particular society. Conflict is a disagreement or clash between opposing ideas, principles or
people this can be a covert or overt conflict.
9. The Conflict Theory According to Horton and Hunt (1984), focuses on the heterogeneous
nature of society and the differential distribution of political and social power sees society as
a dynamic entity constantly undergoing change as a result of competition over scarce
resources
10. The Conflict Theory A struggle between social classes and class conflicts between the
powerful and less powerful groups occur
11. The Conflict Theory Groups which have vested interests and power work for rules and
laws, particularly those that serve their own interests, to be passed to the exclusion of others.
12. Conflict theorists ask how schools contribute to the unequal distribution of people into
jobs in society so that more powerful members of society maintain the best positions and the
less powerful groups (often women, racial and ethnic groups) often minority groups, are
allocated to lower ranks in society
13. The Conflict Perspective assumes that social behavior is best understood in terms of
conflict or tensions between competing groups. Such conflict need not to be violent; it can
take the form of
14. Conflict theory grew out of the work of Karl Marx and focuses on the struggle of social
classes to maintain dominance and power in social systems.
15. The conflict model is concerned with the stresses and conflicts that emerge in society
because of competitions over scarce resources. It focuses on the inequalities that are built
into social structures rather than on those that emerge because of personal characteristics.
32. Max Weber argues that schools teach and maintain particular status cultures, that is,
groups in society with similar interests and positions in the status hierarchy.
33. Located in neighborhoods, schools are often rather homogenous in their student bodies
and teach to that constituency, thus perpetuating that status culture.
34. Education systems may train individuals in specialties to fill needed positions to prepare
cultivated individuals, those who stand above the others because of their superior
knowledge and reasoning abilities.
35. Individuals who had access to this type of education in early China were from the
educated elite, thus perpetuating their family status culture.