ME597 Lecture5 13

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems
ME 597/ABE 591
Lecture 5
Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

MAHA Professor Fluid Power Systems
MAHA Fluid Power Research Center
Purdue University
Displacement Machines
Study different design principles and learn about the following topics
Axial piston pump design solutions (swash plate and bent axis)
Radial piston pumps and motors piston support
Gear Pumps internal and external axial and radial gap compensation
Vane pumps advantage and disadvantage of this design
Please study the appropriate chapters in
Ivantysyn, J. and Ivantysynova, M. (2001), Hydrostatic Pumps and Motors.
Akademia Books International. New Dehli. ISBN-81-85522-16-2
Aim: - To be able to select the right design for your system application!
- Knowledge about limitations of each basic design
- To apply models on system level for each design
Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Systems, ME 597/ABE 591
Displacement Machines
Swash Plate Machines
Axial Piston Machines

Piston Machines
F
In-line Piston Machines
Bent Axis machines

with external piston support
Radial Piston Machines

with internal piston support
External Gear
F
Gear Machines
Internal Gear
Annual Gear
F
Screw Machines
Vane Machines
Fixed displacement machines
others
Variable displacement machines

3

Bent axis axial piston pumps

Synchronization of cylinder block
Driving flange
Cylinder block
Using a bevel gear
Using a universal joint
18

Bent axis axial piston pumps

Synchronization of cylinder block
connecting rod
piston
Piston rod
Cardan joint
Synchronization by piston rod

Synchronization by pistons
19

Kinematics of bent axis pumps

Four link 3D mechanism
Frame (1)
Five link 3D mechanism

Frame (1)
Cylinder (4)
Cylinder (4)
Piston rod (5)
Piston (3)
Piston (3)
Driving flange (2)
Driving flange (2)
Assuming a fixed connection between link 2 and link 4, achieved by

synchronization
the mechanism has finally three
mechanism has finally two degrees degrees of freedom
of freedom
Piston can rotate about z -axis and
3
Piston can rotate about z 3 -axis

piston rod can rotate about z5-axis

6
20

Piston Design
Long piston with piston rod
Short piston with piston rod
Synchronization by
universal joint or bevel gear
Synchronization by
pistons or piston rods
Spherical piston with piston ring
Conical piston with piston rings
16

Design Examples
Pump control device
Driving flange bearings
Spherical valve plate
22

Design Examples
Driving flange bearings
Fixed displacement pump

Conical piston
Spherical valve plate
23

Radial Piston Pumps

Rotating cylinder body

Stroke ring
Suction
Stationary cylinder body

Delivery
Suction
Delivery
eccentricity
Rotating cam or crankshaft
Displacement volume adjustable by changing eccentricity e

10
29

Radial Piston Pumps

Multiple stroke radial piston pumps
Stationary cylinder body
Rotating cam
Stationary stroke ring
Only fixed displacement pumps realizable!

11
30

Piston support on outer stroke ring
Plane valve plate
Stroke ring
Stroke ring
Piston
12
16
Piston rotation enforced

by friction force Ff

Stroke ring
Piston
Piston roller guide
Stroke ring borne in roller bearings

Piston sliding bearing

13
17


Stroke ring
Slipper support
Hydrostatically
balanced slipper
Hydrodynamically
balanced slipper
Slipper pocket
Ball joint inside the piston

14
18

Stroke ring support

Using a sliding carriage
supported using line contact
Stroke ring mounted on a pivot
Change of eccentricity by pivoting

the stroke ring about pivot axis
15
19

Design Example
Pump control system
Slipper
Piston
Control journal
16
Stroke ring
External gear pump

Basic principle
Radial gaps between teeth addendum circle and housing
Housing
Inlet
Outlet
Driving gear
Qe = V n -Qs
Driven gear
Axial gaps between housing and the gear pair must be very small to seal the
displacement chamber
17
13

Two stage gear pump

Inlet 1
p1
Driven gear
Outlet 2
p4
p2
p3
Outlet 1
Driving gear
Driven gear
Inlet 2
Outlet 1 and inlet 2 can be connected

or the pump can have two separate outlets
p2 = p3
p1 = p3
the driving gear is pressure balanced!

