Академический Документы
Профессиональный Документы
Культура Документы
PROGRESSIONS
3.1
INTRODUCTION
A sequence is a set of terms which are written in a definite order obeying a certain rule.
Example of a sequence is 2,4,6,8,.... which is a sequence of even numbers.
3.2.1
An AP is a sequence of numbers where each new term after the first term,a is made by
adding on a constant amount to the previous term.
This constant is known as the common difference can be positive, zero or negative
d = Tn + 1 - Tn
Tn = a + (n - 1) d
T n = n th term
d = common difference
Example 1:
a) Calculate the 8th term of an AP: 3, 7, 11, 15, 19, ....
, 4, ....
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
1|Page
c) Find the 7th and 18th terms of the AP 1.3, 1.1, 0.9, .
Example 2:
a) What is the number of terms in the AP 1
1
4
,2
1
2
,3
,....., 10 .
b) The 5th term and 6th term of an AP are 27 and 21 respectively. Find the first term.
c) Find the nth term of the AP 14, 9, 4, .. in terms of n. Hence find the 21st term of the AP.
d) The 3rd and 5th terms of an AP are -10 and -20 respectively. Find the:
i)
First term
ii)
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
2|Page
Exercise 1:
1) Find the 6th and the 15th terms of the AP:
a. 1, 5, 9,
b. -4, -7, -10,
c.
1 1 2
, , ,.....
3 2 3
5
4
7
4
,....,
33
4
3) Given that the 4th term of an AP is 12 and the common difference is 2. Find the first 3 terms
of the AP.
4) Find the number of terms of the AP 407, 401, 395, .. , -133. Hence, find the 20th term of
the AP.
5) Find the nth term of the AP 21, 15, 9, .. in terms of n. Hence find the 17th term of the AP.
6) The nth term of an AP is given by Tn = 4 9n. Find the first term, 10th term and common
difference.
7) The 3rd and 12ve terms of an AP are -3 and 24 respectively. Find the:
3.2.2
i)
ii)
Sn =
[ 2a + ( n - 1 ) d ]
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
3|Page
c) The sequence 20, 26, 32, is an AP. Find the sum of the 6th term to the 15th term of the AP.
d) The sequence 25, 22, 19, . is an AP. Find the value of n for which the sum of the first n
terms of the AP is 116.
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
4|Page
f)
i)
The value of p
ii)
The 7th term of an AP is 11 and the sum of the first 16 terms of the AP is 188. Find:
i)
ii)
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
5|Page
The value of k
ii)
ii)
7) Given that the sum of the first 4 terms is 34 and the sum of the next 4 terms is 82. Find:
i)
ii)
8) The 5th term of an AP is 10 and the sum of the first 10 terms of the AP is 115. Find:
3.2.3
i)
ii)
iii)
ARITHMETIC MEAN
2b = a + c
b=a+c
2
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
6|Page
Example 4:
a) Determine whether the following sequences is an AP: 8, 12
, 17, .
b) 2m, 4m + 1, 14 are the three consecutive terms of an AP. Find the value of m.
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
7|Page
3.2.4
Example 5:
a)
Ismail has RM 1760 in his bank account in January. Starting from February, he withdraws
RM 135 monthly from his bank account. Find his bank balance at the end of December in the
same year.
b)
Mr Siva rents a house with a monthly rental of RM420. in the agreement, it is stated that the
th
monthly rental will increase by the same amount each year. In the 8 year, Mr Siva has to
pay a monthly rental of RM560. Calculate :
i.
ii.
The total amount of house rental Mr Siva has to pay from the 6th year to the 12th year.
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
8|Page
3.3.1
A GP is a number sequence where each term after the first term is obtained by multiplying
the preceding term by a constant known as the common ratio.
The common ratio cannot take the values 0 or 1 but can be positive or negative.
The common ratio,r is given by :
r = Tn+1
Tn = ar
Tn
n1
r = common ratio
Tn = n th term
Example 6:
a) Calculate the 7th and 15th terms of the GP: 4, 12, 36, ....
3 1 1
, , ,....
2 2 6
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
9|Page
27
1
32
1 1
, , .. is 128. Find the value of n.
8 2
e) Find the nth term of the GP -8, -4, -2, . in terms of n. Hence, find the 6th term of the GP.
f)
ii)
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
10 | P a g e
Exercise 3:
1) Find the nth and 8th term of the GP :
a. -3, 9, -27, 81, ......
b. 16, -8, 4, 2, ..
2) For the following GP, calculate the value for the 10th and 15th terms :
a. 1,3,5,7,.........
b. 2,4,8,16,........
64
243
16
9
4
6) Given that x + 10, x + 1 and x are the first 3 terms of a GP. Find the value of x and the
common ratio.
7) For a GP, the 3rd term exceeds the first term by 9 and the sum of the 2nd and 3rd terms is 18.
Find :
3.3.2
i)
ii)
Sn = a ( 1 r )
1r
Where: a = first term
r = common ratio
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
11 | P a g e
, ....
3 3 3
, , , ...., 6.
8 4 2
d) The sum of the first n terms of the GP is 189. Given that the first term and the 2nd term are 3
and 6 respectively. Find the value of n.
e) Given a GP 27, 9, 3,., find the sum from the 4th term to the 9th term of the GP.
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
12 | P a g e
The value of k
ii)
Exercise 4:
1) Find the sum of the first 6 terms of the GP :
a. -2, -1, -1/2
b. 2, -6, 18
2) The sum of the first n terms of the GP 27, 21, 15, . is 72. Find the value of n.
25
of the GP.
4) Given a GP 10, 8, 6.4,., find the sum from the 3rd term to the 7th term of the GP.
1031
125
i)
ii)
. Find :
201
. Find :
i)
ii)
The value of h
ii)
13 | P a g e
SUM TO INFINITY OF A GP
For the case of -1 < r < 1, the sum of the first n terms of a GP is given by :
S =
S is read as
a
1r
sum to infinity
Example 8:
a) Find the sum to infinity of each of the following GP :
a. 5,
5 5
, , ....
3 9
b. 1,
1
2
c.
4 1 1
, , , ....
3 4 8
4, -2, 1,
1
2
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
14 | P a g e
16
. Find :
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
15 | P a g e
3.3.4
GEOMETRIC MEAN
b is the geometric
mean of a and c
a=b
2
b = ac
b = ac
Example 9:
a) Determine whether the following sequences is a GP: 3, 9, 27, 81, .
b) Given that m - 8, m - 4, m + 8 are the three consecutive terms of a GP. Find the value of m.
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
16 | P a g e
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
17 | P a g e
Example 10:
a)
A particle moves along a straight line from point P. it covers a distance of 64 cm in the 1st
second, 48 cm in the 2nd second, 36 cm in the 3rd second and so on. Find its distance from
point P 9 seconds later.
b)
The price of a house in a certain residential area is RM 220 000. Its price increases 5% each
year. Calculate the minimum number of years needed for the price to be more than
RM 400 000 for the first time.
c)
Ibrahim saves 5 cent on the first day, 10 cent on the second day, 20 cent on the third day
and so on such that the amount of money he saves on each day is twice that of the previous
day. Calculate the minimum number of days needed for the total amount of money to be
more than RM 1000 for the first time.
download@
http://math2ever.blogspot.com
18 | P a g e