Thecerebralcortexconsistsofvarioustypesofcorticesaswellascloselyrelatedsubcortical

structuressuchasthecaudatenucleusputamenglobusamygdalaandthehippocampalformation
MidBrainActivation.Whitenervefibersunderneathcarrysignalsbetweenthenervecellsandother
partsofthebrainandbody.Theforebraindealswithhomeostasisemotionsandconsciousactions.
Thethalamusalsoparticipatesinmotorcontrolandregulatingcortexexcitement.Thetectumis
uniquetotheMidbrainanddoesnothaveacounterpartintherestofthebrainstem.Cerebrum
consistsof:2Cerebralhemispheresthatareincompletelyseparatedbythegreatlongitudinalfissure
MidBrainActivationForAdults.Theventricularsystemisaderivativeoftheprimitiveembryonic
neuralcanal.Theparsreticulateservesastheoutputportionofthecircuitandtransmitssignalsfrom
thebasalgangliatotherestofthebrain.Thespacebetweenthearachnoidandthepiaisknownasthe
subarachnoidspace.AnotherstructuretheReticularActivatingSystemplaysanimportantrolein
regulatingconsciousnessincludingsleepwakingheartbeatandbreathing.
Thetegmentumsitsbeneaththetectum.Theupperpartofthenerveinnervatesthemusclesoffacial
expressionincludingtheeyelidsforeheadandthelipsThelowerpartinnervatesthevoluntary
musclesofthefacebelowtheeyelids.Thesecondmajorderivativeoftheprosencephalonisthe
diencephalon.MedullaOblongata.Thespinalcordisanessentiallinkbetweentheperipheralnervous
systemandthebrainitconveyssensoryinformationoriginatingfromdifferentexternalandinternal
sitesvia31pairsofspinalnerves.Everyparentwantstheverybestfortheirchildren.Thecortexisa
largemassofnervefiberscalledwhitematter.Thehypothalamusisagroupingofnucleithatliealong
thebaseofthebrainnearthepituitarygland.Opiatesthatstimulatereceptorsinthisregiondecrease
painsensation.Inanatomythetermssuperiorandinferiorrefertothepositionsofthestructureswith
superiorstructuresbeinglocatedaboveinferiorones.
AccordingtoHeldfibersfromtheposteriorcommissurecanbetracedintotheposteriorlongitudinal
bundleandaccordingtothesameauthormanyofthedescendingfibersariseinthesuperiorcolliculus
andafterdecussatinginthemiddlelineendinthemotornucleioftheponsandmedullaoblongata.
TheMidbrainisthereflexcenterforcranialnervesIIIandIVandisinvolvedineyereflexesand
movements.Thefrontallobeistheportionwhichisrostraltothecentralsulcusandabovethelateral
fissureanditoccupiestheanterioronethirdofthehemispheres.Lemniscuswithathemedial
lemniscusandathelaterallemniscus.Theponshelpsregularbreathing.Thesuperiorcolliculiare
largeranddarkerincolorthantheinferiorandareovalinshape.TheMidbrainistheshortportionof
thebrainstembetweentheponsandthecerebralhemispheres.Manyofthesignalsourbrainreceives
fromoursensesareregisteredinthecerebralcortex.Thetemporallobecontrolsthehearingcenters
languagecomprehensionstoringandrecallingmemoriesandrelatedareasincludingsomespeech
centersMidBrainActivationForAdults.Theanteriorcommissureafiberbundleconnectingthe
rightandleftfrontallobescanbeseendecussating.
Itconnectswithallpartsofthebrainandbrainstem.Thetegmentumhoodisthephylogeneticallyold
partofthebrainstemandrunsthroughtheponsandmedullaoblongata.Aportionofthebrainknown
asthesomatosensorycortexislocatedinthislobeandisessentialtotheprocessingofthebodys
senses.Thetemporopontinefibersarelateraltothecerebrospinalfiberstheyoriginateinthetemporal
lobeandendinthenucleipontis.Theoccipitallobeisatthebackofthehemisphereandisinvolvedin
interpretingvisualstimulithatiswhatweseeMidBrainActivationForAdults.Itconsistsofthe
thalamusandhypothalamuswhichliedeepinthecerebralhemispheres.Themesencephalon
metencephalonandthemyelencephaloncomprisethebrainstem.Fromthecellsofthethalamusa
relayoffibersisprolongedtothecerebralcortex.Theponsisinvolvedinchewingtastesalivahearing
andequilibrium.Themorenerveendingsapartofthebodyhasthemoreofthesensorycortexit
occupies.