18
14

Internal gear pump

Internal gear (ring gear)
Pinion
Advantages:
Better suction ability
Higher efficiency
More compact design
Less noise emission
Suction zone
Pressure zone
Crescent shaped divider
Using teeth of standard involute design requires a combination where the

pinion has two or more fewer teeth than the ring gear! Pinion and ring gear
are then separated by a crescent shaped divider.
Longer duration of teeth meshing leads to better sealing function
19
15

Internal gear pump

Crescent shaped divider
Many different tooth profiles have been applied in the recent past.
20
16

Annular gear pumps

Applying specially generated tooth curves it can be achieved, that the inner
rotor (the pinion) has only one tooth less than the ring gear, thus eliminating the
crescent-shaped divider.
Ring gear (z2)
Outlet
Inlet
Each tooth of the pinion maintains

continuous sliding contact with a
tooth of the ring gear, providing
fluid tight engagement.
Relative sliding velocity between

pinion and ring gear is very small
Pinion (z1)
quiet operation and long
service life
Gerotor pump
21

Annular gear pump Orbit principle

2 Pressure port
Ring gear (z2) fixed
Rotating pinion (z1)
1 Suction port
Outlet
Inlet
Multiple delivery of
each tooth space
Rotating
distributor
Displacement volume is
given by z1 times z2 tooth
spaces
22
18

Pressure compensated axial gaps

Sealing ring
Pressurized area A
Sliding bearing
Shaft seal
Gear pair
Axial gap
FZ FZ
End cap
Bearing bushings housing Front cover
Only one direction of shaft rotation possible!

23
18

Pressure compensated axial gaps

Driving gear
Axial gap pressure compensated

Pressurized area
Sealing
2FZ
Sliding bearings
Driven gear
24
19
Improved volumetric efficiency

Pressure compensated radial gaps

Radial gap compensation
Axial gap compensation

Pressurized area
Bearing bushing
Small pressure zone achievable

25

Gear pump design example

Driving gear
Shaft seal
inlet
outlet
Driven gear
Bearing bushing performing a radial and axial gap compensation
26

Internal gear pump- design example

Internal gear pump with axial and radial gap compensation
Pinion
Ring gear
special shaped divider
inlet
Pressurized area
outlet
Moveable bearing shell

Radial gap compensation
27

Screw Pumps
With two meshing screws
outlet
inlet
28
22

Screw Pumps
outlet
tthread pitch
inlet
outlet
With three meshing screws
29
23

Vane Pumps
Classification of vane pumps
Unbalanced vane pump
Stator
Rotor
Balanced vane pump
Only fixed displacement pump
Fixed and variable pump design

30

Vane pumps- basic working principle

Single stroke vane pump variable
displacement volume
inlet
Overcenter pump the direction of flow can be reversed by change of eccentricity, i.e. without
changing the direction of rotation of the drive shaft
outlet
no flow!
Relatively high friction between

axial moveable vanes and rotor
&
between vanes and stator
outlet
Large radial forces exerted on the rotor
inlet
Limitation of max. operating pressure (20 MPa)

31
37

Vane pumps- classification

Multiple stroke vane pump
Rigid vane pump
Rotor
32

Fluid distribution
External fluid distribution
Internal fluid distribution
outlet
stator
rotor
Distributor - fixed control journal
inlet
33

Rigid vane pump

Stator ring
Displacement volume:
Rotor
Pulsation free flow

1st rotor
2nd rotor
34
vane


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Design and Modeling of Fluid Power Systems

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Axial Piston Machines

Bent Axis machines

Radial Piston Machines

Variable displacement machines

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Bent axis axial piston pumps

Using a universal joint

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Bent axis axial piston pumps

Synchronization by piston rod

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Kinematics of bent axis pumps

Five link 3D mechanism

Driving flange (2)

Driving flange (2)

Assuming a fixed connection between link 2 and link 4, achieved by

Piston can rotate about z 3 -axis

piston rod can rotate about z5-axis

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Short piston with piston rod

Spherical piston with piston ring

Conical piston with piston rings

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Driving flange bearings

Spherical valve plate

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Fixed displacement pump

Spherical valve plate

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Radial Piston Pumps

with internal piston support

Rotating cylinder body

Stationary cylinder body

Rotating cam or crankshaft

Displacement volume adjustable by changing eccentricity e

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Radial Piston Pumps

with internal piston support

Rotating cylinder body

Stationary cylinder body

Stationary stroke ring

Only fixed displacement pumps realizable!

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Piston support on outer stroke ring

Plane valve plate

Rotating cylinder body

Dr. Monika Ivantysynova

Piston rotation enforced

Piston support on outer stroke ring

Piston roller guide

Stroke ring borne in roller bearings

Piston sliding bearing

Design and Modeling of Fluid Power

Piston support on outer stroke ring

Ball joint inside the piston