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I.
INTRODUCTION
Now
both J and are zero, so
E becomes
(4)
field in the radiation zone. Along the Z axis cos ~ 1 and E(r)
has only x and y components proportional to Fx and Fy, which
are the Fourier transform of the aperture electric field. For
other directions of observation it is convenient to express the
field in terms of its spherical components. Thus,
(16)
(10)
(11)
(17)
where f is equal to its value at the stationary phase point.
RADIATION FIELD
with
V.
(18)
GENERATION OF NEAR FIELD DATA
(21)
(22)
that is where
kx = k1 = k0 sin cos
(24)
ky = k2 = k0 sin sin
A Taylor series expansion of k.r in vicinity of k1 and k2
gives
(25)
where d= [(x-x')2 + (y-y')2 + z2]1/2
VI.
SAMPLING THEOREM
(27)
If the plane Z=0 is found in a region of space where the
electromagnetic field contains no evanescent waves, then the
maximum kx and ky wavenumbers are kxm = kym = 2/. Thus
the sample spacing's for this field are X = Y = /2.
VII. NUMERICAL RESULTS
Far field results for planar rectangular aperture antenna are
presented in this section. In the examples where planar near
fields are used, 2-D FFT has been employed. In section VII-A,
synthetic near field data is used to extrapolate the far fields.
The extrapolated far fields are compared to those obtained
directly using the far field expressions.
A. Far Fields Extrapolated from Synthetic Near Fields
In the example a 10 cm x 10 cm rectangular aperture at =
3.2 cm with cosine amplitude distribution in one plane and
uniform field in other direction is considered.
For this particular case the complex near field has been
evaluated at z = 5 cm on a square plane of area 32 cm x 32 cm.
The near field data thus obtained is used to find the far field
using the equation
(28)
at = 0 ,30 ,60 ,90 plane and the have been plotted in fig
1,2,3,4 respectively. The exact far field is computed from
equation
0
(29)
and they have been presented in figures for comparison.
(26)
For example, at a separation distance of about half a
wavelength the distance between data points should generally
be less than /4 to compute accurate far fields.
Now the function f(kx ,ky) known as the wavenumber
spectrum function, is bandlimited. It becomes zero for kx >=
kxm or ky >= kym where kxm and kym are any positive real
numbers. So the results of the Fourier transform analysis may
be used to arrive at a sample spacing criterion for the fields on
Fig 4. Amplitude distribution in the near field of AUT
CONCLUSION
A simple method for determining the far zone pattern from
near field measurements is presented. The method utilizes near
field data to determine equivalent far field by making use of
two dimensional Fourier transform over the aperture of the
antenna. By using this method, the far field of the antennas
that are not highly directive over large elevations and
azimuthal ranges can be determined without using spherical
scanning. This method has a wider range of validity than the
conventional expansion method.
REFERENCES
[1]
[2]
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
[8]
[9]
Fig 6. Comparison of theoretical and transformed far field for the cut = 0
[10]
[11]
[12]
[13]
[14]
[15]
Fig 7. Comparison of theoretical and transformed far field for the cut = 90o