Collateralsandterminalsaregivenofftotherednucleusandprobablyothernucleiofthebrainstem
andtotheanteriorcolumnofthespinalcord.Thereticularformationlittlenetisalargeandcomplex
structureofover90nucleithatsitsatthecoreofthebrainstem.Thefourthventricleisanexpansion
ofthecentralcanalofthemedullaoblongataMidBrainActivationForAdults.Abigportionofthe

sensorycortexistakenupbyourlipsandface.Wewilldiscusstherelevanceofthedegreeofcortical
foldingorgyrencephalizationlater.Themedullaliesbetweentheponsrostrallyandthespinalcord
caudally.TherednucleusandsubstantianigraoftheMidbrainhaveconnectionswiththebasal
ganglia.Thetemporallobeisformedbythreeobliquelyorientedgyri:thesuperiormiddleandinferior
temporalgyri.Theparietallobeiscomprisedofthreegyri:postcentralgyrussuperiorandinferior
parietalgyriMidBrainActivationForAdults.Thelimbicsystemincludesthesestructures:
cingulategyruscorpuscallosummammillarybodyolfactorytractamygdalaandhippocampus.
Scatteredthroughoutthecentralgraystratumarenumerousnervecellsofvarioussizesinterlacedbya
networkoffinefibers.Otherareasofthebrainalsoaffectmemory.Thehypothalamusaffectsbody
temperatureappetitewaterbalancepituitarysecretionsemotionsandautonomicfunctionsincluding
cyclesofwakingandsleeping.Thetwovertebralarteriessupplybloodtothebackofthebrain.Ifyou
areplayingDuckHuntontheoriginalNintendostillthebestgameespeciallywhenyoucheatby
bringingthegunallthewayuptothescreenyouareusingyourCerebellum.Therubrospinaltract
formsanimportantpartofthepathwayfromthecerebellumtothelowermotorcenters.Theinferior
parietalgyrusrepresentsthecorticalassociationareawhichintegratesandprocessessensory
informationfrommultiplemodalitiessuchasauditoryandvisualinformation.Interneuronsofthe
reticularformationreceivesomeofthecorticobulbarfibersfromthemotorcortex.Ifsomeonehocks
alugiatyourheadandyouwatchthegoobertravelthroughtheairandtracktheincomingwithyour
eyesatitracesatyourheadyouareusingyourvisionandeyeandneckmusclestogether.Thered
nucleiconnecttheMidbraintothecerebellumandtotheinnerear.
Eachlobecontrolsaspecificgroupofactivities.TheMidbrainisthesmallestpartofthebrainstem
beingabout2cminlength.Inordertoawakenthispartofthebrainitisnecessarytostimulatea
hormonaldischargebysendingaspecialvibrationMidBrainActivation.Thisisnotanindepthlook
atalloftheresearchonthebrainsucharesourcewouldfillstacksofbooksMidBrainActivation
ForAdults.Manyofthesecondarysensoryfibersofthetrigeminalcrosstheraphfromitsterminal
nucleusandpassupwardtothethalamusbyamoreorlessseparatebutcloselyassociatedpathway
knownasthecentraltractofthetrigeminalnervewhichalsoliesonthedorsalaspectofthe
lemniscus.Thearterialbloodsupplytothebrainisderivedfromtwoarterialsystems:thecarotid
systemandthevertebrobasilarsystemMidBrainActivation.Thelongitudinalpartofthissulcus
expandssuperiorlytoformaslightdepressionwhichsupportsthepinealbodyaconelikestructure
whichprojectsbackwardfromthethalamencephalonandpartlyobscuresthesuperiorcolliculi.These
tworegionsworktogetherasakindofcircuit.Theinferiorcolliculiareinvolvedwithprocessing
auditorystimulithatcomefromtheearsthroughthetrochlearnervebundle.Thebrainstemis
comprisedofthehindbrainandMidbrain.